Part A

1. Define point estimate.

2. Define level of confidence.
3. What you mean by confidence interval (ci) for μ.
4. Write the need for t ratio and its formula.
5. How to calculate estimated standard error two independent samples.
6. Define Meta-analysis.
7. Define degree of freedom give its formula
8. Write the formula for t ration for two independent samples.
Part B
1. Briefly explain about four possible outcomes of testing the effect of Vitamin C on high school students.
2. Explain about true confidential interval and false confidential interval with example.
3. Federal law might eventually specify that new automobiles must average, for example, 45 miles
per gallon (mpg) of gasoline. Because it’s impossible to test all new cars, compliance tests would
be based on random samples from the entire production of each car model. If a hypothesis test
indicates substandard performance, the manufacturer would be penalized, we’ll assume, $200 per
car for the entire production.

The sample gas mileage data consist of six values:

40, 44, 46, 41, 43, and 44.

Do t test and justify whether the average mileage is equal to 45 mpg or above 45 mpg or below 45
mpg.
4. Is the performance of college students affected by the grading policy? In an introductory biology
class, a total of 40 student volunteers are randomly assigned, in equal numbers, to take the course
for either letter grades or a simple pass/fail. At the end of the academic term, the mean
achievement score for the letter grade students X1 equals 86.2, and the mean achievement score for
pass/fail students X2 equals 81.6. The estimated standard error is 1.50. Use t test to test the null
hypothesis at the .05 level of significance.

5. Consumers’ group randomly samples 10 “one-pound” packages of ground beef sold by a

supermarket. Calculate (a) the mean and (b) the estimated standard error of the mean for this
sample, given the following weights in ounces: 16, 15, 14, 15, 14, 15, 16, 14, 14, 14. c. The
consumers’ group suspects that a supermarket makes extra money by supplying less than the
specified weight of 16 ounces in its “one-pound” packages of ground beef. Use t test to test the null
hypothesis at the .05 level of significance with t.

6. Synthetic “blood-doping” hormone, erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates the production of oxygen-

bearing red blood cells. A mental health investigator at a wants to determine whether EPO will
increase the endurance of severely depressed patients. Volunteer patients are randomly assigned to
one of two groups: a treatment group (X1) that receives a prescribed amount of EPO and a control
group (X2) that receives a harmless neutral substance. Subsequent endurance scores are based on
the total time, in minutes, that each patient remains on a rapidly moving treadmill. Do statistical
analysis to find the difference between mean endurance scores for the treatment and control
groups. Endurance Scores (Minutes): X1 : 12 5 11 11 9 18 X2 : 7 3 4 6 3 13
7. A library system lends books for periods of 21 days. This policy is being re-evaluated in view of a
possible new loan period that could be either longer or shorter than 21 days. To aid in making this
decision, book-lending records were consulted to determine the loan periods actually used by the
patrons. A random sample of eight records revealed the following loan periods in days: 21, 15, 12,
24, 20, 21, 13, and 16. Test the null hypothesis with t, using the .05 level of significance.