Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

10
Z est for P rogress

Z eal of P artnership

English
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Artistic Value of the Structure
and Elements of the Selection

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
English – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Artistic Value of the Structure and Elements of the Selection
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Hannah O. Osario
Editors: Cristina G. Columbres
Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd
Reviewer: Valeriafides G. Corteza, PhD
Layout Artist: Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd
Management Team:
Roy C. Tuballa, EMD.JD.CESO VI
Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
Norma T. Francisco, DM
Mildred D. Dayao, Ed.D.
Valeriafides G. Corteza, PhD
Aida Coyme, Ed. D.

PrintedininthethePhilippinesby ________________________
of –
Department ofEducation Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula

Office Address: ____________________________________________

Office Address: Pres. Corazon C. Aquino Regional Government
____________________________________________
Center, Balintawak, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del
Telefax: ____________________________________________
Sur Province 7016
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
Telefax: (062) 215-3753, 215-3751, 991-1907, 215-3789
E-mail Address: region9@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

Just as all your body parts are important to make up your entire body, so are all the
literary elements needed to make one good literary selection or story. Simply put, a good story
has all the needed elements. It is, therefore, necessary for you to learn the different elements of a
story. In doing so, you may be able to appreciate a story better when you read one.

Additionally, understanding how and why a story is structured or formed in a certain

way is important. It allows you to draw essential connections among the elements that make
up a story.

This module is made to help you value or appreciate the artistic value of a story or
selection. To do that, you will have to:

a. name the basic elements of a story; and

b. identify the different structures of a story.

What I Know

Directions: Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet.

1. Which among the following statements is TRUE about a

story?
A. A story may be based on real-life events.
B. A story may be a make-belief.
C. A story may be read or watched.
D. All the statements are true.

2. Which among the following is NOT a basic element of a story?

A. Character
B. Setting
C. Audience
D. Plot

3. Identify which statement refers to the CONFLICT element.

A. This element refers to the people or animals involved in the story.
B. This element refers to the problems or complications in the story.
C. This element refers to the sequence of events or happenings in the story.
D. This element refers to the place and time where and when the story happened.

4. The following are parts of an element called PLOT. Identify which one is NOT.
A. Temptation C. Climax
B. Denouement D. Introduction

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 5. The evil stepmother had to pay the price for her cruelty. What kind of
CHARACTER is reflected in the statement?
A. Protagonist C. Helper
B. Hero D. Antagonist

6. "A thousand years ago…" What type of SETTING is shown in the line?
A. Time C. Social condition
B. Place D. Weather condition
7. Why is there a need to look into the elements when one tries to understand a story?
A. The elements add artistic value and make a story complete and sensible to help
the reader appreciate it better.
B. The elements dictate which type of reader or audience is appropriate to read or
watch a specific story.
C. The elements reflect the values and beliefs of the writer.
D. The elements are always dependent on the story.

Read the following events. Identify and label the beginning event as B, middle event as M,
and end part as E. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

______ While health practitioners, pharmaceutical experts, and different government agencies
work hand-in-hand to combat the health crisis, a lot had to be paused or rescheduled.

______ Finally, hopes of vaccines to counter the threats of the virus are in sight. It's a matter
of time before the world ultimately wins against this health crisis.

______ It all began as an outbreak in one of the Asian countries. News channels reported on
different causes behind the virus. When the second quarter of the year 2020 came, the virus
has affected millions of people worldwide.

Lesson APPRECIATE OVERALL ARTISTIC VALUE OF

THE STRUCTURE AND ELEMENTS OF THE
1 SELECTION (STRUCTURALIST/FORMALIST)
A literary selection or story depicts real-life events (non-fiction) or imaginary (fiction)
happenings. It is used to entertain, teach life-lessons, convey meanings, or make readers
aware of important human conditions.

For a writer to successfully convey a story's message, he/she uses elements such as
characters, setting, plot, conflict, and theme. These elements are keys to a good story. When
readers can successfully identify and understand how these elements are presented and used
in a story, they begin to appreciate the work a lot better.

