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Dhul-Hijjah Aur Qurbani - Urdu, English & Hindi by Dr. Najeeb Qasmi
Dhul-Hijjah Aur Qurbani - Urdu, English & Hindi by Dr. Najeeb Qasmi
Dhul-Hijjah Aur Qurbani - Urdu, English & Hindi by Dr. Najeeb Qasmi
First Ten Days of Dhul-Hijjah: Allah has sworn by the first ten days of Dhul-
Hijjah in the Qur’an (By the Dawn. By the ten nights (i.e. the first ten days of
month of Dhul-Hijjah) Sura Al-Fajr, Verses: 1-2). This shows that the first ten
days of Dhul-Hijjah are of great importance in Islam. The important rite of Hajj
i.e. ‘Wuqufe Arafah’ is also performed in these ten days, which is the day of
acquiring the greatest blessings of Allah. Thus, after Ramadan, there is the
best chance to attain the success in the Hereafter in these days. Therefore, in
these days, worship Allah as much as you can, do His Zikr, observe fast and
offer sacrifice. There are special virtues of worshipping in these days which
are mentioned in Ahadith, out of which I am describing some Ahadith below:
It is reported from Abdullah bin Abbas (RA) that the Prophet (PBUH) said:
“On no other days are good deeds more liked by Allah than on these ten
days (i.e. the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah).” (Sahih Bukhari)
It is reported from Abdullah bin Abbas (RA) that the Prophet (PBUH) said:
“No other days are considered more virtuous by Allah than these ten
days, therefore, you should recite Tasbeeh-o-Tehleel and Takbeer-o-
Tahmeed in abundance.” (Tabraani)
In these days, everyone should try to recite Takbeer-e-Tashreeq as much
as possible. The kalimaat (wordings) of Takbeer-e-Tashreeq are: Allahu
Akbar, Allahu Akbar La Ilaha Illallahu Wallahu Akbar Allahu Akbar Wa
lillahil Hamd.
Fasting On the Day Of Arafah: It is reported by Qatada (RA) that the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) said: “About the fasting on the day of Arafah, I surely hope
that Allah will expiate the sins of the preceding year and the coming year
because of it.” (Sahih Muslim)
From this Hadeeth, we come to know that fasting on the day of Arafah
expiates the sins of the preceding year and the coming year. Therefore, fast
on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah.
The Holy Prophet (PBUH) offered the sacrifice of hundred camels on Hajjat-
ul-Wida (the farewell pilgrimage) out of which he slaughtered sixty-three (63)
camels by his own hands while the rest (37) camels were slaughtered by Ali
(RA). (Sahih Muslim, Hajjat-un-Nabi). This is the practical demonstration of
the saying of the Prophet (PBUH) (No deed is more beloved to Allah than
sacrifice on 10th Dhul-Hijjah) and this practice is also an answer to those
people who say after getting inspired by the western culture to distribute
money among the needy instead of sacrificing animals. The way, in which
Islam has always cared about the poor, we do not see such example in any
other religion. Rather, it is the Islamic Shari’ah which is the first to make the
mankind realise the pain and needs of poor and weak individuals. By always
caring for the poor and the orphans, the Islamic Shari’ah demands from us to
offer the sacrifice in the days of Eid-ul-Azha following the Sunnah of Prophet
(PBUH) and in the remembrance of the great sacrifice of Ibraheem and
Ismaeel (AS). As the Prophet of mankind (PBUH) said: “The wealth spent on
anything is never superior to the wealth that has been spent on doing
sacrifice on the day of Eid-ul-Azha.” (Sunan Dar Qutni, Sunan Kubra Lil
Baihaqi)
Nowadays, some people, inspite of this fact that they have acquired the
concept of Islamic rites and Sunnat-e-Mu’akkada, have started to preach
against this practice which is in continuation since more than 1400 years.
They preach that one sacrifice is enough for the whole family and it is better
to offer sacrifice as less as possible, which is against the injunctions of the
Qur’an and Sunnah. Because the whole Muslim Ummah is of the opinion to
sacrifice in these days as much as possible, in the light of the sayings of
Prophet (PBUH).
