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Project data
Project name KAMC
Project number
Author
Description
Date 10/13/2021
Design code AISC 360-16

Material
Steel A36
Concrete 4000 psi

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Project item Bracket for mullion ( WALL)

Design
Name Bracket for mullion ( WALL)
Description steel bracket on R.Concrete
Analysis Stress, strain/ loads in equilibrium
Design code AISC - LRFD 2016

Beams and columns

β – Direction γ - Pitch α - Rotation Offset ex Offset ey Offset ez X
Name Cross-section Forces in
[°] [°] [°] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
COL 5 - Plate 6, 120 90.0 -90.0 90.0 0 0 0 Bolts 100
PL2 5 - Plate 6, 120 90.0 -90.0 0.0 0 0 0 Bolts 100
M3 4 - RHS150x50 0.0 -90.0 0.0 -250 0 -100 Bolts 250

Cross-sections
Name Material
5 - Plate 6, 120 A36
4 - RHS150x50 A36

Anchors / Bolts
Diameter fu Gross area
Name Bolt assembly
[mm] [MPa] [mm2]
12 A325M 12 A325M 12 830.0 113
16 A325M 16 A325M 16 830.0 201

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Load effects (forces in equilibrium)

N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Name Member
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
Node#01 LC#06 COL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
PL2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
M3 10.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Node#325 LC#06 COL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
PL2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
M3 1.1 -1.6 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Foundation block
Item Value Unit
CB 1
Dimensions 780 x 876 mm
Depth 600 mm
Anchor 12 A325M
Anchoring length 100 mm
Shear force transfer Anchors

Check

Summary
Name Value Check status
Analysis 100.0% OK
Plates 0.0 < 5.0% OK
Bolts 9.5 < 100% OK
Anchors 19.8 < 100% OK
Welds 12.5 < 100% OK
Concrete block 1.3 < 100% OK
Buckling Not calculated

Plates
fy Thickness σEd εPl σcEd
Name Loads Check status
[MPa] [mm] [MPa] [%] [MPa]
COL-bfl 1 248.2 6.0 Node#325 LC#06 116.4 0.0 1.0 OK
PL2-bfl 1 248.2 6.0 Node#01 LC#06 52.6 0.0 0.2 OK
M3 248.2 7.0 Node#325 LC#06 42.0 0.0 0.0 OK
BP1 248.2 6.0 Node#01 LC#06 95.3 0.0 0.0 OK

Design data

fy εlim
Material
[MPa] [%]
A36 248.2 5.0

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Overall check, Node#325 LC#06

Strain check, Node#325 LC#06

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Equivalent stress, Node#325 LC#06

Strain check, LE1

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Equivalent stress, LE1

Equivalent strain, LE1

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Stress in concrete, LE1

Equivalent stress, LE1

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Bolts
Ft V ϕRn,bearing Utt Uts Utts
Shape Item Grade Loads Status
[kN] [kN] [kN] [%] [%] [%]

B3 16 A325M - 1 Node#325 LC#06 0.5 5.3 69.1 0.5 9.5 - OK

Design data
ϕRn,tension ϕRn,shear
Grade
[kN] [kN]
16 A325M - 1 93.5 56.1

Detailed result for B3

Tension resistance check (AISC 360-16: J3-1)

ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =  93.5 kN ≥ Ft =  0.5 kN

Where:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – nominal tensile stress from AISC 360-16 Table J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2 – gross bolt cross-sectional area
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor

Shear resistance check (AISC 360-16: J3-1)

ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =  56.1 kN ≥ V =  5.3 kN

Where:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – nominal shear stress from AISC 360-16 Table J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2 – gross bolt cross-sectional area
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor

Bearing resistance check (AISC 360-16: J3-6)

Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu   ≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu  

ϕRn =  69.1 kN ≥ V =  5.3 kN

Where:
lc = 91 mm – clear distance, in the direction of the force, between the edge of the hole and the edge of the
adjacent hole or edge of the material
t = 6 mm – thickness of the plate
d = 16 mm – diameter of a bolt

Fu = 400.0 MPa – tensile strength of the connected material

ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor for bearing at bolt holes

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Interaction of tension and shear check (AISC 360-16: J3-2)

The required stress, in either shear or tension, is less than or equal to 30% of the corresponding available stress and the effects of

combined stresses need not to be investigated.

