Biographies and Contributions

BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA MEHTA, HARI PATASKAR AND Dr. B.R.
AMBEDKAR
IN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA
NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY
SABBAVARAM, VISAKHAPATNAM, A.P., INDIA
PROJECT TITLE
BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA MEHTA,HARI VINAYAK

PATASKAR AND Dr. B.R AMBEDKAR IN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
SUBJECT
LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
NAME OF THE FACULTY
Lect. Dr.Viswachandra Nath Madasu, MA, MPhil, P.hd.
Name of the Candidate : Byri kishore

Roll No : 20LLB021
Semester : I
1
BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA MEHTA, HARI PATASKAR AND Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Lect. Dr.Viswachandra

Nath Madasu, MA, MPhil, P.hd.who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful on
the topicof BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA MEHTA,HARI
VINAYAK PATASKAR AND Dr. B.R AMBEDKAR, which helped me in doing a lot of
extensive research on the above mentioned topic which in turn helped me to gain deep
knowledge about the topic.I have tried my level best to collect information about the essay in
various possible ways to depict a clear picture on the given topic.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
2. ABSTRACT 4
3. SYNOPSIS 5-9
4. INTRODUCTION 10
5. BIOGRAPHY OF HANSA MEHTA 11-14
6. CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANS AMEHTA 15-16
7. INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY 16
8. BIOGRAPHY OF VINAYAK PATASKAR 17
9. CONTRIBUTION 18-19
10. BIOGRAPHY OF AMBEDKAR 20-24
11. CONTRIBUTION 24-27
12. CONCLUSION 28-29
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ABSTRACT
M.N. Roy first suggested the concept of a constituent assembly in 1934. On the basis of the
cabinet task programme, the constituent assembly was established in 1946.
Foundation of the Constituent Assembly of India
The advancement of India's constituent get together can be found in the accompanying table:
Foundation on India's Constituent Assembly
The idea of a constituent gathering was first recommended by M N Roy in 1934. The
Congress Party formally embraced the interest in 1935. Races were held for the foundation of
the constituent get together under the Cabinet Mission proposition of 1946, which the British
concurred in the August Offer of 1940.
Individuals from this get together is chosen by implication, that is, by a solitary adaptable
vote of corresponding portrayal by individuals from the common congregations.
The constituent get together was set up to draft a constitution for the country.
Organization of Constituent Assembly
There were 389 members toward the beginning. Following segment, a portion of the
individuals moved to Pakistan, carrying the absolute number of individuals to 299. There
were 229 assignments from British settlements and 70 designations from august states.
Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the primary transitory administrator of the Constituent
Assembly. Afterward, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was chosen as the President and its Vice President
was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee. BN Rau was the established counselor.
Analysis of the Constituent Assembly
It was definitely not an agent body since the people were not clearly picked by grown-up
foundation. Regardless, the pioneers liked standard help from people. Direct choices by the
far and wide adult foundation at when the country was close to the tricky edge of bundle and
amidst normal hordes would have been counter-intuitive. It is said that the makers took a long
time in illustrating the constitution. In any case, recollecting the unpredictability and the
mannerisms of the different and gigantic Indian country, this can be seen.
4
The constituent social gathering was not a sovereign body since it was made by the British.
Regardless, it filled in as a totally self-governing and sovereign body.
The language of the constitution was reproached for being conceptual and obfuscated.
The social gathering was overpowered by the Congress Party. Nevertheless, the social affair
administered the regular gatherings and this was ordinary. Plus, it was a heterogeneous social
occasion with people from essentially all sections of Indian culture.
It was guaranteed that the get-together had Hindu strength. This was again an immediate
aftereffect of relative depiction from networks.
Dr.B.R AMBEDKAR, HANSA MEHTA ,VINAY PATASKAR these three individuals

assumed a significant part in the creation of sacred gathering they are the key people who
propelled and made a forward advance in the creation of constitution . they additionally
accomplished numerous significant privileges for their endeavors towards the country
Large numbers of us till today recollect these incredible individuals for their extraordinary
exertion and work ,
Subsequently finished the existence of probably the best child. His was the undertaking of
enlivening India's huge number of rejected and persecuted to their common liberties. He
encountered their anguish and the remorselessness appeared to them. He conquered the
impediments to remain on an equivalent balance with the best men of his time. He assumed
an essential part in shaping present day India through its Constitution.His work and mission
proceed with today – we should not rest until we see a genuinely just India of equivalent
residents living in harmony together.
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SYNOPSIS
OBJECTIVE:
• To trace the basic essence of CONSTITUTIONAL ASSEEMBLY AND

