Lectures on Reinforced Concrete Design = Design of RC Beam | (Part 2) Compression [Solved Ex. 1] > Tension = Dr. Sherif El-GamalExample # 1 (One-Span Beam) The four-span slab shown supports a live load of 3 kN/m2, plus floor finishes and ceiling load of 1 kKN/m2. Assume ‘hr fire resistance and mild exposure. The f,,=30 N/imm2 and f,=460 Nimm2, fy=250 N/mm?. Design a typical internal beam (B1). Note: The slab thickness = 175mm, columns are 300x300. 4@4.5=18m J3.4.6.3 Span/effective depth ratio for a rectangular or flanged beam ‘The basic span/effective depth ratios for beams are siven in table 39. These are based on limiting the total deflection to sparv/250 and this should normally ensure that the part of the deflection occurring after construction of finishes and partitions will be limited to spawv500 or 20 mm, whichever is the lesser, for spans up to 10m. For values of dy/b greater than 0.3, linear interpolation between the values given in table 3.9 for rectangular sections and for flanged beams with by/ of 0.3 may be used. Table 3.9 Basic span/effective depth ratio for rectangular or flanged beams Support conditions | Rectangular | Flanged beams sections | with esas Cantilever 7 56 ‘Simply supported 20 160 Continuous 26 208Ref. Calculations Output h | Proportioning: Table 3.9: Basic Span/d ratio=16 d= 10000/16 =625 mm ‘Table 3.3: For mild exposure, with C30: Nominal cover = 25mm ‘Table 3.4: For 1 hr fire resistance: Nominal cover = 20mm as Therefore: nominal cover = 25mm. 675 Assume 20 mm diameter bars, ® = 20 mm Assume 12 mm diameter stirrups, ©, = 12mm h= 675mm Overall depth, h = d+ cover+ ®, +/2 = 625+25+10+10 = 672 > 675mm d= 628mm Revised effective depth, bw= 250mm d= h-cover- ©, +@/2 =675-25-12-10= 628 = 675/3 =225 Say 250mm Final Proportioning: |) ol Loadint x ’ From slab: The area supported by the beam = 4.5x10=45 m? T | | aetsetamTable 5.5 Nominal cover to all reinforcement (including links) to meet durability requirements (see NOTE 1) ‘Conditions of exposure Nominal cover (eee 83.4) Dimensions in miimetes Mild 25k 20 200) 200 200) Moderate = 35 30 25 20 Severe = = 40 30 % ay aevere = = 5e 4 20 Most severe = i = = 30 ‘Abrasive = = = See NOTES | See NOTES ‘Maximum free water/cement ratio 065 0.60 055 (050 045 Minimum cement content (kg/t®) 275 300 325 350 400 Lowest gracte of concrete 30 5 CHO C45 050 These covers may be reduced to 15 mm provided that the nominal maximum size of aggregate does not exceed 15 mun. © Where concrete is subject to freezing whilst wet, airentrainment should be used (see 5.3.3 of BS 5525: Part: 1997) aad the surength grade may be reduced by 8. [NOTE 1. This table relates to normal-weight aggregate of 20 mm nominal siz. Adjustments to minimum cement contents for aggregaies other than 20 mm nominal maximum size are detailed in table 8 of BS S828 : Part: 1097. NOTE 2 Use of sulfate resisting cement conforming to BS 4027. These cements have lower resistance to chloride fon migration. If they are used in reinforced concrete in very severe or most severe exposure conditions, the covers in table 3.3 should be increased by 10mm. NOTES. Cover should be not less than the norrnal value corresponding to the relevant environmental category plus any allowance for Joss of cover due to abrasion.‘Table 3.4 Nominal cover to all reinforcement (including links) to meet specified periods of fire resistance (see NOTES 1 and 2) ‘Fire resistance [Nominal cover he Beams? Floors ibe Columns ‘Simply ‘Contimmous | Simply Continuous | Simply Continuous | ™" supported | mm supported — | mm supported | mm 05 207) 207) 20) 207) 202) 207) 20) Ly 202) 20°) 20 20 20 202) 20°) 15 20 202) 5 20 EJ 20 20 2 40 30 % 25 5 35 25 3 Cy 40 45 35 55 w 25 4 2. 