Anchors
Nf V ϕNcbg ϕVcbg ϕVcp Utt Uts Utts
Shape Item Loads Status
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [%] [%] [%]

A1 Node#01 LC#06 1.9 4.7 53.3 53.1 103.5 8.0 19.1 7.8 OK

A2 Node#01 LC#06 2.3 5.4 53.3 53.1 103.5 8.0 19.8 8.2 OK

Design data

ϕNsa ϕVsa
Grade
[kN] [kN]
12 A325M - 2 49.0 27.3

Detailed result for A1

Anchor tensile resistance (ACI 318-14 – 17.4.1)

ϕNsa = ϕ ⋅ Ase,N ⋅ futa =  49.0 kN ≥ Nf =  1.9 kN

Where:
ϕ = 0.70 – resistance factor

Ase,N = 84 mm2 – tensile stress area

futa = 830.0 MPa – specified tensile strength of anchor steel:
futa = min(860 MPa, 1.9 ⋅ fya ,  fu )  , where:
fya =  660.0 MPa – specified yield strength of anchor steel
fu =  830.0 MPa – specified ultimate strength of anchor steel

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Concrete breakout resistance of anchor in tension (ACI 318-14 – 17.4.2)

The check is performed for group of anchors that form common tension breakout cone: A1, A2

AN c
ϕNcbg = ϕ ⋅ AN c0 ⋅ Ψed,N ⋅ Ψec,N ⋅ Ψc,N ⋅ Nb =  53.3 kN ≥ Nf g =  4.3 kN
Where:
Nf g = 4.3 kN – sum of tension forces of anchors with common concrete breakout cone area
ϕ = 0.70 – resistance factor

AN c = 136500 mm2 – concrete breakout cone area for group of anchors

AN c0 = 90000 mm2 – concrete breakout cone area for single anchor not influenced by edges
Ψed,N = 1.00 – modification factor for edge distance:

Ψed,N = min(0.7 + 0.3⋅c

1.5⋅hef , 1)  , where:
a,min

ca,min =  358 mm – minimum distance from the anchor to the edge

hef = min(hemb , max( ca,max s
1.5 , 3 )) =  100 mm – depth of embedment, where:
hemb =  100 mm – anchor length
ca,max =  390 mm – maximum distance from the anchor to one of the three closest edges
s =  155 mm – maximum spacing between anchors

Ψec,N = 0.96 – modification factor for eccentrically loaded group of anchors

Ψec,N = Ψecx,N ⋅ Ψecy,N   , where:

Ψecx,N = 2⋅e1 x,N =  1.00 – modification factor that depends on eccentricity in x-direction
1+ 3⋅hef

ex,N =  0 mm – tension load eccentricity in x-direction

Ψecy,N = 2⋅e1 y,N =  0.96 – modification factor that depends on eccentricity in y-direction
1+ 3⋅hef

ey,N =  7 mm – tension load eccentricity in y-direction

hef =  100 mm – depth of embedment

Ψc,N = 1.00 – modification factor for concrete conditions

Nb = 52.5 kN – basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension:

Nb = kc ⋅ λa ⋅ fc′ ⋅ h1.5
ef   , where:
kc =  10.0 – coefficient for cast-in anchors
λa =  1.00 – modification factor for lightweight concrete
fc′ =  27.6 MPa – concrete compressive strength
hef =  100 mm – depth of embedment

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Shear resistance (ACI 318-14 – 17.5.1)

ϕVsa = ϕ ⋅ 0.6 ⋅ Ase,V ⋅ futa =  27.3 kN ≥ V =  4.7 kN

Where:
ϕ = 0.65 – resistance factor
Ase,V = 84 mm2 – tensile stress area

futa = 830.0 MPa – specified tensile strength of anchor steel:

futa = min(860 MPa, 1.9 ⋅ fya ,  fu )  , where:

fya =  660.0 MPa – specified yield strength of anchor steel
fu =  830.0 MPa – specified ultimate strength of anchor steel

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Concrete shear breakout check (ACI 318-14 – 17.5.2)