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA MEHTA ,PATASKAR ,B.R.AMBEDKAR
• To explain the reason behind the formation of constitutional assembly
• To discuss the biographies and contributions
LITERATURE REVIEW;
The researcher has gone through several online sources like, manupatra, jstor for collection
of data about the project The researcher has collected information from various primary and
secondary sources, are premier research platforms providing access to thousands of journal
governments, commissions and acts resources about the BIOGRAPHIES AND
CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA MEHTA ,PATASKAR AND B.R . AMBEDKAR, The
researcher has used this site to quote implications as this site is Oconstitutional assemblyne
of the premier data hubs for all legal information on the internet with ample immediately
available,
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The object of the study is to analyze the concept of the legal and constitutional history . A
study of the concept including some research articles and e-journals have been conducted to
bring about a significant result that helps in improving the analytical concept of the
implications of in the mind of the readers the BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF
HANSA MEHTA ,PATASKAR AND B.R . AMBEDKAR, at providing brief knowledge of
the subject matter. Its main objective is to provide a new source of information knowledge
and wisdom the readers of this article. The critical analysis of the CONSTITUTIONAL
ASSEMBLY is a topic which is otherwise understood to be something which has already
been established in various different papers as we see a lot of journals getting published on
the issue of various aspects of the BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA
MEHTA ,PATASKAR AND B.R . AMBEDKAR,
6
PRIMARY SOURCES:
1. https://archive.org/details/perma_cc_57KL-LG3N
2. Khairmode, Changdev Bhawanrao . Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar . Mumbai: Maharashtra

Rajya Sahilya Sanskruti Mandal, Matralaya.7, p. 273.(1985)
3.https://countercurrents.org/2021/04/dr-ambedkar-current-political-and-economic-scenario/
SECONDARY SOURCES:
1. http://www.westlawindia.com/ - WESTLAWINDIA
2. http://www.jstor.com/ - JSTOR
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
The object of the study is to analyze the BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF

HANSA MEHTA ,PATASKAR AND B.R . AMBEDKAR,. A study of the concept including
some research articles and e-journals have been conducted to bring about a significant result
that helps in improving the analytical concept of the implications of constitutional assembly
the mind of the readers. It aims at providing brief knowledge of the subject matter. Its main
objective is to provide a new source of information knowledge and wisdom to the readers of
this article. The critical analysis of formation of constitutional assembly is a topic which is
otherwise understood to be something which has already been established in various different
papers as we see a lot of journals getting published on the issue of various aspects.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
1. Whether the HANSA MEHTA played a major in amending changes and formation of
constitution?
2. Whether the Ambedkar is responsible for constituting assembly or not and how he
participated in bringing changes?
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CHAPTERIZATION
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2. ABSTRACT
3. SYNOPSIS
4. INTRODUCTION
5. BIOGRAPHY OF HANSA MEHTA
6. CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANS AMEHTA
7. INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
8. BIOGRAPHY OF VINAYAK PATASKAR
9. CONTRIBUTION
10. BIOGRAPHY OF AMBEDKAR
11. CONTRIBUTION
12. CONCLUSION
8
BIOGRAPHY AND CONTRIBUTION OF HANSA MEHTA IN CONSTITUENT

ASSEMBLY1
Hansa Mehta was an educator who became India's first female Vice-Chancellor of a co-
educational university. She was an orator and a prolific writer. She was a freedom fighter
who dedicated her life to liberating India. She played an active role in the fight for
independence and was imprisoned on many occasions. Bombay's dictatorship was named for
her.
HANSA CAREER INFORMATION
Dr. Jivraj N. Mehta, the Chief Medical Officer of Baroda State at the time, married
Hansaben. In the Nagar Grahasta tradition, it was a Pratiloma wedding that made such a fuss.
They organized meetings to oppose the marriage of a woman of the highest caste to a
Vaishya. Her religion had thrown her out. Her father and other members of her family, on the
other hand, were supportive of the marriage, and Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad of Baroda, a
reformer, was so pleased with the inter-caste union that he attended all of the wedding
festivities. . Dr. Jivraj established and enlarged the K.E.M. Hospital and G.S.Medical College
in Bombay, where he was appointed Director.
In Bombay, Hansaben found fertile ground where she could completely enjoy her abilities.
She kept herself busy by volunteering in educational and social welfare organizations. She
was elected to the Bombay Legislative Council as a member of the general constituency. She
had declined to run for election on the grounds of the women's quota plan because she was
opposed to it. She was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministers of Education and
Health.
HANSA LITERARY CONTRIBUTIONS
Some of her Gujarati literary contributions include Balvaratvalli, Kishorevartavalli, Bavlana