50 85 ry 65 55 25 D Por the purposes of assessing a nominal caver for beams and column, the cover to main bars which would have been obiained ‘rom tables 4.2 and 43 of BS 8110: Part 2: 1985 has been reduced by a notional allowance for stirrups of 10 mm to cover the range 8mm to 12mm (see also 2.3.6). 2) These covers may be reduced to 15 mm provided that the nominal maximum size of aggregate does not exceed 15 mm (See 3.9.1.2). NOTE 1. The nominal covers given relate specifically to the minimum member dimensions given in figure 82. Guidance on increased ‘covers necessary if smaller members are used is given in section 4 of BSS110: Part 2: 1985. [NOTE 2, Cases that lie below the bold line require attention to the additional measures necessary to reduce the risks of spalling (see section 4 of BS8110: Part2: 1985).Ref. | Calculations Output Self weight of slab = 0.175x24x45 =189 kN Finishes = 1x45 =45 kN Weight of beam rib = 0.25x(0.675-0.175)x10x24 = 30 kN 175, | 250 Total dead load , Gk 64 kN Total Live Load , Qk = 3x45 =135 KN Table 2.2: Design ultimate load, F= 1.4x264+1.6x135 = 585.6 KN Design ultimate load, W (kN/m) = 585.6/10 = 58.56 kN/m Bending Moment & Shearing Force: Maximum M=WL?/8 = FL/8 = 58.56x10/8 Maximum V=WL/2 = F/2 = 58.56x10/2 BMD wap a 732 e SFD 292.8Ref. Calculations Output Reinforcement: 1.3.4.4.4 For T-beam: b, =b,,+L,/5 = 250+10000/5 =2250mm K=M/(f,ub/d2)=732x1 09/(30x2250x628") =0.0275 <0.156 —Singly rein. Se zid =0.5+\(0.25-0.0275/0.9) =0.968 >0.95 Z =0.95x628 =596.6mm A,= Mi(0.95fyz) = 732x105/(0,95x460x596.6) =2808 mm? Use 6T25 Bot. (A,,=2950) Hanger (20% of A,,) = 590 (2720 Top) Mid span steel Use 6125 B (A=2950) aaa Hanger 220 T SBE==—_—=== =. A 6125 ARef. Calculations Output Check deflection: Mib,d? = 732x109/(2250x6282) =0.825 f, = 2/3x460x2808/2950 =292 N/mm? m = 0.55+(477-292)/(120x(0.9+0.828)) =1.44 <2 Basic Spanid =16 Allowable Span/d =16x1.44 =23.1 Actual Spanid =10000/628 =15.9< 23.1. (OK) Deflection OK ke‘Table 3.10 Modification factor for tension reinforcement Service stress] Mabd® 050 075 1.00 150 2.00 3.00 400, 5.00 6.00 100] 2.00 2.00 2.00 186 163 136 119 1.08) LOL 150} 2.00 2.00 198, 169 149 125 Lu 101 094 (Gy = 250) 167] 2.00 2.00 191 163 144 121 108 0.99 092 200} 2.00 195 176 15h 135, 14 102 0.94 08s 250] 1.90 170 155 1st 120 Los 094 0.87 082 300] 1.60 144 133 116 106 093 085 0.80 076 | (Gy = 460) 307] 1.56 LAL 130 Lit Los oon 084 0.79 076 NOTE L. The values in the tle deive from the equation: Modification factor = 055+ ML) <9 equlion 7 im(oa-2 where {1'S the design ultimate moment at the centre of the span x fora cantilever, tthe support. [NOTE 2. The design service stress in the tension reinforcement in a merner may be estimated from the equation: =2heds ax) cquation 8 ir te NOTE 3. For a continuous beam, ifthe percentage of redistribution is not known but the design ultimate moment at midspan is ‘obriously the same a5 or greater than the elastic ultimate moment, the stress fs in this table may be taken 2s 2fyRef. Calculations Check Shear At the face of the support: Vica= 292.8-58.56x0.15 = 284 kN v= Vibyd = 284x10°/(250x628) = 1.8 N/mm? vy = lesser(0.830, 5) =4.28 Nimm? > Dimensions are OK At support, we can cut 3 bars: As =2950/2 =1475 —100Asibd=100x1475/(250x628) =0.939 Vc= 0.79x0,939%X1x(30/25)"1.25 100AS/50) =0.66 Nimm? vet 0.4 =1.06 Nimm? Since v>v,+0.4 shear reinforcement is needed Design of Links: At d face of the support: Vy= 292.8-58.56x(0.15+.628) = 248.8 KN ’48,8*1000/(250x628) = 1.58 Nimm? Assume 2 legs-R10 links (A,j=157 mm?) S\=Ag X0.95fy/(by(VerVe)) =157x0.95x250/(250(1.58-0.66) =162.1 mm —> Sy max =0.75d = 0.75x628 =471mm>s, OK Capacity of nominal links = V,= (v.