9

Consumer
Chemistry
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Carbon Filters, Ceramics and
Micro Alloys
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Carbon Filters, Ceramics and Micro Alloys
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Regional Director : May B. Eclar PhD, CESO V
OIC Asst. Regional Director : Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Maricar I. Cocamas
Editors: Lorna B. De Jose,Leigh Anne Alvarado,Zenaida D. Calma,
Raymond E. Mangilit, Sandy Fatima C. Miclat
Reviewers: Gemima A. Estrabillo EdD, Hermes Vargas, Adrian Tamayo,
Emily F. Sarmiento PhD, Noel S. Reganit, Krislene Ida N. Mercado
Conrado Domingo, Billy ray B. Manuel, Marvin R. Leano,
Gemmarie G. Rivas
Illustrator: Larry Mar B. Bautista
Layout Artist: Ma. Remalyne G. Cruz EdD
Management Team: May B. Eclar PhD, CESO V
Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO V
Ma. Irelyn P. Tamayo PhD, CESE
Fernandina P. Otchengco PhD, CESE
Librada M. Rubio PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas EdD
Rochella C. David
Emily F. Sarmiento PhD
Gemima A. Estrabillo EdD

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region III – Schools Division of Angeles City

Office Address: Jesus St., Pulungbulu, Angeles City

Telephone: (045) 322-5722; 322-4702 888-0582; 887-6099
E-mail Address: angeles.city@deped.gov.ph
 9

Consumer
Chemistry
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Carbon Filters, Ceramics and
Micro Alloys
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The module contains:

● Lesson 1 – CARBON FILTERS, CERAMICS AND MICRO ALLOYS

This learning module is aligned on the learning competency:

- explain how advanced materials like carbon filters, ceramics and micro alloys
are produced
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. differentiate the properties of carbon filter, ceramics and micro alloys
2. explain the different production processes of advanced materials like
carbon filters, ceramics and micro alloys
3. determine the importance and uses of the different advanced materials in
household and industries.

1
 What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT an alloy?

a. Amalgam
b. Brass
c. Nickel
d. Steel

2. Which of the following are defined as class of inorganic and nonmetallic solids
that are subjected to high temperature in manufacture use?
a. Alloys
b. Carbon filters
c. Ceramics
d. Plastic containers

3. What is a nonmetal alloying element that is used as a deoxidizer in metals?

a. Carbon
b. Copper
c. Lead
d. Silicon

4. Which of the following alloys is the mixture of copper and zinc?

a. Brass
b. Bronze
c. Gold
d. Steel

5. What is known as activated charcoal?

a. Activated carbon
b. Activated coal
c. Carbon air filter
d. Carbon filter

6. Which one of the following processes shows a chemical reaction of organic

compounds in the air or water with the activated carbon which causes the
result to the stick to the filter?
a. Adsorption
b. Chemical Activation
c. Granulation
d. Mixing

2
7. What is a metal used to make materials such as aluminum and precipitation-
hardenable, which can increase corrosion-resistance in copper but can
decrease the corrosion-resistance in aluminum?
a. Chromium
b. Copper
c. Lead
d. Tungsten

8. Which of the following is NOT a property of ceramics?

a. High melting points
b. Considerable durability
c. Great hardness and strength
d. High electrical and thermal conductivity

9. What is the combination of metal with at least one other metal or non-metal?
a. Carbon filter
b. Ceramics
c. Micro alloys
d. Steel

10. What is the combination of copper and tin?

a. Brass
b. Bronze
c. Platinum
d. Silver

2
 What’s In

In Grade 8, you learned about metals, non-metals and metalloids. You

mastered the elements in the periodic table and you conducted activities that enabled
you to understand the reactivity of different metals. Moreover, you have learned the
different examples, properties and characteristics of metals, non-metals and
metalloids and their position in the Periodic Table.

Photo Source: International Union of Applied Chemistry (20218)

3
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which element is a non-metal that belongs to Group No. 4 and exists in

four forms – graphite, diamond, buckyballs and fullerenes?
a. Carbon
b. Fluorine
c. Nitrogen
d. Oxygen

2. Where are metals mainly found in the periodic table?

a. On the left
b. On the right
c. On the right and in the middle
d. On the left and in the middle

3. What do you call the first group of elements?

a. Alkali metals
b. Alkaline earth metals
c. Halogens
d. Transition metals

4. Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

a. Francium
b. Helium
c. Radon
d. Zn

5. Which of the following elements is a non-metal?

a. Argon
b. Calcium
c. Gold
d. Silver

4
 What’s New

Synthesis and processing involve the creation of a material with the desired
micro-nanostructure. From an engineering standpoint, a material cannot be used in
industry if there is no economical production method. Thus, the processing of
materials is vital to the field of materials science. Different materials require different
processing or synthesis methods.