parakrama, a translation of Pinnachio, and Golibarni Musafari, a translation of Gulliver's
Travels. Arun Nu Adhbhut Swapnu was a book about her travels around the world. King
Vikrama and Prince of Ayodhya Adventures were later translated into English. Hansaben and
Gijubhai Badheka were the first to write Gujarati children's books. She started writing plays
in Gujarati. . She adapted Shakespeare's Hamlet and Merchant of Venice for Gujarati, as well
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as Valmiki's Ramayana for Sanskrit and two Moliere plays, Le Bourgeois Gentillehomme
and Tartuff, for Gujarati (1978). The Farbus Gujarati Sabha published a collection of her
Gujarati essays on various subjects. Three English tracts she published were titled Women
Under the Hindu Law of Marriage and Succession, Post-war Educational Reconstruction, and
Civil Liberties. Indian Woman, a collection of her English-language writings, was published
in 1981.
Whether the HANSA MEHTA played a major in amending changes and formation of
constitution?.
Contribution to Indian constitution2
The Indian constitution was due to be proposed in a few weeks. Individuals from the
Constituent Assembly sat in a crescent under the Parliament arch on November 22, 1949. All
was talking about how courageous they were for going on such a dangerous adventure. The
loop had begun almost three years before. The Drafting Committee had conceived about a
draft during its 11 sessions, which spanned for 165 days.
Mrs. Hansa Mehta (General) from Bombay: Sir, I consider it a great privilege to speak on
behalf of this significant Resolution, which Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru has so skillfully
moved. . I don't want to comment on Dr. Jayakar's point or the 6,000-mile-away discourses
by people who are either evil or completely unaware of the situation. I'd like to make a few
remarks about this Resolution's key rights, which affect a certain group of people, namely
women.
It would strike a chord in the hearts of many a women to realize that a free India will imply a
crowd actually achieving a state of equilibrium, regardless of the importance of probability.
Several women in the past and present, including our friend, Mrs. Sarojini Nadu, have
recognized the importance of high status and have earned the highest award a man can get. .
These women are, however, unusual. A pre-summer isn't made up of one swallow. These
women do not provide us with a reliable picture of the situation of Indian women in the
United States.
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http://www.hmlibrary.ac.in/researchinformationsystem
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For a long time, the ordinary person of this country has been subjected to inequalities put on
her by laws, customs, and lifestyles of people who have slipped from the heights of society of
whom we are ecstatic, and of which Dr. Sir S. Radhakrishnan has consistently talked. Today,
a substantial number of women are denied basic opportunities. They are confined behind the
purdah, isolated within the four walls of their houses, unable to travel freely. The Indian
woman has been reduced to such a state of weakness that she has become a prime target for
those seeking to exploit the situation. Man has tainted himself by undermining women. Her
man will not only raise himself, but the whole world. On the floor of this House, Mahatma
Gandhi's name has been mentioned. It would be self-centered of me if I didn't recognize the
enormous debt of gratitude that Indian women owe to Mahatma Gandhi for what he has
accomplished for them. Despite this, we have never discussed any advantages. Held seats,
values, or open electorates have never been discussed in the women's partnership in which I
have the pleasure of participating. What we have mentioned is social value, monetary value,
and political value.3We have asked for the justice, which is the only basis for mutual respect
and understanding, and without which true co-operation between man and woman is
impossible. Since women make up a significant portion of the population in this country, men
cannot get very far without their help. This ancient land is incapable of achieving its rightful
place,
Without the active participation of women, there will be no respected place in the country. As
a result, I applaud this Resolution for the tremendous assurance it provides, and I am
confident that the resolution's targets will not remain on paper but will be realized in the real
world. (Healthy living)
Hansa Jivraj Mehta replied appropriately: "If the men had demanded insurance against ladies
in this Constitution, the world would have cared less for them; I am happy to see that the
Constitution does not provide for that arrangement. Under any case, men would have had to
hide their appearances from the rest of the world."
3
Academia.edu
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From the left to the centre Sir Kenneth Braley, Director Commonwealth Institute, and Shri
Kewal Singh, Dy. High Commissioner Mr. T.T. Krishnamachari, Mrs. Hansa Mehta, and Mr.
Dalal of Air India. Miss Jennie Lee, M.P., Mr. T.T. Krishnamachari, Mrs. Hansa Mehta, and
Mr. Dalal of Air India. (Photo courtesy of PIB)
Hansa Mehta's sharp yet courteous response became a permanent marker of Hansa Mehta's
convictions. Hansa was born on July 3, 1897, to Manubhai Nandshankar Mehta, the Dewan
of Baroda. Hansa studied journalism and social science in England. In 1918, she met Sarojini
Naidu, who introduced her to Mahatma Gandhi. "When Gandhiji was apprehended in 1922,
Sarojini Devi traveled to Ahmedabad with a group of Bombay ladies. We went to see
Gandhiji at the Sabarmati Jail, and Sarojini Devi introduced me to him. That was the first
time I saw him with other people, and I was obviously moved for reasons I couldn't explain
"In her book Indian Woma, Mehta writes:
After six years of courtship, she married Jivraj Narayan Mehta, Mahatma Gandhi's personal
expert at the time. The fact that Maharaja Sayajirao III, Gaekwad of Baroda and her deity,
married a "vaishya Mehta" above her station enraged the Nagar Brahmins, but Maharaja
Sayajirao III, Gaekwad of Baroda and her deity, was pleased to hear of the wedding. "And he
graced every one of the capacities," Mehta continues in the book, referring to Sayajirao's
inquiry to her father about his suitability for her wedding.
Mehta persisted in his search for a chance. The growing number of female feminists has been
a challenge for the British. Visalakshi Menon cites a 1930 incident in her book "Indian
Women and Nationalism, the Uttar Pradesh Story," in which Kamla Nehru and Hansa Mehta
appeared at the Delhi Railway Station, shouting trademarks "Inquilaab Zindabaad." To block
out the mottos, the British made the train engines hoot endlessly.
As a result of those habits and affiliations, Mehta and her better half were apprehended.
"Both Dr. Jiv. 'N. Mehta and his significant other Mrs. Hansa Mehta have been arrested,"
Gopal Krishna Gokhale wrote in his weekly publication "The Servant of India." Dr. Mehta
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isn't regarded as a functioning politician, and his incarceration can be attributed purely to the
fact that he hired a Congress laborer in the form of his better half."
The University Grants Committee holds its meeting in Delhi. The University Grants
Committee was photographed in session on February 13 to research the reforms that are
needed in Indian university education.
Mehta ran for the Bombay Legislative Council after her release and dominated the provincial
elections, proving to be a champion of freedom for all. “The women's organization to which I
have the honor to belong has never called for reserved seats, quotas, or separate electorates,”
Mehta said in the Constituent Assembly on December 19, 1946, while addressing the issue of
joint electorates. Racial, fiscal, and political fairness are the things we've called for.”
As member of several Committees in the Constituent Assembly — including the

