Name: PEPITO, ALEXIS R. Yr.

& Sec: BSED-SCIENCE 3B Rating: _______

Instructor: PROF. MA. VEVICA P. MARANAN, MA.Ed.

Subject: THERMODYNAMICS
Date: MARCH 23, 2022
Assignment 2.0: HEAT AND TEMPERATURE

Directions: Answer the following questions based on the video presentation.

1. What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Answer:

Temperature, in layman’s term, is the hotness or coldness of an object. However, as further

explained in the video presentation, temperature is the measurement of the amount of heat energy
available for work in a system. Temperature is measured using a thermometer. Heat, or heat
energy, on the other hand, is the average kinetic energy of molecules in the system. Thus, higher
temperatures would mean faster moving molecules or particles. Heat always flows from a warmer
area to a colder one since through collision, the particles impart some of their kinetic energy to
other particles as they move until such time both ares reach thermal equilibrium. Since heat is a
transfer of kinetic energy, it is measured in joules.

2. What are the units of heat and temperature in the metric(SI) and English System?

Answer:

English System SI/ Metric System

Temperature degree Fahrenheit (⁰F) degree Celsius (⁰C)

degree Rankine (°R) Kelvin (K)

Heat (Energy) calories (cal) Joules (J)

kilocalories (kcal) kilojoules (kJ)

3. How do we convert:

a. ⁰F to ⁰C

Answer:

⁰C= (°F - 32) / 1.8 

b. ⁰C to ⁰F

Answer:

⁰F= (°C x 1.8) + 32

c. ⁰C to K

Answer:

0 ⁰C= 273.15 K

K= ⁰C + 273.15

d. ⁰C to ⁰R

Answer:

°R= (°C + 273.15) x 1.8

4. Show the derivation of the equation on specific heat capacity step by step.

Answer:

The specific heat capacity, also known as specific heat, refers to the amount of heat required
to cause a unit of mass (say a gram or a kilogram) to raise its temperature by 1°C. To derive the
equation for specific heat:

First, subtract the final and initial temperature to get the change in temperature (ΔT).

Tfinal - Tinitial= ΔT

Next, multiply the change in temperature with the mass of the sample.
 ΔT x m

Then, divide the heat supplied/energy with the product.

q/ ΔT x m

Lastly, the formula is s = q / (ΔT ⨉ m)

where s= specific heat (J/ g ⁰C), q= heat absorbed/released (J), ΔT= temperature change ( ⁰C),
and m= mass (g)

To simplify things:

q= smΔT

q= s(mΔT)

q / mΔT= s(mΔT)/ mΔT

q / mΔT= s(mΔT)/ mΔT

s= q / mΔT

5. What is calorimetry?

Answer:

Calorimetry is the study of the measurement of the amount of heat exchanged by the system
and the surrounding with the aid of a calorimeter. In other words, it is a process of the amount of
heat released or absorbed (by the system) due to chemical reactions, physical changes, and
phase transitions.

6. Solve: (Follow the steps in problem solving)

A 4.82 g of an unknown metal is heated to 115.0 ⁰C and then placed in 35 ml of water at 28.7
⁰C, which then heats up to 34.5 ⁰C. What is the specific heat of the metal?

Given:

mmetal= 4.82 g

mwater= 35 g
 qmetal= 115.0 ⁰C

Tinitial= 28.7 ⁰C (water)

Tfinal= 34.5 ⁰C (water)

swater= 4.186 J/g ⁰C

Tfinal= 115.0 ⁰C (metal)

Find:

ΔTwater= ?

ΔTmetal= ?

qabsorbed= ?

smetal= ?

Formula:

ΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial

q= smΔT (a.k.a. q= mcΔT)

Solution: (Find ΔT=water)

ΔTwater= Tfinal - Tinitial

ΔTwater= 34.5 ⁰C - 28.7 ⁰C

ΔTwater= 5.8 ⁰C

Note that Tinitial of metal is equal to the Tfinal of water, thus:

Solution: (Find ΔTmetal)

ΔTmetal= Tfinal - Tinitial

ΔTmetal= 115.0 ⁰C - 34.5 ⁰C

 ΔTmetal= 80.5 ⁰C

Solution: (Find qabsorbed)

qabsorbed= swatermwaterΔT

qabsorbed= (4.186 J/g ⁰C) (35 g)(5.8 ⁰C)

qabsorbed= (4.186 J/g ⁰C) (203 g ⁰C)

qabsorbed= 849.758 J

Note that qabsorbed (by the water) =qreleased (by the unknown metal).

Solution: (Find smetal)

qreleased= smetalmmetalΔT

849.758 J= smetal(4.82 g)(80.5 ⁰C)

849.758 J= smetal(388.01 ⁰C)

849.758 J / 388.01 g ⁰C= smetal(388.01 g ⁰C) / 388.01 g ⁰C

smetal= 2.19 J/g ⁰C

Therefore, the specific heat (s) of the unknown metal is 2.19 J/g ⁰C.

References:

 https://youtu.be/LL54E5CzQ-A

 https://youtu.be/2wqtK3GNFdQ

 https://youtu.be/yhNHJ7WdT8A