Week 8

Tourism Organisations

Learning Outcome

After you have attended this meeting, you should be able to:
1. Investigate the different organisations involved in tourism.
2. Describe organisations roles in tourism development.

Introduction

Tourism organisations
The tourism industry consists of many layers and can be seen as quite a complex industry,
but ultimately it can be deemed to consist of three main sectors, and this is the same in
most countries throughout the world.
1. Private sector
Private sector tourism companies – 'any company controlled and
operated by private individuals (and not by civil servants or government-
employees) are very varied in type and size.

Type of private tourism organization :

• Artificial tourism attraction Tour operator

• Transport provider
• Travel agency

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2. Public (government) organisations
In most countries throughout the world, there is a government
department concerned or dedicated to tourism, and these generally
occur at national, regional and local level.
According to Hall (2000) the government has eight roles in tourism,
including;

• Co-ordination – sharing information and co-ordinating with tourism

agencies, both public and private, to avoid duplication of resources.
• Planning – controlling the development of tourism, determining
where and what is appropriate to develop.
• Legislation and regulation – includes factors such as: employment,
immigration and visa regulations.
• Stimulation – stimulating tourism supply by incentives, including: tax
relief for tourism developers. Sponsoring research on understanding
markets and product innovation, and stimulating demand through
marketing and promotion.
• Marketing and promotion – trying to increase interest in a
destination, including 'destination branding'.
• Entrepreneurship – the government own and operate tourism
ventures, or own and manage land.
• Providing social tourism – providing opportunities for groups of
society who are under- privileged or on low incomes.
• Protector of the public interest – to act as an 'intermediary' in case of
conflict or competing interests.

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 3. Regulatory bodies

Due to the complex nature of the travel and tourism industry and its
international scale, there is an obligatory need for standards and
regulations to be set. These 'regulatory bodies' enable 'standardisation'
at different levels to overcome any misinterpretations that may occur in
an industry as complex and grand as the travel and tourism industry.

Public regulatory bodies

A. International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)

The ICAO aims to ensure "safe, secure and sustainable development of

civil aviation through co- operation amongst its member states".

Strategic objectives:

1. Safety – enhance global civil aviation safety

2. Security – enhance global civil aviation security
3. Environmental protection – minimise the adverse effect of global civil
aviation on the environment
4. Efficiency – enhance the efficiency of aviation operations
5. Continuity – maintain the continuity of aviation operations
6. Rule of Law – strengthen law governing international civil aviation

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B. International Air Transport Association (IATA)

Source: www.icao.int

IATA mission statement is "to represent, lead and serve the airline industry",
and represents "93% of scheduled international air traffic". Source:
www.iata.co.uk

a. IATA represents consumers by simplifying travel and shipping

processes
b. IATA allows airlines to operate safely, securely, efficiently and
economically under clearly defined rules.
c. IATA serves as an intermediary between airlines and passenger
as well as cargo agents via neutrally applied agency service
standards and centralised financial systems.
d. A large network of industry suppliers and service providers
gathered by IATA provides solid expertise to airlines in a variety
of industry solutions.
e. For governments, IATA seeks to ensure they are well informed
about the complexities of the aviation industry to ensure better,
long-term decisions.

C. World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO)

The WTO "plays a central and decisive role in promoting the development of
responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism, paying
particular attention to the interests of developing countries, and
encourages the implementation of the 'Global Code of Ethics for Tourism".

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D. PHRI ( Perhimpunan Hotel dan Restaurant Indonesia )
PHRI or Association of Indonesian Hotels and Restaurants (IHRA) is a non-
profit association of hotel and restaurant owners and professionals that
focuses on the development and growth of key sectors of the tourism industry
in Indonesia.
Over the years, IHRA has grown into an important association close to the
government and the private sector related, serves the aspirations and
challenges of the industry to the government so as to create a policy that is
structured according to the real needs of the industry.
Which is included in the IHRA membership, among others, hotels, restaurants
and suppliers and related industries, including tourism and educational
institutions.
IHRA is an enterprise organization whose members are entrepreneurs Hotel,
Restaurant, Food Service, Hospitality and Tourism Education Institutions

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