1. The interdisciplinary study of useful matter is known as materials science and engineering.

It solves
real-world challenges in nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, energy,
manufacturing, and other important engineering fields by combining engineering, physics, and
chemistry principles. It is derived from two ideas: materials science and materials engineering. Finally,
materials science and engineering fosters innovation in everything from aircraft to health, in both
research and industry. All other science and engineering disciplines rely on it.

2. According to Callister, materials science is the study of the links that exist between the structures and
properties of materials. It establishes connections between nature (chemistry and structure) and
qualities (mechanical, environmental, thermal, electrical, optical, and magnetic), as well as between
preparation (synthesis and processing) and nature. Materials engineering, on the other hand, is the
process of developing or engineering a material's structure to create a predetermined set of attributes
based on these structure–property correlations.

1. Natural gas is a fossil fuel that was created deep beneath the surface of the earth. It consists of a
combination of hydrocarbon-rich gases. All of these gases are found in the atmosphere naturally.
Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel on the planet, because it is colorless and odorless in its pure form.
There are four hydrocarbon atoms and one carbon atom in it.

4. Natural gas, like oil, is made up of decayed organic materials deposited over 550 million years, mostly
by ancient marine bacteria. On the sea floor, this biological material combined with mud, silt, and sand,
eventually becoming buried. The organic matter was sealed in an oxygen-free environment and exposed
to increasing amounts of heat and pressure, which caused it to break down into hydrocarbons. Natural
gas is made up of the lightest of these hydrocarbons that exist in a gaseous state under normal
conditions. Natural gas is a colorless, odorless gas made largely of methane in its purest form. Methane,

The most basic and lightest hydrocarbon is a highly combustible chemical made up of hydrogen and
oxygen. Four hydrogen atoms surround one carbon atom. Natural gas's fate is sealed once it is formed.

depends on two key properties of the surrounding rock: porosity and permeability

permeability. The quantity of empty space within the grains is referred to as porosity.

of a stone Sandstones, for example, have porosities of around 5 percent.

They have enormous amounts of room to hold fluids including oil, water, and gas, ranging from 5% to
25%. The degree to which the pore spaces of a rock are interconnected is measured by permeability. A
highly permeable rock allows gas and liquids to flow freely through it, whereas a low-permeability rock
prevents fluids from passing through.