QUESTIONS BANK FINAL EXAM DIGITAL

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

SAMPLE A

Q1. Define the followings will drawings;

Line Coding, Timing signal, power spectral density, split phase encoding, Serial Communication RS-232

signaling, Serial Communication USB.

ANSWER
Q2.
A) What are Line Coding Requirements and draw the waveforms for the following line coding;
1-On-Off (RZ)
2-Polar (RZ)
3-Bipolar/AMI (RZ)
4-On-Off (NRZ)
5- Polar (NRZ) .

ANSWER ;
B) Consider the polar RZ r(t) waveform shown below in figure 1 .
1-Find and draw the absolute timing signal for the above waveform.
2- Find and draw the RZ OOK signal which is a RZ binary signal plus a RZ clock signal

Figure 1

ANSWER
Q3. An impulse train in continues and discrete time are defined by x(t) and x(n) respectively which are
given by;

x(t) = ∑∞
𝐤=−∞ 𝐚𝐤𝛅(𝐭 − 𝐤𝐓𝐛)

x(n) = ∑∞
𝐤=−∞ 𝐚𝐤𝛅(𝐧 − 𝐤)
Find the following;
1. Draw these signals,
2. Find and draw the autocorrelation functions Rn and Rx(t) in discrete and continues time respectively,
3. Find the Power Spectral Density PSD.

4. Find the Power Spectral Density PSD of the encoded signal which has given PAM pulse sequence;
y(t) = ∑∞
𝐤=−∞ 𝐚𝐤𝐩(𝐭 − 𝐤𝐓𝐛)
ANSWER
Q4.
A) Let fb = 1/Tb, the Sinc pulse Sinc(πfbt) satisfies Nyquist’s first criterion for zero ISI :
Find and draw the Fourier transform of this Sinc function.

ANSWER

B) For the above pulse it is increased so that the Nyquist pulse has spectrum width
𝟏
(1 + r)fb , where 0 < r < 1, As shown in figure 2 , which produces overlap and inter symbol
𝟐
interference ISI .

Figure 2
Find and draw the following;
1- Nyquist’s criterion the spectrum overlaps add to 1 for all f.
2- For parameter r with 0 < r < 1, find the resulting pulse has bandwidth.

ANSWER
Q5. In M-ary Baseband Signaling, One widely used encoding coefficients of two bits into four levels for 4-
level PAM using r=0.5 , y(t) pulses given below ;

y(t) = ∑𝐤 𝐚𝐤𝐩(𝐭 − 𝐤𝐓𝐛)

and ak coefficients has the following values;

Is for ISDN, a digital home and office network connection since replaced by DSL
Find the following;
1- Draw the pulse waveforms p(t) with bits distribution.
2- Draw the Eye diagram for 4-level PAM using Nyquist r = 0.5.
3- How much noise sensitivity factor is increased and why?
4- Calculate the power spectrum for 4-ary signaling for the above pulses values.
5- If digital values are independent, how much the power signaling for n≠ 0.

ANSWER
 SAMPLE B

Q1. Define the followings will drawings;

M-ary Signaling, ASK with ISDN, Constellation Plots, BFSK, GMSK.

ANSWER
Constellation Plots

BFSK
Q2.
A) The following bit message shown below in figure 1, find and draw the following different digital line
codes according to the bit sequence.
1-On-Off (RZ)
2-Polar (RZ)
3-Bipolar/AMI (RZ)
4-On-Off (NRZ)
5- Polar (NRZ)

Figure 1

ANSWER

B) Consider the polar RZ r(t) waveform shown below in figure 1

1-Find and draw the absolute timing signal for the above waveform.
2- Find and draw the RZ OOK signal which is a RZ binary signal plus a RZ clock signal

Figure 1

ANSWER
Q3. Figure 2, shows, the Nyquist pulse has spectrum width (1/2) (1+r)fb, where 0 < r < 1.
We want to choose P(f), and hence p(t), so that p(t) = 0 for t = nTb, so there is no intersymbol
interference. p(t) = 1 for t = 0 So that it basically functions like a Sinc.

Figure 2

If we sample the pulse p(t) at rate fb = 1/Tb,

1- Prove that the Fourier transform of the sampled signal is given by ;
 P(f) = ∑∞
𝒌=−∞ 𝑷(𝒇 − 𝒌𝒇𝒃) = 𝟏

ANSWER

2-Draw the spectrum overlap for the summation of the produced pulse

∑𝒌 𝐩(𝐭 − 𝐤𝐟𝐛)
ANSWER

3- For parameter r with 0 < r < 1, Find the total bandwidth of the resulting pulse for parameter
r.
ANSWER

Q4.
A) For digital carrier modulation, at several simple ways to encode bits on a carrier
 Figure 3 , shows the carrier and message

Figure 3
Draw the modulated digital signal for the following digital carrier modulations;

1- On-Off Keying (OOK) .