The check is performed for group of anchors that form common shear breakout cone: A1, A2

AV c
ϕVcbg = ϕ ⋅ AV c0 ⋅ Ψec,V ⋅ Ψed,V ⋅ Ψc,V ⋅ Ψh,V ⋅ Ψα,V ⋅ Vbr =  53.1 kN ≥ Vg =  10.1 kN
Where:
Vg = 10.1 kN – sum of shear forces of anchors on common base plate

ϕ = 0.65 – resistance factor

AV c = 512460 mm2 – projected concrete failure area of an anchor or group of anchors
AV c0 = 684450 mm2 – projected concrete failure area of one anchor when not limited by corner influences, spacing or
member thickness
Ψec,V = 1.00 – modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in shear:

1
Ψec,V = 2⋅e′
  , where:
1+ 3⋅c V
a1
e′V =  0 mm – shear load eccentricity
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load

Ψed,V = 0.88 – modification factor for edge effect:

ca2
Ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 ⋅ 1.5⋅c a1
≤ 1  , where:
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load
ca2 =  358 mm – edge distance in direction perpendicular to the load

Ψc,V = 1.00 – modification factor for concrete conditions

Ψh,V = 1.00 – modification factor for anchors located in a shallow concrete member:

1.5⋅ca1
Ψh,V = ha ≥ 1  , where:
ha =  600 mm – thickness of member in which an anchor is anchored measured parallel to anchor axis

Ψα,V = 1.00 – modification factor for anchors loaded at an angle with the concrete edge

1
Ψα,V = (cos αV )2 +(0.5⋅sin αV )2   , where:
αV =  0.0 ° – angle between direction of shear force and direction perpendicular to concrete edge

Vb = 123.4 kN – basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in shear:

Vb = min(0.6 ⋅ ( dlea )0.2 ⋅ λa ⋅ da ⋅ fc′ ⋅ c1.5

a1 , 9 ⋅ λa ⋅ fc′ ⋅ c1.5
a1 )  , where:
le =  96 mm – effective length
da =  12 mm – anchor diameter
λa =  1.00 – modification factor for lightweight concrete
fc′ =  27.6 MPa – concrete compressive strength
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load

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Concrete pryout resistance (ACI 318-14 – 17.5.3)

The check is performed for group of anchors on common base plate

ϕVcp = ϕ ⋅ kcp ⋅ Ncp =  103.5 kN ≥ Vg =  10.1 kN

Where:
ϕ = 0.65 – resistance factor

kcp = 2.00 – concrete pry-out factor

Ncp = 79.6 kN – concrete cone tension break-out resistance in case all anchors are in tension
Vg = 10.1 kN – sum of shear forces of anchors on common base plate

Interaction of tensile and shear forces (ACI 318-14 – R17.6)

Utt 5/3 + Uts 5/3 =  0.08 ≤ 1.0

Where:
Utt = 0.08 – maximum ratio of factored tensile force and tensile resistance determined from all appropriate failure
modes
Uts = 0.19 – maximum ratio of factored shear force and shear resistance determined from all appropriate failure modes

Detailed result for A2

Anchor tensile resistance (ACI 318-14 – 17.4.1)

ϕNsa = ϕ ⋅ Ase,N ⋅ futa =  49.0 kN ≥ Nf =  2.3 kN

Where:
ϕ = 0.70 – resistance factor
Ase,N = 84 mm2 – tensile stress area

futa = 830.0 MPa – specified tensile strength of anchor steel:

futa = min(860 MPa, 1.9 ⋅ fya ,  fu )  , where:
fya =  660.0 MPa – specified yield strength of anchor steel
fu =  830.0 MPa – specified ultimate strength of anchor steel

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Concrete breakout resistance of anchor in tension (ACI 318-14 – 17.4.2)

The check is performed for group of anchors that form common tension breakout cone: A1, A2

AN c
ϕNcbg = ϕ ⋅ AN c0 ⋅ Ψed,N ⋅ Ψec,N ⋅ Ψc,N ⋅ Nb =  53.3 kN ≥ Nf g =  4.3 kN
Where:
Nf g = 4.3 kN – sum of tension forces of anchors with common concrete breakout cone area
ϕ = 0.70 – resistance factor

