EE354 Spring 2022 – Yeditepe University Midterm 2, Duration 90 minutes.

09:00 – 11:00

Name Lastname ID Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Total

20 20 20 20 20 100

Question 1 (20 pts)

An M-ary PAM baseband transmission at the data rate of 960 Kbit/s is to be transmitted by means of Nyquist’s first
criterion pulses with roll-off factor r = 0.2. The channel available for transmission of this data has a bandwidth of 120
kHz. Determine the minimum value of M suitable for this transmission.

Question 2 (20 pts)

Let X be normally (Gaussian) distributed with mean 𝜇 = 5 and variance 𝜎 2 = 16. Compute the following
expressions.

(a) 𝑃(𝑋 > 8) =?, (b) 𝑃(1 < 𝑋 < 6) =?, (c) 𝑃(𝑋 > 7|𝑋 > 6) =?, (d) 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑇) = 5 × 10−4 , 𝑇 =?, (e) 𝑃(𝑋 < 𝑇) =
3 × 10−5 , 𝑇 =?
Question 3 (20 pts)

For a binary non-symmetric channel, it is given that

𝑃(𝑌 = 0|𝑋 = 1) = 0.1

𝑃(𝑌 = 1|𝑋 = 0) = 0.2
where 𝑋 is the transmitted and 𝑌 is the received bit respectively. Assume that 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 0.4.

a) (10 pts) Determine 𝑃(𝑌 = 0) and 𝑃(𝑌 = 1).

b) (10 pts) Determine 𝑃(𝑋 = 1|𝑌 = 0) and 𝑃(𝑋 = 1|𝑌 = 1).

Question 4 (20 pts)

Determine the Nyquist sampling rate for the following signals:

(a) 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 2 (6500𝜋𝑡); (b) 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(1000𝜋𝑡); (c) 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(100𝜋𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(200𝜋𝑡). (d) 4 cos(100𝜋𝑡) cos(200𝜋𝑡)

Question 5 (20 pts)

Assume we transmit binary equally likely bits with a data rate of 𝑅𝑏 = 5 𝑘𝑏𝑝𝑠 kbps over an AWGN channel and employ
matched filter at the receiver. The pulse shape used at the transmitter side has the form,
𝑇𝑏
𝑝(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑢(𝑡) − 𝐴𝑢(𝑡 − ) 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤𝑇𝑏
2
where 𝑢(𝑡) is the unit step signal and 𝑇𝑏 is the bit period. In order to transmit bit 1, we use 𝑝(𝑡), on the other hand
𝑇𝑏
in order to transmit bit 0 we use 𝑞(𝑡) = 𝑝 (𝑡 − ).
2

a) (10 pts) Plot the outgoing baseband waveform for the bit sequence 0 1 1 0 1 0.
𝑁0 𝑊
b) (10 pts) If the noise power spectral density is equal to 2
= 10−4 𝐻𝑧, what should be the value of 𝐴 so that
the bit error rate at the output of the receiver is 𝑃𝑏 = 10−6.

𝐸𝑝 + 𝐸𝑞 − 2𝐸𝑝𝑞
𝑃𝑏 = 𝑄 (√ )
2𝑁0