The basic element of a story is the character. A person, animal, or anything that is
personified in a story is called a character. A character can either be a protagonist or an
antagonist. A protagonist is a central character in a story. All major events in a story involve

2
the protagonist. The antagonist, on the other hand, is usually the enemy of the central character.
A good policeman who defends innocent people can be an example of a protagonist in a story,
while the bad guys who go against the good policeman are the antagonists.
Moreover, characters in a story can either be dynamic or static. For instance, an
antagonist can be a dynamic character that changes from being evil to being an ally of the
central character towards the end of a story. A dynamic character, in other words, is one that
changes the story. A character that remains the same or does not undergo changes during the
story is called a static character.

Another important element of a story is the setting. The place, time, weather condition,
social condition, and mood or atmosphere of a story are generally called setting. It tells the
readers where (place) and when (time, weather condition) the story happened. Commonly, stories
begin with opening statements like "One warm day, in a village called Hermosa…" Note that the
word "warm" is referred to the weather condition when the story happened; the word "day"
indicates the time; and "Hermosa village" is the place setting. Moreover, the setting allows the
readers to picture the characters' daily lives (social condition). The readers' feelings (mood or
atmosphere) felt as they read the story are also part of the setting.

The plot is the main structure of a story because it details how the series of events are
presented. It comprises five parts – introduction/exposition, rising action, climax/turning
point, falling action, and resolution/denouement. In the introduction/exposition, the
characters, background, and setting are revealed. In the rising action, events in the story
become complicated, and the conflict is revealed. The climax/turning point is the most
exciting part of the story. In this stage, the protagonist takes on significant decisions that will
change his/her fate. When the event and complications in the story start to fall into the right
places, the story is said to have reached the falling action. The outcome of the story is called
resolution/denouement.

A story usually has problems or complications, generally called conflict. There are
two types of conflict – internal and external. When a character conflicts with oneself, the
complication happens within the character, thus called internal conflict. On the other hand,
when the conflict happens between: (1) a character and another character (character vs.
character); (2) a character and the environment (character vs. nature); or (3) a character and
customs and practices (character vs. society), the type of conflict is external.

The central message or the lesson in a story is called a theme. It lingers throughout the
story. Simply put, since it is the central message that the writer wants to convey to the readers, it
is repeatedly presented in the story. A story's theme can be expressed in a sentence, but
sometimes, the author leaves it upon the readers to discover. In identifying the story's theme, the
readers should be keen to differentiate it from a subject. It should be remembered that a theme is a
message from the author and not the subject or topic of a story. "To forgive is better than to live
in regrets" is an example of a theme, while "forgiveness" is an example of a subject.

What's In

Directions: Complete the table below by filling in information about the elements of a
story. You may refer to the discussion of the lesson. Write your answer on a separate
sheet.

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 Elements of a Story Definition Types/Examples

1. ______________ The persons, animals, or 2. a_______________

things personified in the
story. b_______________

Setting 3. ________________ 4. a. ______________

___________________
___________________ b.______________
___________________
___________________ c. ______________
___________________
___________________ d. ______________
___________________
___________________ e. ______________

5. ______________ It is the main structure of the 6.

story. It is a series of events a. _______________
in the story.
b. _______________

c. _______________

d. _______________

e. _______________

7. ______________ 8. _________________ a. Internal conflict

___________________
___________________ b. External conflict

Theme 9. _______________ 10. _______________

___________________ ____________________

What's New

Directions: Complete the graphic organizer below by filling in the needed information
about a plot. You may refer to the discussion of the lesson in the previous lesson. Write
your answer on a separate sheet.

4
 This is the most exciting part of the story.

3. _______________________
middle

This part of the plot It is in this part of

is where events start the plot where
to get complicated. complications are
The conflict is starting to get
revealed. solutions.

1. ___________________ 2. ___________________
beginning end

The character, background, In this part of the plot,

and setting are revealed in the outcome of the story
this part of the plot. is presented.

What Is It

A story is presented to the reader following a structure. This structure is called a plot.
The plot shows the order or sequence of events. It tells the reader which event happened in
the beginning, middle, and end of the story.
The plot has five parts: introduction/exposition, rising action, climax/turning point,
falling action, and resolution/denouement.
Using Freytag's pyramid, the flow of events and emotions in a story may be traced. In
the beginning part of the story, the characters and setting are simply introduced. As events
begin to be entangled, the story starts to become more interesting to the readers. When the
story moves to the middle part, events get interesting. The readers start to feel excited,
thrilled and engrossed to find out what might happen next. The instance events start to fall
into their right places; emotions may once again be of calmness or ease. The end part of the
story is the conclusion or the tying together of all loose threads.

