GHEOFF RICARE

10/23/20
PRE-CALCULUS (SECTION 1.1 & 1.2) & MODULE 3-4

Analytic Geometry Theorem 2

Standard Equation of a Circle Centered at (h,
1. The Circle k): A circle with an equation (x – h)2 + (y – k)2
= r2 has center at (h, k) and radius r, where r
> 0.
2. The Parabola

- A line on the cone is called a generator and the

only point where the generators intersect is
called the vertex.
- The vertical line passing through the vertex is Definition 2: A parabola is the set of all points
called the axis of the cone. in a plane equidistance from both a fixed
point called focus, and a fixed line called
directrix.
a. If the cutting plane used to slice the two-
napped cone is parallel to exactly one
generator, consequently cutting only one of
the cones, then the curve of intersection is
called a parabola.
b. Its corresponding degenerate is a line.

Definition 1: A center consists of all the points

on a plane that are equidistant from a fixed
point, called the center. The constant distance
is called the radius of the circle.
a. If the cutting plane to the cone is parallel to no
generator and is also perpendicular to the axis
of the cone, then the curve of intersection is a
circle.
• Principal Axis – the line passing through the
b. Its corresponding degenerate conic is a point.
focus and perpendicular to the directrix.
Theorem 1
• Vertex – the point where the parabola
Standard Equation of a Circle at the Origin: A
intersects its axis.
circle with an equation x2 + y2 = r2 has center
• Focal Width (Latus Rectum) – the line segment
at the origin (0, 0) and radius r, where r > 0.
joining two points on the parabola passing
x2 + y2 = r2 through the focus and perpendicular to the
axis.
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PRE-CALCULUS (SECTION 1.1 & 1.2) & MODULE 3-4
Theorem 3
Standard Equation of a Parabola with Vertex at
the Origin:
- A parabola with standard equation x2 = 4py
has the y-axis as its principal axis, vertex at the
origin, and focus at (0, p). [upward p > 0,
downward p < 0]
- A parabola with standard equation y2 = 4px
has the x-axis as its principal axis, vertex at
origin, and focus at (p, 0). [rightward p > 0,
leftward p < 0]
GHEOFF RICARE
10/23/20
Theorem 4
Standard Equation of a Parabola with Vertex at
(h, k):
- A parabola with equation (x – h)2 = 4p (y – k)
has principal axis x = h, vertex at (h, k), and p
as directed distance from the vertex to the
focus. [upward p > 0, downward p < 0]
- A parabola with equation (y – k)2 = 4p (x – k)
has principal axis y = k, vertex at (h, k), and p
as directed distance from the vertex to the
focus. [rightward p > 0, leftward p < 0]
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 GHEOFF RICARE
10/23/20
PRE-CALCULUS (SECTION 1.1 & 1.2) & MODULE 3-4

From PDF

MODULE 3 (CIRCLE) Sections Shape Focus Directrix

Circle Horizontal Enclosed 1 0
Ellipse Diagonal Enclosed 2 2
Parabola Parallel Open 1 1
Hyperbola Vertical Cut-away 2 2
Degenerate Conic
Conic Section - When plane pass through the vertex
- The intersection of a plane and a double- - Intersecting Lines, Single Line, Single Point.
napped cone. Circle
- A curvature obtained as the intersection of the
surface of a cone with a plane. - A locus of points given from one point called
- A conic section can be graphed on a coordinate the center.
plane. Radius
General Form of Conic Section - The distance from the center of the circle.
Ax2 Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Standard Form of a Circle
- If B2 – 4AC < 0, it is either a circle or an ellipse. - r2 = (x – h)2 + (y – k )2
- If B2 – 4AC = 0, it is a parabola.
- If B2 – 4AC > 0, it is a hyperbola. General Form of a Circle
- Circle – A & C ≠ 0
- x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 + k2 – r2 = 0
- Parabola – A = 0 or C = 0, but not both
- Ax2 Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
- Ellipse – A ≠ 0, AC > 0
➢ D = -2h
- Hyperbola – AC < 0
➢ E = -2k
Eccentricity of Conic Sections ➢ h = D / -2h
➢ k = E / -2k
- The eccentricity of the conic section is defined ➢ F = h2 + k2 – r2
as the distance from any point to its focus, 𝟏
➢ r = 𝟐 √𝑪𝟐 + 𝑫𝟐 − 𝟒𝑬
divided by the perpendicular distance from
that point to its nearest directrix. Radical Axis
- e = PF / PD
- Eccentricity = Point-Focus / Point-Directrix - Two (2) non-concentric circles is straight line
- e=c/a obtained by taking the difference between
- c = distance from the center to the focus two.
- a = distance from the center to the vertex
Properties
- Circle – 0
- Parabola – 1 1. If two (2) circles intersects in two (2) distinct
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2 points, their radical axis is their common
- Ellipse – 𝑎
and 0 < x < 1
chord.
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2
- Hyperbola – 𝑎
and x > 1
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 GHEOFF RICARE
10/23/20
PRE-CALCULUS (SECTION 1.1 & 1.2) & MODULE 3-4

2. If two (2) circles are tangent to each other,
then radical axis is the common tangent
(point).
3. The radical axis of two (2) circle is
perpendicular to their line of center.
a. C1 – C2 = (D1 – D2)x + (E1 – E2)y + (F1
– F2) = 0
- Axis of the Parabola – the line through the
focus and perpendicular to the directrix.
- Vertex – the point where the parabola crosses
its axis.
- Latus rectum – the chord drawn through the
focus and perpendicular to the axis of the
parabola. |4p|
- The general equation of a parabola is y = ax2 +
bx + c.. It can also be written in the even more
general form y = a(x – h)2 + k.

- Tangent Line – line that intersects a circle in

exactly one point.
- Point of Tangency – the point where the
intersection occurs.
- The tangent line is always perpendicular to the
radius draw to the point of tangency.
- Secant Line – a line that intersects a circle in
exactly two points.

PARABOLA
- Parabola – a set of all points in a plane
equidistant from fixed point and fixed line in
that plane.
- Focus – fixed point
- Directrix – fixed line

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