What is Life?

The Cell Lecture Outline:

1. What is the cell theory? Name the components of the cell theory.

The organism is made up of free cells, and its skills are explained as a functional unit of living matter.

All living things are composed of cells.

Cells are the smallest unit of life, the base unit of organization.

All cells arise from previously existing cell.

2. Identify four components found in all cells

a plasma membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
ribosomes
3. Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms:
a. prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
prokaryotes is small and simpler while eukaryotic cell is larger and more complex.
b. free and bound ribosomes
free ribosomes are not attached and freely located in the cytoplasm while attached ribosomes are
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
c. smooth and rough ER
Rough ER is the result of ribosomes attaching to the surface of an ER, giving it a different rough appearance.
A smooth ER, on the other hand, lacks ribosomes on its surface.

4. Identify what types of organisms are composed of prokaryotic cell and which organisms are composed of eukaryotic
cells.
Prokaryotes are bacteria and archaea with pro meaning before and kary meaning nucleus. Eukaryotes include
animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

5. How do plant and animal cells differ?

Animal cells have a cell wall, but plant cells do.

6. Outline all the organelles found in cells and their function.

Organelle building proteins and secretions

Peroxisome oxidative enzymes

Lysosome Protein destruction

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) especially for cell-to-cell communication

7. Describe how a protein is synthesized inside a cell. Including all organelles involved and the final products/packages
produced.
The process through which cells make proteins is called as protein synthesis. Transcription and translation are the 2
types. The transfer of genetic instructions from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus is called transcription.

8. Briefly explain the role of mitochondria and chloroplasts in cells.

Mitochondria are the cell's "powerhouses," breaking fuel molecules and trying to collect energy in the cell respiration.
And the Chloroplasts are found in plants and algae.

9. Describe the structure and functions of the cytoskeleton.

Cytoskeletons Cell organelle motion is controlled by cytoskeletons.