Activity 1. ANAGRAM
Direction: Arrange the following jumbled letters to form a word. Use the given picture
and definition as clues to solve the jumbled letters.

1. PARDNSOIT-

A distinct process where organic compounds in the air or water

react chemically with the activated carbon, which causes them
to stick to the filter.

2. TOFRACEROY –

Materials that are capable of putting up with everyday abuses

like extremes of temperature, attacks from acids and alkalis,
and general wear-and-tear.

3. VATIDETCA BONARC –

It is a form of carbon that has been processed to have an

incredibly large surface area.

4. RACESICM –

These are defined as class of inorganic, nonmetallic solids that

are subjected to high temperature in manufacture and/or use.

5. YOLLAS-

These are combinations of metal with at least one other metal

or non-metal.

Photo Source: Bell (2020)

5
 What is It

Carbon Filters

Activated carbon has swept through the modern world and became an
essential component in an enormous range of industries, including medical,
cosmetic, and agricultural applications. This versatile ingredient is also a crucial
component for the best air and water filtration systems.

Activated Carbon
• This is also called “activated charcoal”.
• This is a form of carbon that has been processed to have an incredibly large
surface area.
• It has tiny, low-volume pores that provide a
surface for either adsorption or chemical
reactions.
• Activated carbon is derived from a carbonaceous
source material like wood, bamboo, sawdust,
willow peat, coconut shell, peach pits, coir,
petroleum pitch, and a variety of coal.
• However, regular carbon isn’t the same as
activated carbon. To form millions of tiny pores
across its surface, carbon must first be
“activated.”

Activated Carbon Filters

• These are small pieces of carbon, typically
in granular or powdered block form, that
have been treated to be extremely porous.
• They have vast surface area that enable
carbon filters to adsorb exponentially more
contaminants and allergens than
traditional carbon.
• Carbon Air Filters - have special properties
that allow to remove volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), allergens, impurities,
odors, and other gaseous pollutants from
the air.
• Carbon Water Filters - are generally
employed in the process of removing organic compounds and/or extracting free
chlorine from water, thereby making the water suitable for discharge or use in
manufacturing processes.
6
Adsorption - is a distinct process where organic compounds in the air or water react
chemically with the activated carbon, which causes them to stick to the filter.

There are two main carbon activation methods:

▪ Steam Activation
a. Steam activation is carried out using steam at temperatures of between
800°C and 1000°C. At these temperatures, an instant Water-Gas
reaction occurs, gasifying the carbonized material.
b. Air is then introduced to burn out the gasses, without burning the
carbon. This process produces a graded, screened and de-dusted form
of activated carbon.
c. Carbon activated by steam generally has a fine pore structure, ideal for
adsorbing both liquid phase and vapor phase compounds.

▪ Chemical Activation
a. With chemical activation the carbon is first filled with a powerful
dehydrating agent, typically a paste form of phosphoric acid (P2O5) or
zinc chloride (ZnCl2).
b. The paste is heated to temperatures between 500°C and 800°C to
activate the carbon.
c. Chemical activation produces activated carbon with a very open pore
structure, making it more suitable for adsorbing large molecules.

Ceramics

● These are defined as class of inorganic, nonmetallic solids that are subjected
to high temperature in manufacture and/or use.
● The most common ceramics are composed of oxides, carbides, and nitrides.
Silicide, borides, phosphides, tellurides, and selenides are also used to
produce ceramics.

7
 ● "Refractory" materials are capable of putting up with everyday abuses like
extremes of temperature, attacks from acids and alkalis, and general wear-
and-tear.