ANSWER

2- Phase-Shift Keying (PSK)

3- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

B) Draw and explain , the block diagram of the demodulation of FSK using envelope or coherent detector.

ANSWER

Q5.
A) Design and explain the block diagram of the Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing OFDM
Encoder .

ANSWER
B) If we have a sequence ck of bits or QAM encoded symbols, we can modulate (FSK encode) to get as
many symbols per second through the channel, each encoded for as many bits as possible , Find and
draw the formula for one sample ck is transmitted at its own FSK frequency k∆f .

ANSWER

C) If we combine all of the samples in an interval (frame) , find the formula for N samples, to get N
output FSK frequencies.
ANSWER
D) Summarize the OFDM has many practical advantages.
ANSWER

SAMPLE C

Q1. Define the followings will drawings;

M-ary Signaling, ASK with ISDN, Constellation Plots, BFSK , GMSK.

ANSWER
ANSWER
Constellation Plots

BFSK
Q2.
A) For the following bit message, find and draw the following different digital line codes according to the
bit sequence shown in figure 1 .
1-On-Off (RZ)
2-Polar (RZ)
3-Bipolar/AMI (RZ)
4-On-Off (NRZ)
5- Polar (NRZ)

Figure 1

ANSWER

B) Figure 2, shows, the Nyquist pulse has spectrum width (1/ 2 ) (1 + r)fb, where 0 < r < 1.
We want to choose P(f), and hence p(t), so that p(t) = 0 for t = nTb, so there is no intersymbol interference.
p(t) = 1 for t = 0 So that it basically functions like a sinc.

Figure 2
 If we sample the pulse p(t) at rate fb = 1/Tb,

1-Draw the spectrum overlap for the summation of the produced pulse

∑ 𝐩(𝐭 − 𝐤𝐟𝐛)
𝒌
ANSWER

2- For parameter r with 0 < r < 1, Find the total bandwidth of the resulting pulse for parameter r .
ANSWER

Q3. Draw and explain , the block diagram of the demodulation of FSK using envelope or coherent
detector.

ANSWER
Q4. Design and explain the block diagram of the Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing OFDM
Encoder)

A) If we have a sequence ck of bits or QAM encoded symbols, we can modulate (FSK encode) to get as
many symbols per second through the channel, each encoded for as many bits as possible ,Find and
draw the formula for one sample ck is transmitted at its own FSK frequency k∆f .
B) If we combine all of the samples in an interval (frame) , find the formula for N samples, to get N
output FSK frequencies.
C) Summarize the OFDM has many practical advantages .

ANSWER

A)

ANSWER
 B).If we combine all of the samples in an interval (frame) , find the formula for N samples, to get N
output FSK frequencies.
ANSWER

C) Summarize the OFDM has many practical advantages.

ANSWER
Q5.
A) For error detection and correction .
If we have the following data bits find by using the polynomial division procedure,
c1, · · · , c7 = 1010001 divided by 11, find the Parity Bit .

ANSWER

B) For the Hamming (7,4) code, find the Parity bits and the Data bits also write down the table which
defines a (7, 4) Hamming parity-check code.
 SAMPLE D

Q1. Define the followings will drawings;

Pulse Shaping, Binary Phase Shift Keying (PSK), On-Off Keying (OOK), Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC),
Block Codes.

ANSWERS
Q2. If we have a sequence ck of bits or QAM encoded symbols, we can modulate (FSK encode) to get as
many symbols per second through the channel, each encoded for as many bits as possible
1- Find the formula for one sample ck is transmitted at its own FSK frequency k∆f .

ANSWER

2- Draw the spectrum of the OFDM signal showing the total bandwidth and the frequency deviation between
successive subchannels.
ANSWER
Q3.
A) If we combine all of the samples in an interval (frame) , find the formula for N samples, to get N output
FSK frequencies.
B) Summarize the OFDM has many practical advantages.

ANSWER

ANSWER
Q4. For the Hamming (7,4) code, find the Parity bits and the Data bits also write down the table which
defines a (7, 4) Hamming parity-check code.

ANSWER

Q5.
A) Design and explain the block diagram of the Differential PSK (DPSK) encoder.

ANSWER
B) Find the formula of the M-ary Phase Shift Keying for M symbols, and draw the PSK constellation
diagrams for the following carrier modulations;
1- PSK-2,
2- PSK-4,
3- PSK-8.
ANSWER

C) Find and draw the QAM -16 constellation measurement of 16 symbols and compare it with experimental
measurement.
ANSWER
Good Luck,