THEORY
1. Cognitive Theory - Jean Piaget
2. Socio-cultural Theory - Lev Vygotsky
3. Multiple Intelligence Theory – Howard Gardner
4. Information Processing Theory - George Miller
5. Connectionism Theory - Edward Lee Thorndike
6. Social Cognitive Theory - Albert Bandura
Submitted by: GINA HIMAYA S. MARTINEZ
STRENGTH
Piaget's Cognitive Theory has prompted more cognitive
development study. People's perceptions of a child's
world have shifted as a result of his theory.
The concept of zone of proximal development is the
most important application of Vygotsky's theory to
education. This concept is important because it can be
used by teachers to guide a child's development.
Vygotsky defined scaffolding instruction as the “role of
teachers and MKO in supporting the learners
development and providing support structures to get to
that next stage or level”.
Gardner's multiple intelligences theory can help
learners better understand how they learn because
humans excel in different areas. The idea can also
assist teachers in designing varied classroom activities
that provide learning opportunities for students with
various learning styles and multiple intelligences.
It provides you with a strategy for ensuring that your
students receive more than a passing knowledge of the
content we give. It aids in the retention of information
in their long-term memory for recall when needed.
The teacher can use it in the classroom by introducing
the concepts of pleasure and pain, as well as reward
and punishment. When a student makes a mistake and
is disciplined for it, he will not do it again for it caused
him to be disciplined.
Positive reinforcement and rewards can be used in the
classroom to encourage and teach desirable behaviors
according to social learning theory. A student who is
praised for raising their hand to speak, for example, is
likely to repeat that behavior.
WEAKNESS
According to several studies, Piaget's theory is based
on the observation of a few youngsters rather than the
entire population.
Vygotsky's hypothesis has been criticized for failing to
explain for some children's slower cognitive
maturation. Both passive experience and heredity are
thought to play a role.
Some critics claim that Gardner's concept of
intelligence is too wide, and that his eight
"intelligences" are nothing more than a collection of
talents, personality traits, and abilities. Gardner's
theory suffers from lack of empirical evidence.
One major flaw is that flow diagrams or computer
systems that anticipate behavior cannot always
accurately describe how human cognitive processes
work. There's a good chance that the differences
between computers and the human mind outnumber
the similarities.
Thorndike's "Law of Exercise" has been heavily
criticized because it ignores other factors such as
motives, interests, special training, and so on.
Mechanical repetition without a motive, interest,
significance, or understanding does not cause anyone
to learn or remember anything.
Some critics of social learning theory point to their
emphasis on the environment as the most important
factor influencing behavior. To define conduct purely in
terms of nature or nurture is restrictive, and attempts
to do so undervalue the complexity of human behavior.