Traditional Ceramics
● Bricks, pottery, glass, porcelain, tiles, cement,
and concrete are the classic, time-tested ceramics

Advanced engineering ceramics

● These have been engineered (mostly since the
early 20th century) for highly specific applications.
● Examples:
? Silicon nitrides and tungsten carbides –are designed for making
exceptionally hard, high-performance cutting tools
? Metal oxides, carbides, and nitrides –are compounds made by
combining atoms of a metal with oxygen, carbon, or nitrogen atoms
Tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, and
boron nitride - hard, cutting-tool
ceramics
Aluminum oxide (alumina) and silicon
dioxide – used in making integrated circuits
("microchips")
Lithium-silicon oxide – used to make the heat-protective nose cones on
space rockets

Properties of Ceramics

● They have high melting points (so they're heat resistant).

● They have great hardness and strength.
● They have considerable durability (they're long-lasting and hard-wearing).
● They have low electrical and thermal conductivity (They're good insulators).
● They are considered to have chemical inertness (They're unreactive with other
chemicals).

Behavior of Ceramics

8
Why do ceramics and metals behave differently?

1. Metals are malleable because the atoms inside them can slide past one another
fairly easily.
2. In a ceramic, the atoms are tightly bonded. If you apply too much force, the only
thing a ceramic can do is break apart: the energy has nowhere else to go.
3. In metals, there are free electrons (blue) to carry heat and electricity. That's why
metals are good conductors.
4. In a ceramic, the electrons are all "busy" binding atoms together and there are
none spare for carrying electricity and heat. That's why ceramics tend to be good
insulators (non-conductors).

Production of Ceramics

a. Raw Material Procurement - The raw materials used in the manufacture of

ceramics range from relatively impure clay materials mined from natural
deposits to ultrahigh purity powders prepared by chemical synthesis.
Naturally occurring raw materials used to manufacture ceramics include
silica, sand, quartz, flint, silicates, and aluminosilicates.

Beneficiation

▪ Comminution - reducing the particle size of the raw material by

crushing, grinding, and milling or fine grinding.
▪ Purification - separating undesirable materials.
▪ Sizing – classifying and separating the material into size ranges.
▪ Calcining - consisting of heating a ceramic material to a temperature
well below its melting point to liberate undesirable gases or other
material and to bring about structural transformation to produce the
desired composition and phase product.
▪ Liquid dispersion - ceramic powders sometimes is used to make slurries.
▪ Granulation - accomplished by direct mixing, which consists of
introducing a binder solution during powder mixing, or by spray drying.

b. Batching – This part of the process can also be known as “blending” which
calculates amounts, weighing and initial blended of the raw materials.
c. Mixing – This means to obtain a more chemically and physically homogeneous
material prior to forming. The constituents of the ceramic powder are combined
using the method of mixing or blunging.
d. Forming – Dry powders, plastic bodies, pastes, or slurries are consolidated
and molded to produce a cohesive body of the desired shape and size.

9
 e. Green Machining - The ceramic shape often is machined to eliminate rough
surfaces and seams or to modify the shape.
f. Drying – This must be carefully controlled to strike a balance between
minimizing drying time and avoiding differential shrinkage, warping, and
distortion.
g. Glazing – This is often applied to dried or bisque-fired ceramic ware prior to
sintering. Glazes consist primarily of oxides and can be classified as raw glazes
or frit glazes.
h. Firing – This is a process by which ceramics are thermally consolidated into
a dense, cohesive body comprised of fine, uniform grains. This process is also
referred to as sintering or densification.

Micro Alloys
● These are combinations of metal with at least one other metal or non-metal.
● The combination must be part of a solid solution, a compound, or a mixture
with another metal or nonmetal in order for it to be considered an alloy.

Examples of common alloys:

● Steel - a combination of iron (metal) and carbon (non-metal)

● Bronze - a combination of copper (metal) and tin (metal)
● Brass - a mixture of copper (metal) and zinc (metal)

Properties of Alloys

● Individual pure metals may possess useful properties such as good electrical
conductivity, high strength, and hardness, or heat and corrosion resistance.
● Commercial metal alloys attempt to combine these beneficial properties in
order to create metals more useful for particular applications than any of their
component elements.
● There are a wide variety of alloying elements that serve different purposes for
different base materials such as:
? Chromium is a metal frequently used to help alloys resist corrosion.
Depending on the material, it can also increase hardness and strength.
? Nickel is a metal often added to materials to increase toughness.
Austenitic stainless steels have high additions of nickel which also acts
as an austenite-promoter.
? Copper is a metal used to make materials, such as aluminum,
precipitation-hardenable. In steel, copper can increase corrosion-
resistance, but can decrease the corrosion-resistance of aluminum.
? Manganese is a metal usually alloyed to improve strength. Manganese
alone as an alloying element is not affected very much by heat
treatment, making it suitable for higher temperature applications.
? Tungsten is a metal alloying element used to improve wear resistance