AN c = 136500 mm2 – concrete breakout cone area for group of anchors

AN c0 = 90000 mm2 – concrete breakout cone area for single anchor not influenced by edges
Ψed,N = 1.00 – modification factor for edge distance:

Ψed,N = min(0.7 + 0.3⋅c

1.5⋅hef , 1)  , where:
a,min

ca,min =  358 mm – minimum distance from the anchor to the edge

hef = min(hemb , max( ca,max s
1.5 , 3 )) =  100 mm – depth of embedment, where:
hemb =  100 mm – anchor length
ca,max =  390 mm – maximum distance from the anchor to one of the three closest edges
s =  155 mm – maximum spacing between anchors

Ψec,N = 0.96 – modification factor for eccentrically loaded group of anchors

Ψec,N = Ψecx,N ⋅ Ψecy,N   , where:

Ψecx,N = 2⋅e1 x,N =  1.00 – modification factor that depends on eccentricity in x-direction
1+ 3⋅hef

ex,N =  0 mm – tension load eccentricity in x-direction

Ψecy,N = 2⋅e1 y,N =  0.96 – modification factor that depends on eccentricity in y-direction
1+ 3⋅hef

ey,N =  7 mm – tension load eccentricity in y-direction

hef =  100 mm – depth of embedment

Ψc,N = 1.00 – modification factor for concrete conditions

Nb = 52.5 kN – basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension:

Nb = kc ⋅ λa ⋅ fc′ ⋅ h1.5
ef   , where:
kc =  10.0 – coefficient for cast-in anchors
λa =  1.00 – modification factor for lightweight concrete
fc′ =  27.6 MPa – concrete compressive strength
hef =  100 mm – depth of embedment

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Shear resistance (ACI 318-14 – 17.5.1)

ϕVsa = ϕ ⋅ 0.6 ⋅ Ase,V ⋅ futa =  27.3 kN ≥ V =  5.4 kN

Where:
ϕ = 0.65 – resistance factor
Ase,V = 84 mm 2 – tensile stress area
futa = 830.0 MPa – specified tensile strength of anchor steel:

futa = min(860 MPa, 1.9 ⋅ fya ,  fu )  , where:

fya =  660.0 MPa – specified yield strength of anchor steel
fu =  830.0 MPa – specified ultimate strength of anchor steel

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Concrete shear breakout check (ACI 318-14 – 17.5.2)

The check is performed for group of anchors that form common shear breakout cone: A1, A2

AV c
ϕVcbg = ϕ ⋅ AV c0 ⋅ Ψec,V ⋅ Ψed,V ⋅ Ψc,V ⋅ Ψh,V ⋅ Ψα,V ⋅ Vbr =  53.1 kN ≥ Vg =  10.1 kN
Where:
Vg = 10.1 kN – sum of shear forces of anchors on common base plate
ϕ = 0.65 – resistance factor
AV c = 512460 mm2 – projected concrete failure area of an anchor or group of anchors

AV c0 = 684450 mm2 – projected concrete failure area of one anchor when not limited by corner influences, spacing or
member thickness
Ψec,V = 1.00 – modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in shear:

1
Ψec,V = 2⋅e′
  , where:
1+ 3⋅c V
a1
e′V =  0 mm – shear load eccentricity
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load

Ψed,V = 0.88 – modification factor for edge effect:

ca2
Ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 ⋅ 1.5⋅c a1
≤ 1  , where:
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load
ca2 =  358 mm – edge distance in direction perpendicular to the load

Ψc,V = 1.00 – modification factor for concrete conditions

Ψh,V = 1.00 – modification factor for anchors located in a shallow concrete member:

1.5⋅ca1
Ψh,V = ha ≥ 1  , where:
ha =  600 mm – thickness of member in which an anchor is anchored measured parallel to anchor axis

Ψα,V = 1.00 – modification factor for anchors loaded at an angle with the concrete edge

1
Ψα,V = (cos αV )2 +(0.5⋅sin αV )2   , where:
αV =  0.0 ° – angle between direction of shear force and direction perpendicular to concrete edge