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 What's More

Activity 1: PUZZLEd No More

Directions: Complete the statements below by supplying the missing word. Notice that the
letters inside the boxes spell the missing word in the given statements. Connect the letters in
the box and try to guess the word. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. The ____________ are the keys to a good story. Without them, a story will be
incomplete and insensible.

T S ☺
N E L
E M E
2. A ____________ is the central character in a story. All major events revolve around
this character.

P G N A
S R ☺ T
T O O I
3. It is the other term for the problems or complications in a story. ________ can be
internal or external.
☺ I L
T C F
C O N

4. The _____________ is the message of the author to the readers.

E M E
☺
T H
5. The conclusion of a story is presented in the _________________ part. All problems
are resolved, and the characters can live happily ever after.

U T N ☺
L I O ☺
O S E R

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Activity 2: Where It Belongs
Directions: Read the short selection below and then identify the different elements. Write
the elements on the box where they belong. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

Nothing Beats True Friendship

Mark and Edward have been best friends since their Junior High School days. They
were both academically good. Also, they played basketball together.

When they went to Manila to study Sports Science, they met Hazel, who was
undeniably adorable. Secretly, Mark’s admiration for Hazel kindled. Unfortunately, he
couldn‘t tell Edward about it since Edward has already expressed his intentions to pursue
Hazel. Mark was confused and sad. Would he be true to himself and to the people around
him and tell everyone about his feelings for Hazel or should he value the friendship he has
with Edward more?

But because Edward knew Mark very well, he immediately knew something was
bothering his friend. The two, then, decided to talk about the problem and promised to find a
solution to it.

Just a week after the conversation, Edward has stopped pursuing Hazel and Mark no
longer felt anything special for Hazel. When asked what helped them solve their problem,
Edward explained, “The right girl for me or for Mark will not cost us our friendship.” Mark
also stressed, “Nothing beats true friendship.”

CHARACTER SETTING CONFLICT THEME

1. ___________ 1. ____________
_____________ _______________
_______________
Type of setting: Type of Conflict: _______________
1. ____________ 1. ___________
2. ___________ ______________
_____________

2. ____________
_______________
_______________
3. ___________ _______________
_____________

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 Activity 3: Order in the Box
Directions: Read the short selection again. Then, identify the event according to the five
different parts of a plot. Write the letter of an event where it belongs in Freytag's
Pyramid. Write your answer on a separate sheet.
A. The two then decided to talk about the problem and promised to find a solution
to it.

B. When asked what helped them solve their problem, Edward explained, "The
right girl for Mark or me will not cost us our friendship." Mark also stressed,
"Nothing beats true friendship."

C. When they went to Manila to study Sports Science, they met Hazel, who
was undeniably adorable.

D. Mark and Edward have been best friends since their Junior High School days.

E. Mark's admiration for Hazel kindled. Unfortunately, he couldn't tell

Edward about it since Edward has already expressed his intentions to
pursue Hazel. Mark was confused and sad.

3. ____________________

middle

1. __________________ 5. _________________

beginning end

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the organizer below by providing the missing information. You may
refer to the discussion and activities to help you accomplish this task. Write your answer on a
separate sheet.

I learned that the

SETTING is the
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

I also realized that these elements are important for me to learn because
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

9
 What I Can Do
Now that you have learned the different elements and the structure of a story, you will
develop more appreciation of a story when you encounter one. You will also get to appreciate
the effort and brilliance a writer or author puts into a story to make it complete and sensible.
Hopefully, this module's lesson has helped you gain more interest in reading literary
selections or stories.
Fill in the Realization-Commitment table below. Write your honest thoughts about the
lesson you have just learned. Opposite each thought/realization, write a commitment to
improving, uphold, or sharing what you have gained from the module.
Realizations Commitment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Assessment

A. Directions: Read the questions and encircle the letter of the best answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.

1. Which event shows a dynamic character?

A. The prodigal prince knelt before the king, asking for forgiveness. He promised to pay
for all his mistakes and to live a better life.
B. The king, who has always loved the price, forgave him.
C. The queen's heart was filled with joy because the son was so dear to her and finally
made it home.
D. The princess, who has always longed for her brother, couldn't hide her excitement.