Like other good deeds, the motive of offering sacrifice is the seeking of
Allah’s pleasure. As Allah says: “Say (O Muhammad (PBUH)): ‘Verily, my
Salaat (prayer), my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, the Lord of
the Worlds’.”(Sura Al-An’aam, Verse: 162). Thus Allah says: “It is neither
their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah, but it is the piety from you that
reaches Him.” (Sura Al-Hajj, Verse: 37).
Sacrifice is Wajib: It has been a dispute since ages about considering the
sacrifice as ‘Wajib’ or ‘Sunnat-e-Mu’akkada’, but this is the consensus of
whole Ummah that sacrifice is an Islamic practice and whoever can offer the
sacrifice, should not delay it; whether it is termed as Wajib or Sunnat-e-
Mu’akkada or Islamic practice. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) always offered
sacrifice in Madina, irrespective of this that there was no cooking for months
in his home due to lack of food items. Imam Abu Hanifa (RHA), who was born
in 80 Hijrah, declared sacrifice as “Wajib”. A narration of Imam Malik (RHA)
and Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal (RHA) also terms the sacrifice as Wajib. There
is consensus among the scholars of Indo-Pak, who ascribe to the same
opinions, as this statement is based on precaution. Allama Ibne Taimiyah
(RHA) has also taken the same word of sacrifice as Wajib. Some of the
reasons to justify sacrifice as Wajib are as follows:
Allah says in the Qur’an (Surah Al Kausar): “So pray to your Lord and
offer sacrifice.” In this verse, it is ordered to sacrifice and an order is
usually for a Wajib act, as the interpreters have written in the
interpretation of this verse. Allama Abu Bakr Jasaas (RHA) (born in 305
Hijrah) writes in his book (Ahkaam-ul-Qur’an): Hassan Basri (RHA) says
that the prayer mentioned in this verse (Sura Al-Kausar) is the Eid prayer
and the sacrifice mentioned in the same verse is the sacrifice and
slaughtering of animals. Mufassir-e-Qur’an Shaikh Abu Bakr Jasaas
(RHA) says that it proves two things: 1) The Eid prayer is Wajib. 2) The
sacrifice is Wajib.
Abu Huraira (RA) is reported to have said that the Prophet (PBUH) said:
“If a person has the means to offer sacrifice, but still he does not sacrifice,
he should not come near to our Eid-prayer grounds.” (Sunan Ibne Majah,
Baabul Azahi Hiya Wajiba Am La & Musnad Ahmed Volume 2 Page 321,
Al Sunan-Al-Kubra Volume 9 Page 260 Kitabuz Zahaya).
The Prophet (PBUH) has strictly warned on not doing sacrifice inspite of
having the means, and such type of warning is always for leaving any
Wajib, therefore, we came to know that sacrifice is a Wajib act.
Jundub bin Sufyan Al-Jabli (RHA) is reported to have said that I met
Prophet (PBUH) on the day of Eid-ul-Azha. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “If
a person has offered the sacrifice before the Eid prayer, so he should
offer another sacrifice, and if a person has not sacrificed before Eid prayer
so he should sacrifice after the Eid prayer.” (Sahih Bukhari. Baab Man
Zabaha Qablas Salaat A’aada). The Prophet (PBUH) ordered for another
sacrifice in case of sacrificing before the Eid-ul-Azha prayer, although the
Companions (RA) were not financially wealthy at that time. This is a clear
indication of sacrifice being a Wajib act.
The animals for sacrifice: Sheep, goat, cow, buffalo and camel (male and
female) can be slaughtered in sacrifice. As Allah says: “Eight pairs, of the
sheep two (male and female) and of the goats two (male and female), And of
the camels two (male and female), and of oxen two (male and female).” (Sura
Al-An’aam, Verses: 143-144).