Vb = 123.4 kN – basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in shear:

Vb = min(0.6 ⋅ ( dlea )0.2 ⋅ λa ⋅ da ⋅ fc′ ⋅ c1.5

a1 , 9 ⋅ λa ⋅ fc′ ⋅ c1.5
a1 )  , where:
le =  96 mm – effective length
da =  12 mm – anchor diameter
λa =  1.00 – modification factor for lightweight concrete
fc′ =  27.6 MPa – concrete compressive strength
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load
ca1 =  390 mm – edge distance in direction of the load

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Concrete pryout resistance (ACI 318-14 – 17.5.3)

The check is performed for group of anchors on common base plate

ϕVcp = ϕ ⋅ kcp ⋅ Ncp =  103.5 kN ≥ Vg =  10.1 kN

Where:
ϕ = 0.65 – resistance factor
kcp = 2.00 – concrete pry-out factor
Ncp = 79.6 kN – concrete cone tension break-out resistance in case all anchors are in tension
Vg = 10.1 kN – sum of shear forces of anchors on common base plate

Interaction of tensile and shear forces (ACI 318-14 – R17.6)

Utt 5/3 + Uts 5/3 =  0.08 ≤ 1.0

Where:
Utt = 0.08 – maximum ratio of factored tensile force and tensile resistance determined from all appropriate failure
modes
Uts = 0.20 – maximum ratio of factored shear force and shear resistance determined from all appropriate failure modes

Weld sections
Th Ls L Lc Fn ϕRn Ut
Item Edge Xu Loads Status
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [%]
BP1 COL-bfl 1 E70xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 120 15 Node#01 LC#06 2.0 17.2 11.6 OK
E70xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 120 15 Node#01 LC#06 1.6 18.1 8.7 OK
BP1 PL2-bfl 1 E70xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 120 15 Node#01 LC#06 2.2 17.3 12.5 OK
E70xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 120 15 Node#01 LC#06 1.6 18.2 8.7 OK

Detailed result for BP1 / COL-bfl 1 - 1

Weld resistance check (AISC 360-16: J2-4)

ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnw ⋅ Awe =  17.2 kN ≥ Fn =  2.0 kN

Where:
Fnw = 360.8 MPa – nominal stress of weld material:

Fnw = 0.6 ⋅ FEXX ⋅ (1 + 0.5 ⋅ sin1.5 θ)  , where:

FEXX =  482.6 MPa – electrode classification number, i.e. minimum specified tensile strength
θ =  38.5° – angle of loading measured from the weld longitudinal axis

Awe = 63 mm2 – effective area of weld critical element

ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor for welded connections

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Detailed result for BP1 / COL-bfl 1 - 2

Weld resistance check (AISC 360-16: J2-4)

ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnw ⋅ Awe =  18.1 kN ≥ Fn =  1.6 kN

Where:
Fnw = 380.4 MPa – nominal stress of weld material:

Fnw = 0.6 ⋅ FEXX ⋅ (1 + 0.5 ⋅ sin1.5 θ)  , where:

FEXX =  482.6 MPa – electrode classification number, i.e. minimum specified tensile strength
θ =  47.1° – angle of loading measured from the weld longitudinal axis

Awe = 63 mm2 – effective area of weld critical element

ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor for welded connections

Detailed result for BP1 / PL2-bfl 1 - 1

Weld resistance check (AISC 360-16: J2-4)

ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnw ⋅ Awe =  17.3 kN ≥ Fn =  2.2 kN

Where:
Fnw = 363.8 MPa – nominal stress of weld material:

Fnw = 0.6 ⋅ FEXX ⋅ (1 + 0.5 ⋅ sin1.5 θ)  , where:

FEXX =  482.6 MPa – electrode classification number, i.e. minimum specified tensile strength
θ =  39.8° – angle of loading measured from the weld longitudinal axis

Awe = 63 mm2 – effective area of weld critical element

ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor for welded connections

Detailed result for BP1 / PL2-bfl 1 - 2

Weld resistance check (AISC 360-16: J2-4)

ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnw ⋅ Awe =  18.2 kN ≥ Fn =  1.6 kN

Where:
Fnw = 383.4 MPa – nominal stress of weld material:

Fnw = 0.6 ⋅ FEXX ⋅ (1 + 0.5 ⋅ sin1.5 θ)  , where:

FEXX =  482.6 MPa – electrode classification number, i.e. minimum specified tensile strength
θ =  48.5° – angle of loading measured from the weld longitudinal axis

Awe = 63 mm2 – effective area of weld critical element

ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor for welded connections

Concrete block
A1 A2 σ Ut
Item Loads Status
[mm2] [mm2] [MPa] [%]
CB 1 Node#325 LC#06 26472 522643 0.4 1.3 OK

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Detailed result for CB 1

Concrete block compressive resistance check (AISC 360-16 Section J8)

ϕc fp,max =  30.5 MPa ≥ σ =  0.4 MPa

Where:
fp,max = 46.9 MPa – concrete block design bearing strength:

fp,max = 0.85 ⋅ fc′ ⋅ A2

A1 ≤ 1.7 ⋅ fc′   , where:
fc′ =  27.6 MPa – concrete compressive strength
A1 =  26472 mm2 – base plate area in contact with concrete surface
A2 =  522643 mm2 – concrete supporting surface

ϕc = 0.65 – resistance factor for concrete

Buckling
Buckling analysis was not calculated.

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Symbol explanation
Symbol Symbol explanation
εPl Strain
fy Yield strength
εlim Limit of plastic strain
Ft Tension force
V Resultant of shear forces Vy, Vz in bolt
ϕRnBearing Plate bearing resistance AISC 360-16 J3.10
Ut Utilization
Uts Utilization in shear
Utts Utilization in tension and shear EN 1993-1-8 table 3.4
ϕRnBearing Bolt bearing resistance
ϕRnShear Bolt shear resistance AISC 360-16 – J3.8
Nf Tension force
ϕNcbg Concrete breakout strength in tension – ACI 318-14 – 17.4.2
ϕVcbg Concrete breakout strength in shear – ACI 318-14 – 17.5.2
ϕVcp Concrete pryout strength in shear – ACI 318-14 – 17.5.3
ϕNsa Steel strength in tension – ACI 318-14 – 17.4.1
φVsa Steel strength in shear – ACI 318-14 – 17.5.1
Th Throat thickness of weld
Ls Leg size of weld
L Length of weld
Lc Length of critical weld element
Fn Force in weld critical element
ϕRnw Weld resistance AISC 360-16 J2.4
A1 Loaded area
A2 Supporting area
σ Average stress in concrete

Code settings
Item Value Unit Reference
Friction coefficient - concrete 0.40 - ACI 349 – B.6.1.4
Friction coefficient in slip-resistance 0.30 - AISC 360-16 J3.8
Limit plastic strain 0.05 -
Plastic
Weld stress evaluation
redistribution
Detailing No
Distance between bolts [d] 2.66 - AISC 360-16 – J3.3
Distance between bolts and edge [d] 1.25 - AISC 360-16 – J.3.4
Concrete breakout resistance check Both
Base metal capacity check at weld fusion
No AISC 360-16: J2-2
face

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Item Value Unit Reference

Cracked concrete Yes ACI 318-14 – Chapter 17
Local deformation check No
Local deformation limit 0.03 - CIDECT DG 1, 3 - 1.1
Analysis with large deformations for hollow section
Geometrical nonlinearity (GMNA) Yes
joints

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Theoretical Background
CBFEM versus AISC 360
The weak point of standard design method is in analyzing of internal forces and stress in a joint. CBFEM replaces specific analysis
of internal forces in joint with general FEA.

Check methods of specific components like bolts or welds are done according to standard AISC 360.
For the fasteners – bolts and welds – special FEM components had to be developed to model the welds and bolts behaviour in the
connection. All parts of 1D members and all additional plates are modeled as plate/walls. These elements are made of steel (metal
in general) and the behaviour of this material is significantly nonlinear.
The real stress-strain diagram of steel is replaced by the ideal plastic material for design purposes in building practice. The
advantage of ideal plastic material is, that only yield strength and modulus of elasticity must be known to describe the material
curve. The yield strength is multiplied by resistance factor (LRFD) or divided by safety factor (ASD) – AISC 360, Appendix 1. The
granted ductility of construction steel is 15 %. The real usable value of limit plastic strain is 5% for ordinary design (EN 1993-1-5
appendix C paragraph C.8 note 1).
The stress in steel cannot exceed the yield strength when using the ideal elastic-plastic stress-strain diagram.