+0.4)bd =1.06x250x626/1000=166.42 kN Extent of shear links = (Vjaco-V,)/w =(284-152.3)/58.56 =2.25m (from column face) Number of design links = (2.25x1000/150)+1 =16 near each support i Output R10-150 Shear Links 16R10-150 near ‘support‘Table 3.10 Modification factor for tension reinforcement “Service stress| Mod® 050, 075 1.00 150 2.00, 3.00 4.00, 5.00 6.00 100] 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.86 163 1.36 119 1.08) 101 150} 2.00 2.00 1.98 169 149 125 Lu 1.01 094 Gy = 250) 167] 2.00 2.00 191 1 144 121 108 0.99 a2 200} 2.00 195 176 151 135 114 1.02 0.94 ass 250} 1.90 170 1.55 1st 120 Los 094 0.87 aga 300} 1.60 144 133 116 1.06 0.93 0.85 0.80 076 | y= 460) 307] 1.56 141 1.30 Lit 104 091 ost 0.79 O76 ‘NOTE 1. The values inthe ble desve rom dhe equation Q Modification factor = 055 + <20 option? 000-2) whee Mis the design ultimate moment atthe centre ofthe span o for &cantilve, atthe suppor. NOTE 2. ™e din servos nh tenon norcmentna mei may eet fom the qn: fa Zebsrea< equation 8 apo NOTE 3. For a continous beam, ifthe percentage of redistribution is not known but the design ultimate moment at midspan is obviously the same 2s or greater than the elastic ultimate moment, the stress fz in this table ray be taken as 2/3fyRef. Table 3.7 ol. 3.12.6 Calculations Nominal Links: (10 mm) > A;/=157 S,=A.,X0.95f/0.4b = 157x0.95x250/(0.4x250) =373 — use 300 mm Distance covered by nominal links =10000-2x150-2x2250=5200 Number of nominal links =5200/300 =18 Check Cracking Area of steel provided: b,/b =250/2250 =0.11 Min: 0.18b,)h/100 = 0.18x250x675/100 = 303 mm?/m Max: 4x250x675/100 = 6750 Provided: 6T25, 303<2950<6750 OK ‘Spacing of bars= (250-2x25-2x10-3x25)2_ = 52.5 >25 Ok <155 OK Transverse steel on flange =1.5h =1.5x175 =262 mm?/m Top reinforcement of slab over the beam should not be less than > x Anchorage: Lap length = 40x25 =1000 mm =anchorage length Curtailment of bars: Cut 3725 at 0.08L =0.08x10000=800 mm from center of column. Output Nominal Links 18R10-300 Transverse Steel 710-300 cleTable 3.25 — Minimum percentages of reinforcement Siewation Definition of | Minimum percentage percentage 7 = 250 Nim? | fy = 460 Nima™ % “ Tension reinforcement Sections subjected mainly to pure tension 1o0ayA, [0.8 0.45 Sections subjected to flexure: ) flanged beams, web in tension: 1) by lb < 0.4 1004/b,h {0.32 2) byl = 0.4 100A Jbgh {0.24 b) flanged beams, flange in tension: 1) T-beam 100A/b,h {0.48 2) L-beam 100A/bgh {0.36 ©) rectangular section (in solid slabs this minimum should |100A/A, [0.24 be provided in both directions)3.12.11 Spacing of reinforcement 3.12.11.1 Minimum distance between bars ‘The horizontal distance between bars should not be less than hag, + 5 mm, where haz, is the maximum size of coarse aggregate. Where there are two or more rows: a) the gaps between corresponding bars in each row should be vertically in line: b) the vertical distance between bars should be not less than 2hge¢/3. When the bar size exceeds h,,,+ 5 mm, a spacing less than the bar size or equivalent bar size should be avoided. 3.12.11.2.3 Clear horizontal distance between bars in tension The clear horizontal distance between adjacent bars, or groups, near the tension face of a beam should be not greater than the value given in Table 3.28 depending on the amount of redistribution carried out in analysis and the characteristic strength of the reinforcement. Sub-clauses 3.12.11.2.4 to 3.12.11.2.9 give details of cases where Table 3.28 does not apply or its recommendations may be adjusted. Table 3.28 — Clear distance between bars according to percentage redistribution & “redistribution to oF from section considered 30 =20 =10 0 +10 +20 +30 200 225 255 280 300 300 250 300 460 |110 125 140 170 185 200Ref. Calculations Output End Anchorage 3.12.9.4 End anchorage length= 12 =12x25 = 300mm beyond the center line of the support. Since the column is only 300mm, there is no provision for this length. An equivalent 90° bend can be used as shown: 100mm 100mm& 16R10@150 2280) Z k § 2720 2720 ) tis RI es 10@200 R10@150 250, 6120 3725 Sec. Dimensions Sec. 1-1 Seo. 2-2 _16R10@150 18R10@300 { - 2250.mm 20mm | Reinforcement Details of Beam B1