Buffalo is also included in the animals of sacrifice because it is also a type of
cow. Therefore, it is allowed to sacrifice a buffalo. It is the Ijma’ (unanimous
consensus) of the Muslim Ummah that the order of buffalo is similar to that of
a cow. (Kitab-ul-Ijma’ Li ibne Munzir, Page 37) Hassan Basri (RHA) (died in
110 H) says that buffalo is in the same category of a cow (Musannaf Ibne Abi
Shaibah Volume 7, Page 65). Imam Sufyan Suri (RHA) (died in 161 H) says
that buffalo will be considered in the same category of a cow (Musannaf
Abdul Razzak Volume 4, Page 23). Imam Malik (RHA) (died in 179 H) says
that buffalo is also like a cow (It means that it has the same order as that of a
cow) (Mu’atta Malik Baab Ma Jaa’a fi Sadaqatil Fitr). It is also the opinion of
most of the scholars of Indo-Pak that buffalo has the same order as that of a
cow. The famous scholar of Saudi Arabia Shaikh Muhammad Othaimeen has
also included buffalo in the same order as that of a cow. Buffalo is not found
among Arabs, that is why, its order is not given in detail in the holy Qur’an.
(Majmu’a Fatawa wa Rasail Shaikh Othaimeen (RHA) 34/25).
Age of the Animal: Among the animals to be sacrificed, the age of sheep
and goat should be one year, cow and buffalo of two years and the camel
should be of five years, but the sheep or lamb that seems to be of one year
can also be sacrificed.
The days of sacrifice: There are three days of Sacrifice 10th, 11th, and 12th
Dhul-Hijjah.
Abdullah Ibne Umar (RA) said in the interpretation of this Qur’anic verse
(“and recite Allah‘s name in specified days” Surah Al-Hajj, Verse: 28) that
the “specified Days” mean Yaum-un-Nahar (10th Dhul-Hijjah) and the two
days after it (Tafseer Ibne Abi Haatim al Razi Volume 6, Page 261).
Salma Bin Akwa’ (RA) narrates that the Prophet (PBUH) said: If a person
offers sacrifice, so there must not be any sacrificed meat left in his home
after the third day.” (Sahih Bukhari, Baab Ma Yukalu Min Luhumil Azaahi).
It is taken from this Hadeeth that there are just three days for sacrifice, so,
when the sacrificed meat in not allowed to be kept on the fourth day, then
how there would be the permission to sacrifice the whole animal?
Explanation: In the early days of Islam, it was not allowed to keep the
sacrificed meat after three days. Later, it was permitted that it can be kept
even after three days (Mustadrak Hakim Volume 4, Page 259). No one
should misunderstand from this, that if it is allowed now to keep the sacrificed
meat after three days, so we can sacrifice after three days, as the sacrificed
meat can be kept for the whole year, so can we offer the sacrifice the whole
year too? Never! It was never allowed to sacrifice after the third day and the
order is still the same.
Ali (RA) is also reported to have said the same that there are just three days
of sacrifice. (Mu’atta Malik, Kitabuz Zahaya).
Abdullah Bin Abbas (RA) says that the days of sacrifice are 10th Dhul-Hijjah
and two days after it. However, it is preferable to sacrifice on the first day (i.e.
10th Dhul-Hijjah) (Ahkaam-ul-Qur’an Lit-Tahawi, Volume 2, Page 205).
Explanation: Some scholars are of the opinion on the basis of this Hadeeth
of Musnad Ahmed (sacrifice is in all the days of Tashreeq), that if a person
was unable to sacrifice till 12th Dhul-Hijjah, he can offer the sacrifice on the
13th Dhul-Hijjah. But Imam Abu Hanifa (RA), Imam Malik and Imam Ahmed
bin Hanbal (RA) have explained in the light of the above justifications that
sacrifice can be offered in only three specified days. Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal
(RA) had himself explained about the stated Hadeeth in his book that this is a
weak Hadeeth. And, the rule of the Hadeeth is, that we cannot prove any
commandment from a weak Hadeeth. Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal (RA) has
written that many companions (RA) for example Abdullah bin Umar (RA) and
Abdullah bin Abbas (RA) had the same opinion. It is also safe to consider
this, that the days of the sacrifice should be limited to only three days
because it is also not proved from Prophet (PBUH) or any of his companions
(RA) to sacrifice on 13th Dhul-Hijjah.
The person who has to sacrifice should neither clip nails nor trim hair:
Mother of the faithful, Umme Salma (RA) is reported to have said that the
Prophet (PBUH) said: “When the month of Dhul-Hijjah starts and whoever
intends to offer the sacrifice should not trim his hair or nails.” (Sahih Muslim).
