Circular Economy: Approaches in Waste

Management in Oman
Marwa Rashid Al Fulaiti
Social Outreach & Community Engagement Lead
be’ah Academy, Environmental Center of Excellence

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 Outline
• Circular Economy Concept
• Waste Management in Oman
• be’ah: Municipal Waste Management Strategy
• Municipal Solid Waste
• Service Takeover
• be’ah: Diversion Strategy: Applying Circular Economy in Oman
• Be’ah: Industrial Waste Strategy

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 Waste Management in the
Sultanate of Oman

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 Definition of Solid Waste
Basel Convention Definition of Wastes
“Substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be
disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of the law”

Oman joined the Basel Convention treaty on 1994 following a Royal

Decree (119/1194).

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 Waste Types and its Sources
Municipal Waste Non- Municipal Waste

Household Individuals Industrial Agricultural

Commercial Institutional Healthcare

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 The Legacy Framework of the “Cleaning” Sector

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 Oman: Waste Management Framework Structure
Waste Management & Cleaning Services Providers Environmental Legislator & Regulator

Willayat Sohar Ministry Of Environment &

Sohar Municipality Climate Affairs

Muscat Governorate
Muscat Municipality
Healthcare Waste Permits
Most of Oman
Ministry of Regional
Municipalities & Ministry Of Health
Water Resources

Dhofar Governorate
Dhofar Municipality

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 Oman: Legacy Infrastructure

10 engineered
Over landfill

382
2 sanitary landfill

Dumpsites
20 Transfer Stations
Scattered Around the Country

1 Healthcare Waste Treatment

Facility

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 Municipal Solid Waste

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 Oman: Municipal Solid Waste Generation*
60
Over 2 million
tons of waste Over 382
was generated in dumpsites around
50

2016 in Oman the Sultanate

40

30
53 88
49
47 20

36
27 24
10
21
8 21 6
0
Muscat North Al- Al-Dakhiliya Dhofar South Al- South Al- North Al- Al-Dhahirah Al-Buraiymi Al-Wusta Musandam
Batinah Batinah Sharqiya Shariqiya

Population Waste Generation (tons per annum) Dumpsites

*Internal estimates 2014. Does not include industrial waste, Healthcare waste, ELT, ELV, C&D, WEEE

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 Oman: Municipal Solid Waste Generation*
2.5
Around 5,069 tons per
day of in 2016
Oman average…..
2.11 1.2 kg / 2person / day

1.5

1.38 1.37
1.26
1
1.05
0.91 0.95
0.81
0.75
0.58 0.5
0.52

0
Muscat North Al- Al-Dakhiliya Dhofar South Al- South Al- North Al- Al-Dhahirah Al-Buraiymi Al-Wusta Musandam
Batinah Batinah Sharqiya Shariqiya

Waste Generation (Tons per Day) Waste Generation (Kg per Capita per Day)

*Internal estimates 2016. Does not include industrial waste, Healthcare waste, ELT, ELV, C&D, WEEE

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 Municipal Waste Composition*

Other
Wood 18% Food Waste
2% 27%

Over
Paper
5%
Park & Bio
5%
57 million
OMR
Textile
6%
per annum
Metal & Plastic
Glass 21%
6% Carton
10%

*be’ah municipal waste composition study (2013)

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 Collection & Disposal

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 be’ah’s Establishment

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 National Strategy Recommendations (Waste Management Report)

1. Create an effective organizational structure and framework for waste management

in Oman.
2. Establish a holding company owned by the government with subsidiaries
(Geographical).
3. Implement the urgent recommended projects.
4. Lay the foundation for an Integrated Waste Management System and the overall
strategy with the frame time (Long & Short terms), budgets, tariffs, and required
resources.
5. Establish an independent National Authority to regulate Solid and Hazardous
Waste.
6. Establish a unified law for the sector (Regulatory Framework) with separate
legislations including hazardous and non hazardous waste.
7. Implement an integrated Financial System for Solid waste Management and use
this System for the tariffs.
8. Privatize with flexibility in engaging the private sector in the Waste Management
Industry.

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 be’ah

Oman Municipal Solid

Environmental Takeover Waste
Services Holding Healthcare Management
Company “be’ah” Treatment ServiceTakeover
Established Facility Commencement

July ‘06 July ’07 Aug ’09 2011 Jul ’12 Dec ‘15

Budget
Draft Strategy Royal Decree
Approved by
Report: 46/2009
Ministry of
National Solid
Finance
Waste Management
Project

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 be’ah: Responsibilities

• Restructure waste management activities across the Sultanate.

• Take over waste management responsibilities from other Municipalities
and stakeholders.
• Streamline, commercialize and privatize the waste management sector

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 be’ah: Vision

“
Conserve the
To

Environment of our Beautiful

Oman for our Future
Generations”
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 be’ah: Strategic Goals

1 Damage Control

2 Restructure WM Services

3 Develop WM Sector
Restructure WM Services
4 Support Oman’s Economy
Develop WM Sector

Support Oman’s Economy

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 MSW Infrastructure

Close all
Dumpsites by 2017

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 MSW Infrastructure

Replace with
10-11 Engineered Landfills
&
18-25 Transfer Stations

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 MSW Infrastructure
Al Multqa Engineered Landfill

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 MSW Infrastructure
Barka Engineered Landfill

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 MSW Infrastructure
Barka Engineered Landfill

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MSW Infrastructure
Barka Engineered Landfill

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 Transfer Stations

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 Waste to Energy:
• The Waste to Energy concept has been around for
over 100 years
• Over 2,000 Waste to Energy facilities found around
the globe

Denmark

Copenhagen: Denmark

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 Waste to Energy Applications:
• Europe: Waste to Energy or heating.
• Singapore: Waste to energy (lack of space).
• UK: Waste to energy (Landfilling legislation)
• Qatar- Abu Dhabi- Al Sharjah- Kuwait: Waste to Energy
(reduce landfilling)

Austria

Doha Abu Dhabi Proposal

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 Circular Economy

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 ‫هرم إدارة النفايات بالمفهوم التقليدي‬

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 ‫هرم إدارة النفايات بالمفهوم الحديث‬

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 Linear Economy

Exploration Production
Waste Waste
“End of Life”
Waste

Take Make Dispose

Fossil Fuel

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 Circular Economy

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 Circular Economy Cycels

Biological Cycle Technical Cycle

Regenerative by design Restorative by design
Designed to reenter the Designed to circulate at
biosphere safely without high quality in the
toxics production system
without entering the
biosphere

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 Circular Economy

Mining / Material
Manufacturing
Increasingly powered by
renewable energy
Design
out waste
Preserve and enhance
natural capital by controlling
finite stocks and balancing
renewable resource flows

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 Circular Economy

Mining / Material
Manufacturing

Parts Manufacturer Build

resilience
Product Manufacturer
through diversity.
New innovative Build for reuse,
Service Providers refurbishing,
service based
business model and recycling

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 Technical Cycle

Think in
cascades

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 Biological Cycle

Think in
cascades

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 Conserving our Beautiful Oman

THANK YOU

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