Levers

Introduction to lever :-
 Definition :- A lever is a rigid rod or bar capable of turning
about a fixed point, called as fulcrum.
 Function of lever is to lift a large load by applying a small
effort.
 Lever works on principle of moment.

 Ratio of load lifted to effort applied is called as mechanical

advantage.
 Consider a straight lever with parallel forces acting in the
same plane as shown in diagram Points 'A' and 'B', through
which, load and effort is applied, are known as load point
and effort point respectively. 'F' is the fulcrum, about
which, the lever is capable of turning. P is effort and W is
load.
  Perpendicular distance between the load point and fulcrum is
known as load arm (l₁). Whereas
 perpendicular distance between the effort point and fulcrum
is known as effort arm (l₂)

Types of levers :-

1)First type of lever :-

 In first type fulcrum is in between the load and the effort.

 Effort arm > load arm
 Mechanical advantage > 1
 Example :- Bell crank lever railway signaling, rock arm in
ic engine, handle of hand pump .

2) Second type of lever :-

 In second type load is in between the fulcrum and the

effort.

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  Effort arm > load arm.
 Mechanical advantage > 1
 Example:- safety valve ,nut cutter etc.

3) third type of lever :-

 In third type of lever effort is in between the fulcrum and the

load.
 Load arm > effort arm.
 1 > Mechanical advantage.
 Example a pair tongs, treadle of swing machine etc.

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Design of lever :-

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 Design procedure of lever :-

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