2. Which event shows an internal conflict?

A. Pedro has to brave the rain to get home today.
B. Jose couldn't believe her sister Anita has beaten him in a Chess match.
C. Soledad has learned to pay no attention to her neighbors' ill things about her and her
family.
D. Patricia had two options to choose from. She stays in the Philippines with her loved
ones or accepts the offer to work abroad to secure better lives for her and her
family. Patricia couldn't choose one.

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3. Which among the following shows a time and place setting?
A. During one cold morning…
B. Once there was a very rich kingdom in the North…
C. Three thousand years ago, in an abandoned castle….
D. The warm air blew that night…

4. Which statement is true about the theme of a story?

A. A theme is always stated by the writer or author.
B. A theme is always stated at the beginning of the story.
C. A theme is an author's message expressed in one word.
D. A theme is an author's message expressed in one statement.

5. Which is the correct order of events according to the plot structure?

1. Falling Action
2. Climax/Turning Point
3. Resolution
4. Introduction/Exposition
5. Rising Action

B. 4,5,3,2,1
C. 4,5,2,1,3
D. 4,5,3,1,2
E. 4,5,3,2,1

B. Directions: Properly sequence the following events. Number the first event 1, the second
2, the third 3, and so on. Write the numbers before each event on a separate sheet.
__________When Martha opened her eyes, she saw the faces of her mother and father. There
was also Miss Peters by the corner of what seemed to be a hospital room. The doctor then
came, and Martha suddenly understood she was indeed in the hospital.

_________ With the help of her mother, Martha crafted a study schedule and posted it on her
study board. Her mother always checks on her to see to it the schedule is strictly followed.
From then on, Martha no longer crams school requirements and surprisingly enjoys fun times
with her family and friends.

__________Martha lazily grabs the first seat when she gets in her classroom. She knows
something is wrong with her today. She just feels so weak and tired. Miss Peters notices
Martha's unusual self, and worriedly asked her if she needed any help. Unfortunately, before
Martha could even open her mouth to ask for help, she already fainted.

__________After the explanation of the doctor, Martha understood it is never right to cram all
her requirements in one night. Lack of sleep and too much stress will do no good to her body.
Martha then commits to make and strictly follow a study schedule, so she no longer forces
herself to finish all her academic duties all at once.

__________Martha wakes up to the loud buzz of her table alarm. She tosses and turns on her
bed while deciding whether to get out of it or take an extra hour of sleep. She then hears a
knock on her bedroom door. "Martha, get up now, or you'd be late again for your class," the
voice exclaimed.

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Choose one element of a story that you enjoyed learning the most and one which
you had difficulty learning. Write the element, then write a comment explaining why you like
the element the most or why you find difficulty in learning the said element. Write your
answers on a separate sheet.

The element of the Comment The element of the Comment

story that you story that you find
enjoyed most difficulty in learning

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References

"Elements of a plot: Structure and Elements," ResearcgGate, last modified March 04,
2014
https://www.bisd303.org/cms/lib3/WA01001636/Centricity/Domain/1342/Elements%
20of%20Plot.pdf

"Five Elements of Fiction: Plot, Setting, Character, Point of View, Theme,"

TeacherTalks, last modified October 01, 205,
https://www.rcboe.org/cms/lib010/GA01903614/Centricity/Domain/4395/Elements%
20of%20a%20Story.pdf

Azahar Harun, et. al., "Freytag's Pyramid: An Approach for Analyzing the Dramatic
Elements and Narrative Structure," Conference: 2013 IEEE Symposium on
Humanities, Science and Engineering Research (SHUSER) At: Penang, Malaysia.

"identifying Themes and Literary Analysis," BucksEdu, last modified November 28,
2020,
https://www.bucks.edu/media/bcccmedialibrary/tutoring/documents/writingareahando
utrevision/literature/Identifying-themes.pdf

"Teaching Plot Structure through Short Stories," ReadWriteThinkOrg, last modified

http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson904/MidPlotStruct
ure.pdf

Development Team

Writer: Hannah O. Osario

Talisayan National High School
Zamboanga City

Editors/QA: Cristina G. Columbres

Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd

Reviewer: Valeriafides G. Corteza, PhD

Education Program Supervisor

Layout Artist: Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd

Management Team:
Roy C. Tuballa, EMD, JD, CESO VI
Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
Norma T. Francisco, DM
Mildred D. Dayao, Ed.D.
Valeriafides G. Corteza, PhD
Aida Coyme, Ed. D.

14