Fundamental Rights sub-committee — Mehta was against “too many personal laws” and for
a progressive common civil code. “The Civil Code that we wish to have must be on a par
with, or in advance of, the most progressive of the personal laws in the country. Otherwise, it
will be a retrograde step and it will not be acceptable to all,” Mehta said.
She was a member of a committee formed to "amend and codify those divisions of Hindu
law." Mehta supported legislation such as the Sarda Act, which prohibited child marriage, as
well as movements to ensure women's birth control and access to education.
In India and abroad, she remained a fierce advocate for women's rights. Hansa Mehta is
credited with bringing a major change in the vocabulary of Article 1 of the UDHR as the
Indian representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission (1947-1948). “The
world owes a debt of gratitude to Dr. Hansa Mehta, an Indian daughter, for replacing the term
in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)4. ‘All men are born free and equal,' it
said. It has now been updated to read, "All human beings are born free and equal." In 2015,
Ban Ki-moon, the former UN Secretary General, remarked, "How apt, how fitting it is."
Sadly, she turned into a semi-invalid over the most recent couple of long stretches of her life.
Still her soul stayed fearless and she looked into human undertakings. Her mission for
4
https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/herstory/hansa-mehta/
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information was ravenous. To the end she lived in quest for information. At 98 years old,
Hansaben died calmly in Bombay on fourth April 1995.
BIOGRAPHY AND CONTRIBUTION OF HARI VINAYAK PATASKAR IN

CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY5
Early life:
Hari Vinayak Pataskar was born in Indapur, Poona on May 15, 1892. He studied at New
English School, attended Fergusson College in Poona and ultimately attained his BA.,L.L.B
from Government Law College in Bombay. In 1920, he joined the Indian National Congress,
and became an active participant in regional politics. He was elected to the Bombay Council
in 1926.
Role in India's Independence Movement:
A qualified lawyer, he offered free legal services to political prisoners between 1925 to 1945.
Pataskar was jailed in 1942 due to his involvement in the Quit India movement. He later
became a member of the Bombay Legislative Assembly on two different occasions.
Contribution to Constitution Making:
Pataskar was elected to the Constituent Assembly from Bombay on a Congress party ticket.
He was a very active member of the Assembly, and made interventions in the debates on
preventive detention, due process, and anti-discrimination.
PATASKAR IN CONSTITUTIONAL DEBATE
Mr. H.V. Pataskar (General, Bombay): Sir, there is one issue on which I would like clarity.
"No one attending any academy," the provision reads. Mr. Dhulekar proposed that the term
"college" be replaced with "educational institution" at first. "As far as I understand it, the
term "school" refers to any kind of educational institution, but if the idea were to exclude
colleges, which are in some ways schools, then I believe what will happen is that religious
instruction will be made compulsory in government-aided schools, but not in private
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schools." You have the choice of making it mandatory. I'm familiar with a few colleges in
Bombay where religious education was once needed. As a result, I am hoping that when the
Honourable Mover responds, he will elaborate on this issue. .
Later Contributions:
Pataskar was elected to the Lok Sabha from Jalgaon in 1952 and served as the country's Law
Minister. The adoption of the Hindu Code Bill was his biggest accomplishment as Union
Law Minister. Following that, from 1955 to 1957, he was the Minister of Public Aviation.
Hari Vinayak Pataskar (14 June 1957 – 10 February 1965) was a leading politician and
member of India's Constituent Assembly. From June 14, 1957, to February 10, 1965, he was
Governor of Madhya Pradesh.
KEY SPEECHES OF PATASKAR6
He suggested several changes to Articles 15 and 15A.
Pataskar participated in debates on due process and achieving legal consistency between the
state and the federal government.
He called for detainee rights, such as the provision that they appear before a judge "within 24
hours" rather than "as soon as possible."
Hari Vinayak Pataskar was an Indian lawyer and politician who served in the Constituent
Assembly of India[1] and as the Governor of Madhya Pradesh[2.] In 1963, he was awarded
the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honor, for contributions in Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar : Biography & Life History
Whether the Ambedkar is responsible for constituting assembly or not and how he
participated in bringing changes?
BIOGRAPHY AND CONTRIBUTION OF Dr.B.R AMBEDKAR IN CONSTITUENT