10
 (especially at high temperatures), toughness, and strength.
? Lead is a metal alloying element that is used to improve machinability.
? Silicon is a nonmetal alloying element. It is often used as a deoxidizer in
metals. Silicon also increases strength and can reduce melting
temperature.
? Carbon is a nonmetal alloying element that is a necessary element to
manufacture steel. Carbon additions are often used in steel and cast
iron alloys to increase strength and hardness.

Production of Alloys
● The most common way to combine metals into an alloy is by melting them,
mixing them together, and then allowing them to solidify and cooling them
back to room temperature.
● In most cases, alloys are mixed from commercially pure elements. Mixing is
relatively easy in the liquid state but slow and difficult in the solid state, so that
most alloys are made by melting the base metal—for instance, iron, aluminum, or
copper—and then adding the alloying agents.
● Care must be taken to avoid contamination, and in fact purification is often
carried out at the same time, since this is also done more easily in the liquid
state.

Example:

Steel Making
a. Desulfurizing of liquid blast-furnace iron in a ladle
b. Decarburizing the iron during its conversion to steel
c. Removing of oxygen from the liquid steel in a vacuum degasser
d. Adding tiny amounts of alloying agents to bring the steel to the
desired composition

Factors to Consider in Successful Alloy Process

▪ Melting temperatures of component metals

▪ Impurity levels
▪ Mixing environment
▪ Alloying procedure

All activated carbon filters remove a significantly higher amount of air

pollutants than regular carbon filters, however there are some distinctions. Some
filters contain more activated carbon than others, and this can affect the capacity for
impurity removal. The more activated carbon in a filter, the more contaminants it
will catch and the faster it will adsorb.

11
 Additionally, high levels of activated carbon increase a filter’s lifetime. It will
require fewer replacements and keep emitting fresh air longer. Another factor that
influences filtering rate is the size of activated carbon particles.

Typically, smaller particles yield faster adsorption rates. The most advanced
activated carbon filters, like those found in Blueair air purifiers, are infused with
other compounds like magnesium dioxide and copper oxide to remove even more
hazardous pollutants from the air, such as carbon monoxide, ethylene oxide, and
ozone. Some modern activated carbon filters are also more adept at preventing a
buildup of bacteria that can occur naturally over time.

Activated carbon filters are an important addition to any air purification

system. They can be used alone or in conjunction with other filters to significantly
reduce the amount of impurities in your home or office. Whether you choose a basic
or advanced model, you can breathe easy using an activated carbon filter.

Ceramics are all around us. This category of materials includes things like tile,
bricks, plates, glass, and toilets. Ceramics can be found in products like watches
(quartz tuning forks-the time keeping devices in watches), snow skies (piezoelectric-
ceramics that stress when a voltage is applied to them), automobiles (sparkplugs and
ceramic engine parts found in racecars), and phone lines. They can also be found on
space shuttles, appliances (enamel coatings), and airplanes (nose cones). Depending
on their method of formation, ceramics can be dense or lightweight. Typically, they
will demonstrate excellent strength and hardness properties; however, they are often
brittle in nature. Ceramics can also be formed to serve as electrically conductive
materials, objects allowing electricity to pass through their mass, or insulators,
materials preventing the flow of electricity. Some ceramics, like superconductors,
also display magnetic properties.

Ceramics are generally made by taking mixtures of clay, earthen elements,

powders, and water and shaping them into desired forms. Once the ceramic has been
shaped, it is fired in a high temperature oven known as a kiln. Often, ceramics are
covered in decorative, waterproof, paint-like substances known as glazes.

Cuerda Seca

This is a method of decorating terra cotta clay tiles by flood-filling liquid glaze
into areas delineated by colored wax or grease lines.

To do this technique, a heavy-line-drawing of ceramic-stained wax or grease

is screen-printed (or hand-applied using a slip-trailing bottle). Brightly colored glazes
(which are water suspensions) are flood-filled (using the same type of slip-trailing
bottle) into areas between the lines. The glaze runs up to the lines and stops (due to
the natural repulsion between the water and oil), then dries quickly (due to the

12
porosity of the tile). Firing the tiles burns away the carrier in the typically black lines,
fusing them to the surface.

