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Experiment No. 9
Use Transistor as an Amplifier in Proteus Professional
(Open-ended Lab)
Course Code and Course Title:
EE-3001 Electrical and Electronic System

Section and Group: D

Semester: 6TH

Name: SYED KUMAIL ALI

Registration Number: 19-NTU-TE-0063

Date Experiment was Conducted: 06-06-2022

Date Report was Submitted: 12-06-2022

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Abstract
In this lab, our task is to measure the output characteristics of NPN Transistor by using its
Common Emitter configuration on Proteus 8.14 Software. First we make the circuit by using
different components like Transistor, Capacitor, Resistor, AC Supply, Voltmeters, and
Oscilloscope. When we play the simulation, the Oscilloscope gives us amplitude of Output
voltage and it is amplified. After that we take the output values by changing the Resistance of
Collector. The results show that this configuration has maximum gain value.

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Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................4
1.1 Objectives.............................................................................................................................4
1.2 Theory...................................................................................................................................4
1.2.1 Proteus Software...........................................................................................................4
1.2.2 Transistor......................................................................................................................4
1.2.3 Common Emitter Configuration.................................................................................4
2. Apparatus.................................................................................................................................5
3. Experimental Procedure...........................................................................................................5
4. Results & Discussion...............................................................................................................6
4.1 Results...................................................................................................................................6
4.2 Discussion.............................................................................................................................6
5. Conclusion...............................................................................................................................7

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1. Introduction

1.1 Objectives
Our main objective of this lab is to understand the Output Characteristics of Common Emitter
Transistor as Amplifier using a Proteus Software.
 We measure output voltage and its amplitude by using Oscilloscope and compare with
input supply.
 We calculate the Voltage Gain of Transistor which is higher which shows Amplification
of input signal.
1.2 Theory
1.2.1 Proteus Software
Proteus is used to simulate, design and drawing of electronic circuits. It was invented by the
Labcenter electronic. By using Proteus you can make two-dimensional circuits designs as well.
With the use of this engineering software, you can construct and simulate different electrical and
electronic circuits on your personal computers or laptops. There are numerous benefits to
simulate circuits on proteus before make them practically.

1.2.2 Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power.
The transistor is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of
semiconductor material, usually with at least three terminals for connection to an electronic
circuit

1.2.3 Common Emitter Configuration

The common-emitter (CE) configuration has the emitter as the common terminal, or ground, to
an ac signal. CE amplifiers exhibit high voltage gain and high current gain.
The input signal is applied between the base and emitter terminals while the output signal is
taken between the collector and emitter terminals. Thus, the emitter terminal of a transistor is
common for both input and output and hence it is named as common emitter configuration.

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2. Apparatus
 Operating System
 Proteus 8.13 Software

3. Experimental Procedure
 First of all we open the Proteus Software and Open a New Project.
 Next task is to import all needed components in Component Mode. We import 2N2222
Transistor, Capacitor, Resistor and VSINE.
 Next we make the circuit of Common Emitter Configuration of BJT by Grounding the
Emitter Junction.
 We apply a DC voltage of 12V for Biasing of BJT and also use Oscilloscope to measure
the Output Voltage Amplitude.
 We use AC Voltmeters of both Supply and Output terminals to measure Voltages.
 After completing the circuit we play the simulation and Check the Output signal on
Oscilloscope that is amplified.
 Then we take the Output and Supply voltage using Voltmeters by changing the Collector
resistance and note down readings. By Increasing Resistance, Output Voltage also
Increases.
 At last, we calculate the Gain of this circuit which is Maximum.

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4. Results & Discussion

4.1 Results

Measured
Av
Vin/mV Collector Resistance Ω Measured Vs/V Measured V(out)/V Vout
Av =
Vs
9V 9.4 k Ω 100mV 1.44V 14.4V
9V 8kΩ 103.33mV 1.26V 12.23V
9V 7kΩ 103.33mV 1.11V 10.77V
9V 4kΩ 103.33mV 0.5V 4.8V

Input (Yellow Signal) & Output (Blue Signal) on Oscilloscope

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4.2 Discussion
We measure the Output Characteristics of Common Emitter Configuration of BJT. We use
Oscilloscope and Voltmeters to measure the Output and supply voltages magnitude and
waveforms. We take the readings by increasing the Collector resistance and observed that the
Output Voltage Increases by increasing the Resistance.

5. Conclusion
In this lab we perform a task on PC using a Proteus Software. We measure the Output voltage
and wave form of Output Signal of a Common Emitter Configuration of BJT. We concluded that
the CE configuration has maximum voltage gain and ultimately Highest Power. By increasing
Collector Resistance the Output Voltage also Increases.

Questions

1. Canthesamevoltagegainbeachievedwithacommonbaseaswithacomm
onemitteramplifier?
Yes, it can be possible. The voltage gain of common base amplifier is
very high compare to other. As we know, voltage gain is the product of
current gain and ratio of output over input resistance/impedance, so if
we reduce the output impedance or increase the input
resistance/impedance of Common Base amplifier we can reduce the
voltage gain to the value matched with voltage gain of common emitter
amplifier. But the current gain cannot be same for both amplifiers.
2. Which configuration has the highest voltage gain and why?
The Common Base configuration has the highest voltage gain followed
very closely by Common Emitter. Transistors with low input
impedance and high output impedance provide a high voltage gain.
This is because the base-emitter junction JE at input side acts as a
forward biased diode. So the common base amplifier has a low input
impedance (low opposition to incoming current). On the other hand, the
collector-basejunction JC at output side acts somewhat like a reverse
biased diode. So the common base amplifier has high output
impedance. Therefore, the common base amplifier provides allow input
impedance and high output impedance.

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