ASSEMBLY7
EARLY LIFE:
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The Essential Writings Of B.R. Ambedkar by Edited by Valerian Rodrigues, OUP India(2005).
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Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, also known as Babasaheb, was an Indian jurist, economist,
politician, and social reformer who founded the Dalit Buddhist movement and fought against
social injustice against Untouchables (Dalits), as well as women's and labor rights. He was
the first law minister of independent India and the primary author of the Indian Constitution.
His Birth and Greatness Foretold
Bhimabai Ambadvekar and Ramji Ambadvekar had a son on April 14, 1891. Ramji's father,
an army officer posted in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, had risen to the highest rank an Indian
could hold under British rule at the time.
Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence.
Bhim was the name his mother chose for her son. Ramji's uncle, a sanyasi who lived a
religious life, predicted that this son would become famous all over the world before he was
born. His parents had a large family to begin with. Despite this, they vowed to give him the
best education possible.
Early Life and First School of Ambedkar
Ramji left the army two years later, and the family relocated to Dapoli, Maharashtra's
Ratnagiri district, where they had originally come from. When he was five years old, Bhim
began attending kindergarten. On Ramji's meager army pension, the whole family struggled
to make ends meet.
It is not enough to provide dissatisfaction for a revolt to succeed. A deep and abiding belief in
the order, need, and significance of political and social rights is necessary.
Things appeared to be looking up for the family when some friends found Ramji a job in
Satara, and they relocated once more. However, disaster hit soon after. Bhimabai died after a
long illness. Bhim's aunt Mira took over the children's care, despite her own poor health.
Ramji entertained his children by reading stories from the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics
and singing devotional songs to them. Bhim, his brothers, and sisters were also able to have a
16
stable home life in this way. He never forgot his father's presence. It told him about the rich
cultural heritage that all Indians share.
The Shock of Prejudice – Casteism8
Bhim started to note that he and his family were being handled differently from other people.
He had to sit in the corner of the room on a hard mat away from the other students' desks in
high school. He wasn't allowed to drink water from the cups his classmates used at recess.
The school caretaker had to spill water into his cupped palms.
Bhim was perplexed as to why he was being handled so – what was wrong with him?
He and his older brother once had to spend their summer vacations in Goregaon, where their
father worked as a cashier. They disembarked and waited for a long time at the station, but
Ramji did not appear. The radio channel
General principles based on social ethics must be applied to a people and their faith. When
faith is regarded as a required good for people's well-being, no other criterion will have any
significance.
The young men were well-dressed, tidy, and courteous. Bhim told him they were Mahars (a
grouping of people classified as "untouchables") without ever thought about it. The station
master was taken aback, and he walked forward, his face changing to a friendly smile. Bhim
hired a bullock-cart to carry them to their father – this was before taxis – but the cart-men had
learned that the boys were "untouchables" and refused to transport them. .
They were, however, meant to pollute and defile everything they came into contact with, as
well as everything that came into contact with them. What makes you think that? This is
everything Bhim can never forget. When he grew older, he realized that what Hindu culture
referred to as "untouchability" was irrational, barbaric, and ignorant. The village barbers were
fearful of being polluted by a "untouchable," so his sister had to cut his hair at home.
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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Know About Series - English
17
She could only say, "This is the way it has always been," if he knew why they were
"untouchables." This response was insufficient for Bhim. . He knew that -it has always been
that way” does not mean that there is a just reason for it – or that it had to stay that way
forever. It could be changed.
Return to India – Nightmare in Baroda9