Alloys on the other hand are man-made materials. You make them by
combining a metallic element with something else. Alloys can involve combining a
metal with metals, non-metals, or both.

Alloys also sometimes get fun names! Like Alnico, an alloy of iron, aluminum,
nickel, cobalt, copper and/or titanium. Some of their names are an amalgamation of
the names of the alloying agents. Other times they just become so popular that they
get their own more “every day” sounding name, like wrought iron.

When metal is magnified through an electron microscope, the atoms appear

in a crystalline lattice structure. Also in this structure are alloying agents. Typically,
there are two types of alloy structures: substitution alloys and interstitial alloys.
Substitution alloys occur if the atoms of an alloying agent replace the atoms of a main
metal. Interstitial alloys on the other hand, occur when alloys form due to the alloying
agents becoming smaller than the main metal.

Materials, as a field, is most commonly represented by ceramics, metals, and

polymers. While noted improvements have taken place in the area of ceramics and
metals, it is the field of polymers that has experienced an explosion in progress.
Polymers have gone from being cheap substitutes for natural products to providing
high-quality options for a wide variety of applications. Further advances and
breakthroughs supporting the economy can be expected in the coming years.

13
 What’s More

Activity 1
Explain the steps in the production process of activated carbon filters, ceramics
and metal alloys through drawings
Production of Carbon Filters

Adsorption Steam Activation Chemical Activation

Production of Ceramics

Raw Material Procurement Beneficiation

Forming Mixing

Drying Glazing Firing

Production of Micro Alloys

Melting Mixing

14
Assessment 1
Direction. Write True if the statement tells correct information and write False if the
statement tells incorrect information.

1. The most common way to combine metals into an alloy is by melting them,
mixing them together, and then allowing them to solidify and cooling them
back to room temperature.
2. Alloys can involve combining a metal with metals, non-metals, or both.
3. Mixing is the process can also be known as “blending” which calculates amounts,
weighing and initial blended of the raw materials.
4. Steam activation is carried out using steam at temperatures of between -
800°C and 1000°C. At these temperatures, an instant Water-Gas reaction
occurs, gasifying the carbonized material.

5. Carbon filters are generally made by taking mixtures of clay, earthen

elements, powders, and water and shaping them into desired forms.

Activity 2
Direction: List down advanced materials that you can see in your home and/or
industries.

Carbon Filters Ceramics Metal Alloys

Assessment 2
Direction: Identify the following examples as carbon filter, ceramics and micro
alloys. Write A for carbon filter, B for ceramics and C for micro alloys.

1. Clay 6. Coconut shell

2. Steel 7. Bricks
3. Coal 8. Titanium
4. Tiles 9. Cement
5. Glass 10. Brass

15
Activity 3
Direction: Match the following processes with their descriptions.

1. Storage a. Some chemicals are added to the water

that will make the dirt and some
2. Sedimentation
dissolved particles to stick together
3. Filtration
b. Water is placed here before it is
4. Disinfection transported to your house
5. Coagulation c. Flocs start to get really heavy and sink
6. Aeration to the bottom of the tank where they
can be removed
d. Water flows slowly through this
section made up of layers of sand,
gravel, and charcoal
e. Water and air in close contact in order
to remove dissolved gases and metals
f. Chlorine is added

Assessment 3
Direction: Identify the type of advanced materials process used in the following items.
Choose your answer from the words inside the box.

Glazing Forming Steam Activation

Mixing Purification Batching

1. Dry powders, plastic bodies, pastes, or slurries are consolidated and molded
to produce a cohesive body of the desired shape and size.
2. Separating undesirable materials
3. Is relatively easy in the liquid state but slow and difficult in the solid state, so that
most alloys are made by melting the base metal—for instance, iron, aluminum, or
copper—and then adding the alloying agents.
4. Carbon activated by steam generally has a fine pore structure, ideal for
adsorbing both liquid phase and vapor phase compounds.
5. This is often applied to dried or bisque-fired ceramic ware prior to sintering.

16
 What I Have Learned

Let’s Organize! Complete the graphic organizer by filling in the boxes with the
correct answer.

