Question 1:

The objective of biological treatment in wastewater is to transform (oxidize) dissolve and particulate
biodegradable constituents into acceptable end product then it will release to the environment.
Next, is to capture and incorporate suspended and non-settleable colloid into biological floc or bio
film on the surface of the water and remove it away. Then, to transform or remove nutrients that is
not needed by the wastewater such as nitrogen and phosphorus that can cause eutrophication
problem. Remove specific trace organic constituents and compound that is not needed by the waste
water.

Question 2:

Carbon source – when microorganism obtain carbon for cell growth (need input energy) from
organic matter it is called heterotrophs. While, when microorganism obtain carbon for cell growth
(need input energy) from carbon dioxide it is called autotrophs.

Energy source – when microorganism needed energy for cell synthesis, it may be supplied by light
(for algae and photosynthetic bacteria) or chemical oxidation reaction which is called chemotrophs
process (for nitrifying bacteria) this process is known as autotrophs. While, when microorganism
needed energy for cell synthesis, that may be supplied by light (for sulphur reduction bacteria) or
chemical oxidation reaction which is called chemotrophs (for protozoa, fungi and most becteria) it is
known as heterotrophs.

Question 3:

Facultative metabolism of microorganism Obligate metabolism of microorganism

Organism use nitrate/nitrite or oxygen to Organism use only oxygen to produce energy.
produce energy. - Obligate aerobes are microorganisms
- Facultative anaerobes can use oxygen that must have oxygen as the terminal
as terminal electron acceptor and electron acceptor
under certain conditions where they - Obligate anaerobes are
can also grow in the absence of oxygen. microorganisms that cannot survive in
- Under anoxic condition, a group of the presence of oxygen.
facultative anaerobes called denitrifiers
utilizes nitrites and nitrates as the
terminal electron acceptor. Nitrate
nitrogen is converted to nitrogen gas in
the absence of oxygen and it is known
as anoxic denifrication.
Question 4:

The COD used because the substrate concentration in wastewater can be define of its oxygen
equivalence which can conversed in the biomass or oxidize.

So = 500 g/m3 S = 10 g/m3

Q = 1000 m3/day X = 200 g/m3

COD utilized = COD cells + COD of oxidised substrate

The COD of the oxidize substrate is equal to oxygen consumed, thus

Oxygen consumed = COD utilized – COD cells

𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑
Thus, the oxygen consumed per unit of COD used is = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐶𝑂𝐷 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