As a result, he was summoned to India, where he decided to take up a role in Baroda. In the
Baroda Civil Service, he was offered an outstanding work. Bhimrao had earned his doctorate
and was preparing for a high-ranking role. Nonetheless, he saw the Hindu caste system's
worst aspects once more. This was made worse by the fact that he had been living overseas
for the previous four years, out of the stigma of "untouchable."
No one at his office would give him files or journals, so the servant threw them on his desk.
They wouldn't even give him a glass of water to drink. Because of his caste, he was treated
with contempt. He had to go from hotel to hotel in search of a bed, but none of them would
accept him. He had eventually found a home in a Parsi guest house, but only because he had
wanted to keep his caste hidden. He slept in a cramped bedroom with a tiny cold-water toilet
attached, in very unpleasant circumstances.
There was no one to speak to and he felt all lost. There were no electric lights or even oil
lamps, but it was pitch black at night. Bhimrao had hoped to find a new home through his
civil service career, but as he was leaving for work one morning, a group of enraged men
with sticks appeared outside his door. They accused him of polluting the hotel and demanded
that he leave by the evening – or face the consequences! What more was there for him to do?
For the same explanation, he couldn't linger with one of his two Baroda associates. Bhimrao
was depressed and felt abandoned.
Poona Pact : What Is Poona Pact 24, September ,1932 ? | granting new rights to
untouchables
Bombay – Beginning Social Activity10
He couldn't help himself. He had to return to Bombay after just eleven days in his new career.
He attempted to start a small company there, offering investment advice, but it struggled after
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customers learned of his caste. He started teaching at Bombay's Sydenham College in 1918.
His students regarded him as a great teacher and scholar while he was teaching there. .
He also assisted in the founding of the Marathi newspaper ‘Mook Nayak' (Leader of the
Dumb) to further the cause of the ‘untouchables' at this time. He also started to organize and
hold conventions, recognizing that he needed to start proclaiming and publicizing the Dalits'
– or "oppressed" – humiliations and fighting for equal justice. His own experience had taught
him the importance of independence struggle.
Completion of Education – Leader of India’s Untouchables
He had the option to get back to London in 1920, with the guide of associates, to complete his
examinations in Economics at LSE. Moreover, he learned at Gray's Inn to contemplate law.
Bhimrao got back to India in 1923 with a Doctorate of Economics from the London School of
Economics, maybe the principal Indian to do as such. He was presently a Barrister-at-Law,
which he had acquired.
He didn't understand anything had changed when he got back to India. In the act of
Untouchability, his certifications were immaterial – it was likewise an obstacle to his
profession. He had, be that as it may, acquired the best training accessible anyplace on the
planet and was solid and steady to lead the Dalit people group. In an in any event, balance, he
could discuss and persuade the best personalities of his age. He was a legitimate proficient
who, as a smooth and skilled voice, could convey enticing declaration before British
commissions. Bhimrao gave the rest of his life to finishing his central goal.
In the Prime of His Life
Architect of the Indian Constitution11
Following the fighting, Babasaheb Ambedkar was elected to the Constituent Assembly,
which was charged with determining how India, a nation with millions of inhabitants, should
be governed. How can elections be conducted? What are people's rights? What are the
procedures for enacting laws? Significant decisions had to be taken, and legislation had to be
enacted.
Many of these questions are answered and laws are laid down in the Constitution.
11
Khairmode, Changdev Bhawanrao . Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar . Mumbai: Maharashtra Rajya Sahilya
Sanskruti Mandal, Matralaya.7, p. 273.(1985)
19
When India gained independence in August 1947, Babasaheb Ambedkar was appointed as
the country's first law minister. He was appointed chairman of the committee tasked with
drafting the constitution for the world's largest democracy by the Constituent Assembly. He
was the most eligible person for this job because of his extensive legal, fiscal, and political
studies.
A thorough understanding of many countries' constitutions, a thorough understanding of law,