ADVANCED
MATERIALS

CERAMICS MICRO ALLOY

CARBON FILTERS

PRODUCTION PROPERTIES FACTORS TO PROPERTIES

CONSIDER IN
Raw Material High ALLOY
Procurement melting PROCESS Good
point Electrical
Conductivity
Impurity
1.
Hard Levels
11.

8.

Batching 12.
5.

9.
2. 13.
6.

10.
Forming 7.

Green
Machining ACTIVATED ACTIVATED
CARBON CARBON

3.

METHOD TYPES
4.

Carbon
Steam 14. 15.
Firing Activation Water
Filter
17
 What I Can Do

Answer the questions below.

1. What is the function of carbon filter in water treatment?

2. Identify the uses of metal alloys in the following industries.

a. Aircraft Industry
b. Marine Engineering
c. Medical Industry

3. Do carbon filters in face masks offer more protection against coronavirus? How?

Assessment

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which one of the following is used as a filter in rubber tires?

a. Carbon black
b. Coal
c. Graphite
d. Coke

2. Which one of the following polymeric materials is used for making bullet proof
jacket?
a. DACRON
b. KEVLAR
c. NYLON 6.6
d. RAYON

3. Which alloy contains nickel?

a. Brass
b. Bronze
c. Invar
d. Solder

4. Which of the following elements is not present in stainless steel?

a. Chromium
b. Iron
c. Nickel
d. Tungsten
18
5. Which of the following is a super cool liquid?
a. Glass
b. Ice cream
c. Mercury
d. Teflon

6. Which of the following does not contain silver?

a. German silver
b. Horn silver
c. Lunar caustic
d. Ruby silver

7. What do you call the mixture of potassium nitrate powdered charcoal and
Sulphur?
a. cement
b. glass
c. gun powder
d. paint

8. Which of the following metals is known to pollute the air of big cities with a large
number of vehicles?
a. Copper
b. Iron
c. Lead
d. Mercury

9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a ceramic material?

a. low hardness
b. high temperature stability
c. high mechanical strength
d. low elongation

10. Which of the following ceramic products is mostly used as pigment in paints?
a. TiO2
b. SiO2
c. UO2
d. ZrO2

1
 Additional Activities

Research about any of the following alloys and give their properties and
composition. Choose at least two of the given metal alloys.

• brass
• bronze
• cast iron
• carbon steel
• pewter
• solder
• sterling silver
• stainless steel
• wrought iron

19
2
0
References

Philip D. Myers , JR., Ph.D , “Activated Carbon Air Filters: Everything You Need to
Know” ,Accessed January 4,2020 https://molekule.science/activated-
carbon-air-filter

The Science Behind Activated Carbon Water Filters , Accessed January 2 ,2020
http://www.carbonblocktech.com/the-science-behind-activated-carbon-
water-filters
Roop Chand Bansal,”Activated Carbon or Charcoal Filter”,Accessed January
4,2021https://www.me.psu.edu/cimbala/me433/Lectures/Activated_Carb
on_or_Charco
l_Filters.pdf Terence ,Bell ,”Metal Alloys Explained” ,Accessed December 20 ,2020
https://www.thoughtco.com/metal-alloys-2340254
Science Metallurgy Alloying ,Accessed December 21 ,2020
https://www.britannica.com/science/metallurgy/Alloying

Ceramic Products Manufacturing, Accessed December 26,2020

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/ceramics.html
Cleveland Vibrator Company, “Eight Steps of Ceramics Processing and Industrial
Vibration”,Accessed December 27,2021
https://solutionsinmotion.clevelandvibrator.com/eight-steps-of-ceramics-
processing-and-industrial-vibration
The National Academies Press,”Manufacturing Material and Processing” , Accessed
December 27,2020 https://www.nap.edu/read/2307/chapter/5#75
TSS Tampa steel and supply ,”What is a Metal Alloy”, Accessed December 28,2020
https://tampasteel.com/what-is-a-metal-alloy
Robyn L. Johnson, “Ceramics in the Classroom”,Accessed December 28,2020
https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics
/ceramics.htm

Learning Center ,”Activated Carbon Filters: What They Are & How They
Work”,Accessed December 29,2020
https://learn.allergyandair.com/activated-carbon-“

21
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III Schools Division of Angeles City

Office Address: Jesus St., Pulungbulu, Angeles City

Telephone: (045) 322-5722; 322-4702 888-0582; 887-6099
E-mail Address: angeles.city@deped.gov.ph