Real tension curve and the ideal elastic-plastic diagram of material

CBFEM method aims to model the real state precisely. Meshes of plates / walls are not merged, no intersections are generated
between them, unlike it is used to when modeling structures and buildings. Mesh of finite elements is generated on each individual
plate independently on mesh of other plates.
Between the meshes, special massless force interpolation constraints are added. They ensure the connection between the edge of
one plate and the surface or edge of the other plate.
This unique calculation model provides very good results – both for the point of view of precision and of the analysis speed. The
method is protected by patent.
The steel base plate is placed loosely on the concrete foundation. It is a contact element in the analysis model – the connection
resists compression fully, but does not resist tension.

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Stress-strain diagram of contact between the concrete block and the base plate

The concrete block in CBFEM is modeled using Winkler-Pasternak subsoil model. The stiffness of subsoil is determined using
modulus of elasticity of concrete and effective height of subsoil. The concrete block is not designed by CBFEM method.

Welds are modeled using a special elastoplastic element, which is added to the interpolation links between the plates. The element
respects the weld throat thickness, position and orientation. The plasticity state is controlled by stresses in the weld throat section.
The plastic redistribution of stress in welds allows for stress peaks to be redistributed along the longer part of the weld.

Bolted connection consists of two or more clasped plates and one or more bolts. Plates are placed loosely on each other.
A contact element is inserted between plates in the analysis model, which acts only in compression. No forces are carried in
tension.

Shear force is taken by bearing. Special model for its transferring in the force direction only is implemented. IDEA StatiCa
Connection can check bolts for interaction of shear and tension. The bolt behavior is implemented according to the following picture.

Bolt – tension

Symbols explanation:

K – linear stiffness of bolt,

Kp – stiffness of bolt at plastic branch,
Flt – limit force for linear behaviour of bolt,
Ft,Rd – limit bolt resistance,
ul – limit deformation of bolt.

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Bolt – interaction of shear and tension

Loads
End forces of member of the frame analysis model are transferred to the ends of member segments. Eccentricities of members
caused by the joint design are respected during load transfer.
The analysis model created by CBFEM method corresponds to the real joint very precisely, whereas the analysis of internal forces
is performed on very idealised 3D FEM bar model, where individual beams are modeled using centrelines and the joints are
modeled using immaterial nodes.

Joint of a vertical column and a horizontal beam

Internal forces are analysed using 1D members in 3D model. There is an example of courses of internal forces in the following
picture.

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Internal forces in horizontal beam. M and V are the end forces at joint.

The effects caused by member on the joint are important to design the connection. The effects are illustrated in the following
picture.

Effects of the member on the joint. CBFEM model is drawn in dark blue color.

Moment M and shear force V act in a theoretical joint. The point of theoretical joint does not exist in CBFEM model, thus the load
cannot be applied here. The model must be loaded by actions M and V, which have to be transferred to the end of segment in the
distance r.
Mc = M − V · r
Vc = V
In CBFEM model, the end section of segment is loaded by moment Mc and force Vc.

Welds
Fillet welds
The design strength, ϕRn and the allowable strength, Rn/Ω of welded joints are evaluated in connection weld check.
ϕ = 0.75     (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00     (ASD)
Available strength of welded joints is evaluated according to AISC 360 – J2.4:
Rn = FnwAwe
Fnw = 0.60 FEXX (1.0 + 0.50 sin1.5Θ)
where

F nw – nominal stress of weld material,

A we – effective area of the weld,
F EXX – electrode classification number, i.e., minimum specified tensile strength,

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Θ – angle of loading measured from the weld longitudinal axis.

For long welds and welding to unstiffened flanges or webs of rectangular hollow sections, the weld material model is fine-tuned so
that no reduction factor is necessary. The weld resistance is governed by most stressed weld element.