and a thorough understanding of India's and Indian society's history were all needed. In
reality, he was the sole bearer of the responsibility. He was the only one capable of
completing this enormous mission. Babasaheb became ill shortly after finishing the Draft
Constitution.
He met Dr. Sharda Kabir at a nursing home in Bombay and married her in April 1948. He
submitted the Draft Constitution to the Constituent Assembly on November 4, 1948, and it
was ratified in the name of the people of India on November 26, 1949. On that day, he said,
"I appeal to all Indians to be a country by rejecting castes, which have caused social
alienation and envy and hate."
Later Life – Buddhist Conversion
In 1950, he traveled to Sri Lanka for a Buddhist meeting. On his return, he gave a speech at
the Buddhist Temple in Bombay. -People should follow Buddhism in order to overcome their
difficulties.
In 1951, Babasaheb Ambedkar resigned from the government to devote the rest of his life to
the rebirth and propagation of Buddhism in India. Babasaheb believed that as an upright man,
he had no choice but to act because the much-needed changes had been denied. For the next
five years, Babasaheb waged a vigorous campaign against social evils and superstitions.
On October 14, 1956, he converted to Buddhism in Nagpur. In a ceremony attended by over

half a million people, he led a massive crowd in converting them to Buddhism. The area is
now known as "Deekshabhoomi." He understood that Buddhism was an important part of
Indian culture, and that reviving it was an important part of India's strongest legacy. Only
Hinduism is responsible for the concept of untouchability.
Death Of Babasaheb Ambedkar
20
Babasaheb Ambedkar died at his Delhi residence just seven weeks later, on December 6,
1956. Bombay received his body. The funeral procession drew a crowd of two miles.
Eminent leaders paid their last respects to him that evening at Dadar cemetery. Buddhist
rituals were followed before lighting the pyre. It was observed by 500,000 spectators.
“Chaitya Bhoomi” is the current name of the location.
As a result, one of India's biggest sons' life came to an end. His mission was to educate
India's millions of marginalized and poor people about their rights. He was witness to their
anguish and brutality. He faced adversity to enter the ranks of history's great men. Via the
Constitution, he played a key role in shaping modern India. His work and goal must continue
today – we must not stop until we see a genuinely democratic India where all people are
treated equally and live in peace.
CONCLUSION
It was anything but a delegate body and the members were not elected by an adult establishment.
In either event, the colonists were grateful for individual assistance. Direct decisions by the general
public at a time when the country was on the precipice of a civil war and in the middle of common
mobs may have been illogical. It is said that the founders took a long time to draft the constitution.
Nonetheless, given the complexity and idiosyncrasies of the diverse and vast Indian nation, this is
understandable.
Since it was created by the British, the constituent assembly was not a sovereign body. In
either case, it functioned as an independent and sovereign entity.
The constitution's wording has been criticized for being ambiguous and abstract.
The Congress Party completely dominated the meeting. In either case, the gathering ruled
over the ordinary congregations, which was normal. It was also a diverse event, with people
from almost every aspect of Indian culture present. The gathering was said to have Hindu
influence. This was, once again, due to network depiction.
Dr.B.R AMBEDKAR, HANSA MEHTA ,VINAY PATASKAR these three people played a
major role in the making of constitutional assembly they are the key persons who motivated
and made a forward step in the making of constitution . they also achieved many great
honours for their efforts towards the nation
21
Many of us still remember these wonderful people for their great effort and work. Hence, one
of India's greatest sons' life came to an end. His mission was to educate India's millions of
marginalized and poor people about their rights. He was witness to their anguish and
brutality. He faced adversity to enter the ranks of history's great men. Via the Constitution, he
played a key role in shaping modern India. His work and goal must continue today – we must
not stop until we see a genuinely democratic India where all people are treated equally and
live in peace.
REFERENCES
1. https://archive.org/details/perma_cc_57KL-LG3N
2. Khairmode, Changdev Bhawanrao . Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar . Mumbai:
Maharashtra Rajya Sahilya Sanskruti Mandal, Matralaya.7, p. 273.(1985)
3. https://countercurrents.org/2021/04/dr-ambedkar-current-political-and-economic-
scenario/
22

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BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA MEHTA, HARI PATASKAR AND Dr. B.R.

SABBAVARAM, VISAKHAPATNAM, A.P., INDIA

BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANSA MEHTA,HARI VINAYAK

NAME OF THE FACULTY

Lect. Dr.Viswachandra Nath Madasu, MA, MPhil, P.hd.

Name of the Candidate : Byri kishore

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Lect. Dr.Viswachandra

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO

Foundation of the Constituent Assembly of India

Foundation on India's Constituent Assembly

Organization of Constituent Assembly

Analysis of the Constituent Assembly

Dr.B.R AMBEDKAR, HANSA MEHTA ,VINAY PATASKAR these three individuals

• To trace the basic essence of CONSTITUTIONAL ASSEEMBLY AND

• To explain the reason behind the formation of constitutional assembly

• To discuss the biographies and contributions

2. Khairmode, Changdev Bhawanrao . Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar . Mumbai: Maharashtra

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The object of the study is to analyze the BIOGRAPHIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF

5. BIOGRAPHY OF HANSA MEHTA

6. CONTRIBUTIONS OF HANS AMEHTA

7. INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

8. BIOGRAPHY OF VINAYAK PATASKAR

10. BIOGRAPHY OF AMBEDKAR

BIOGRAPHY AND CONTRIBUTION OF HANSA MEHTA IN CONSTITUENT

HANSA CAREER INFORMATION

HANSA LITERARY CONTRIBUTIONS

Some of her Gujarati literary contributions include Balvaratvalli, Kishorevartavalli, Bavlana

Contribution to Indian constitution2

As member of several Committees in the Constituent Assembly — including the

BIOGRAPHY AND CONTRIBUTION OF HARI VINAYAK PATASKAR IN

Role in India's Independence Movement:

Contribution to Constitution Making:

PATASKAR IN CONSTITUTIONAL DEBATE

KEY SPEECHES OF PATASKAR6

He suggested several changes to Articles 15 and 15A.

BIOGRAPHY AND CONTRIBUTION OF Dr.B.R AMBEDKAR IN CONSTITUENT

His Birth and Greatness Foretold

Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence.

Early Life and First School of Ambedkar

The Shock of Prejudice – Casteism8

Return to India – Nightmare in Baroda9

Bombay – Beginning Social Activity10

Completion of Education – Leader of India’s Untouchables

In the Prime of His Life

Architect of the Indian Constitution11

A thorough understanding of many countries' constitutions, a thorough understanding of law,

Later Life – Buddhist Conversion

On October 14, 1956, he converted to Buddhism in Nagpur. In a ceremony attended by over

Death Of Babasaheb Ambedkar

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