In the light of this Hadeeth and other Ahadeeth, it is Mustahab (desirable) for
the person who has to sacrifice that they should not trim his hair of any part of
his body and should not trim his nails after the sighting of the moon of Dhul-
Hijjah. Therefore, if he needs to trim his hair or nails, he should do so in the
end of Dhul-Qa’da.
क़ुबानी के जानवर: भेड़, बकर , गाए, भNस और ऊंट (नर व मादा) क़ुबाKनी के @लए
ज़बह ;कए जा सकते हN जैसा ;क अ(लाह तआला फरमाता है आठ जानवर हN दो
भेड़7 म1 से और दो बकRरय7 म1 से, दो ऊंट7 म1 से और दो गाय7 म1 से। (सरू ह
अनआम 143, 144)
क़ुबाKनी के जानवरो म1 भNस भी दाXखल है , य7;क यह भी गाए क6 एक ;क़?म है
@लहाज़ा भNस क6 क़ुबाKनी भी जाएज़ है । उ मते मिु ?लमा का इजमा है ;क भNस का
हुकुम गाए वाला है । (;कताबल
ु इजमा @लइ=ने मंिु जर पेज 37) हज़रत हसन बसर
फरमाते हN ;क भNस गाए के दरजे म1 है । (मस
ु Qनफ इ=ने अबी शैबा िज(द 7 पेज 65)
हज़रत इमाम सफ
ु यान सौर फरमाते हN ;क भNस7 को गाए के साथ शम
ु ार ;कया
जाएगा। (मस
ु Qनफ अ=दरु रEज़ाक़ िज(द 4 पेज 23) हज़रत इमाम मा@लक फरमाते
हN ;क भNस गाए ह है (यानी गाए के हुकुम म1 है ) (मअ
ु _ता इमाम मा@लक) 4हQद व
पाक के जमहूर उलमा क6 भी यह राय है ;क भNस गाए के हुकुम म1 है । सउद अरब
के मशहूर आ@लम शैख मोह मद Pबन उसैमीन ने भी भNस को गाए के हुकुम म1
शा@मल ;कया है । भNस अरब7 म1 नह ं पाई जाती है , इस@लए इसका िज़J क़ुरान कर म
म1 वज़ाहत से नह ं है । (मजमआ
ू फतावा व रसाइल शैख इ=ने उसैमीन 34/25)
मौसआ
ू ;फकह कुवैhतया म1 यह मज़कूर है ;क भNस गाए के हुकुम म1 है ।
क़ुबानी के जानवर म0 शरु का क# तादाद: अगर क़ुबाKनी का जानवर बकरा, बकर , भेड़
या द ु बा है तो वह @सफK एक आदमी क6 तरफ से ;कफायत करती है । हज़रत
अ=द(ु लाह Pबन उमर रिज़य(लाहु अQहु फरमाते हN ;क बकर एक आदमी क6 तरफ से
होती है । (एलाउस सन
ु न)
अगर क़ुबाKनी का जानवर ऊंट, गाए या भNस है तो उसम1 सात आदमी शर क हो सकते
हN। हज़रत जाPबर रिज़य(लाहु अQहु फरमाते हN ;क हम हुज़रू अकरम स(ल(लाहु
अलै4ह वस(लम के साथ हज का एहराम बांध कर hनकले तो आप स(ल(लाहु अलै4ह
वस(लम ने हुकुम 4दया ;क हम ऊंट और गाए म1 सात सात आदमी शर क हो जाएं।
(सह मिु ?लम) हज़रत जाPबर रिज़य(लाहु अQहु फरमाते हN हमने हुदैPबया वाले साल
हुज़ूर अकरम स(ल(लाहु अलै4ह वस(लम के साथ क़ुबाKनी क6, चन ु ांचे ऊंट सात
आद@मय7 क6 तरफ से और गाए सात आद@मय7 क6 तरफ से ज़बह क6। (सह
मिु ?लम)
डॉ टर मह
ु मद नजीब क़ासमी (www.najeebqasmi.com)
najeebqasmi@gmail.com
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