CJP groove welds

AISC Specification Table J2.5 identifies four loading conditions that might be associated with JP groove welds, and shows that the
strength of the joint is either controlled by the base metal or that the loads need not be considered in the design of the welds
connecting the parts. Accordingly, when CJP groove welds are made with matching-strength filler metal, the strength of a
connection is governed or controlled by the base metal, and no checks on the weld strength are required.

Bolts
Tensile and shear strength of bolts
The design tensile or shear strength, ϕRn, and the allowable tensile or shear strength, Rn / Ω of a snug-tightened bolt is determined
according to the limit states of tension rupture and shear rupture as follows:
Rn = FnAb
ϕ = 0.75     (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00     (ASD)
where

A b – nominal unthreaded body area of bolt or threaded part,

F n – nominal tensile stress, Fnt, or shear stress, Fnv, from Table J3.2.

The tensile force, against which the required tensile strength is checked, includes any tension resulting from prying action produced
by deformation of the connected parts.

Combined Tension and shear in bearing type connection

The available tensile strength of a bolt subjected to combined tension and shear is determined according to the limit states of
tension and shear rupture as follows:
Rn = F'ntAb     (AISC 360 J3-2)
ϕ = 0.75     (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00     (ASD)
F'nt = 1.3 Fnt − frvFnt / ϕFnv     (AISC 360 J3-3a LRFD)
F'nt = 1.3 Fnt − frvΩ Fnt / Fnv     (AISC 360 J3-3b ASD)
where

F' nt – nominal tensile stress modified to include the effects of shear stress,
F nt – nominal tensile stress from AISC 360 – Tab. J3.2,
F nv – nominal shear stress from AISC 360 – Tab. J3.2,
f rv – required shear stress using LRFD or ASD load combinations. The available shear stress of the fastener shall be equal
or exceed the required shear stress, frv.

Bearing strength in bolt holes

The available bearing strength, ϕRn and Rn/Ω at bolt holes is determined for the limit state of bearing as follows:
For a bolt in a connection with standard holes:
Rn = 1.2 lctFu ≤ 2.4 d t Fu     (AISC 360 J3-6a, c)
For a bolt in a connection with slotted holes:
Rn = 1.0 lct Fu ≤ 2.0 d t Fu     (AISC 360 J3-6e, f)
ϕ = 0.75     (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00     (ASD)

where

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F u – specified minimum tensile strength of the connected material,

d – nominal bolt diameter,
l c – clear distance, in the direction of the force, between the edge of the hole and the edge of the adjacent hole or edge of
the material,
t – thickness of connected material.

Preloaded bolts
The design slip resistance of a preloaded class A325 or A490 bolt with of effect of tensile force, Ft,Ed according to AISC 360 – J3.9.
Preloading force to be used AISC 360 – Tab. J3.1.
Tb = 0.7 fubAs
Design slip resistance per bolt AISC 360 – J3.8
Rn = 1.13 μ TbNs
Utilisation in shear [%]:
Uts = V / Rn
where

A s – tensile stress area of the bolt,

f ub – ultimate tensile strength,
μ – mean slip factor coefficient,
N s – number of the friction surfaces. Check is calculated for each friction surface separately,
V – shear force.

Anchors
The anchor bolt element is elastic-plastic with significant strain hardening. The maximum steel tensile resistance is expected at the
strain which equals to 0.25 × guaranteed elongation. The failure mode due to concrete cracking may occur before the anchor steel
tensile resistance is reached and is considered as a completely brittle failure.
Similarly, the steel components in shear (anchor bolt, base plate in bearing) are able to yield but failure modes connected with
concrete cracking may occur suddenly as a brittle failure.
All standards use Concrete Capacity Design method developed by prof. R. Eligehausen at University of Stuttgart. The theory is
based on vast experimental and numerical testing mostly on unreinforced concrete blocks and relatively short, often post-installed,
anchors.
Anchorage is designed according to ACI 318-14 – Chapter 17. The design is available only for LRFD. Some failure modes (e.g.
steel resistance) are evaluated for single anchors, others (e.g. concrete breakout) are checked for group of anchors.

Software info
Application IDEA StatiCa Connection
Version 21.1.1.1638
Developed by IDEA StatiCa

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