NAME : ALINA SUJITH

COHORT : 08

MUN IMPACT : MUN @HOME

COUNTRY : CYPRUS

REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS
SDG 16: Ensure equal access and justice for all.

INTRODUCTION

● Cyprus is officially known as the Republic of Cyprus. This island

country is situated on the eastern side of the Mediterranean.
● Cyprus holds the position for being the third largest and also the third
most populous country in the Mediterranean.
● The island country gained independence in 1960, after fighting
several years against British rule.

Country Name: Republic Of Cyprus

GEOGRAPHY:
Cyprus is situated in the Middle East and towards the south of Turkey.
AREA :9,251 km

BASIC INFORMATION

HEAD OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT Nicos Anastasiades,

NAME : ALINA SUJITH

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

CAPITAL CITY Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)

POPULATION SIZE 1,266,676 (July 2020 est.)

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE Greek -80.9%, Turkish -0.2%

ETHNIC GROUPS Greek -98.8%

Other communities including Armenian,
maronite, Turkish -Cypriot constitute 1%
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Form of Government : Presidential Republic

Turkish Republic Of Northern CyPRUS (TNRC) is the name given to refer to the Turkish
Community that administers the Northern part of the island.

POLITICAL PARTIES IN CYPRUS

➔ Citizens' Alliance ( SP)
➔ Democratic Party (DIKO )
➔ Democratic Rally ( DISY )
➔ Movement of Ecologists and Environmentalists (KOP )~(Green party) ]
➔ I, the Citizen / EOP Movement of Social Democrats EDEK
➔ National Popular Front / ELAM [Christos CHRISTOU]
➔ Progressive Party of the Working People (Communist party)
➔ Solidarity Movement
➔ United Democrats / EDI
➔ Democratic Front /DIPA
➔ Animal Party Cyprus / APC

How independent is the Government?

The Republic of Cyprus adopted its constitution in 1960.The Greek
Cypriotic President and the Turkish Cypriotic Vice president exercises the
executive powers. They are elected for a term of five years through
universal franchise.

The government also consists of a cabinet of Ministers, which consists of

seven Greek Cypriots and three Turkish Cypriots. The President is
considered as the Head of both the state and the government.

How much is it affected by Religious practices (Theocracy)?

NAME : ALINA SUJITH

COHORT : 08

MUN IMPACT : MUN @HOME

COUNTRY : CYPRUS

Bi-communalism exists in Cyprus due to the significant presence of two

communities; the Greek Orthodox Christians and the Islam. Also dude to
the presence of Greek and Turkish Cypriots. Greek Orthodox christians
constituted the majority in the community.

According to the CYPRUS 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS

FREEDOM REPORT ;

● The Greek Orthodox Church has been granted the right to manage
and administer its internal affairs . It also recognises Vakf, which is
an islamic institution .
● It was claimed by the Greek Orthodox Christains that they faced
seclusion from the community if they converted to other religions.
● Leaders of various religious communities continue to meet and
discuss issues in order to reassure religious freedom across the island.

What affiliations does the Government have with Political Organisations?

Political parties in Cyprus play a vital role in both the private and public
sphere. They are often considered dominantly powerful.

Civil society organisations such as the trade unions are considered to

extend their role more than extensions of political organisations.

It is observed through research that a strong party system can pose as an

obstacle to the well functioning of CSO’s.

The oldest established political party in the Republic of Cyprus is the

Progressive Party of the Working People
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

COHORT : 08

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

Comment on the stability of the Government or political

situation in the past decade.

TIMELINE OF POLITICAL EVENTS

OVERVIEW.
The evolution of the political government can be well observed through the
timeline . The country has gone through the separation of major ethnic
communities and there has also been active participation of the UN, which
provided resolutions in mediating the issues.

1960
Independence of Cyprus after the Turkish and the Greek arrive at
conclusions on the constitution.
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1964
The peacekeeping force of the UN was setup. Green line established by the
UN

1974 Turkish forces occupy the island. The partition was enforced by the turkish
troops between the north and south along the ‘Green line’ established by
the UN after the ceasefire.

Unanimous resolution was passed by the UN Security Coucil inorder to

withdraw the turkish troops . Turkish forces refused despite the frequent
demand by the UN.

1975 Independent administration established by the Turkish Cypriots . Rauf

Denkstash was selected as their president.

1980
UN-sponsored peace talks resume.

1998
Cyprus was listed as a potential member by the European Union.

UN Security Council renews its 36-year mission.

2001
The Green Zone (buffer zone) maintained between the Greek and Turkish
Cypriots was patrolled by over 2500 peacekeepers.
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

2003
April The Cypriots crossed the Green Line for the first time in 30 years as there
was an ease in restrictions.

2004
May - Cyprus joins the EU as a dividend island .It is one among
the 10 new states to do so.

December - Turkish extends its EU union agreement to 10 new member

states including Cyprus.

2008
January - Cyprus adopts the euro.

Geography, Culture and Social

Please provide a map of your country

and distinguish neighbouring
countries:

Major ethnicities or religious

groups:
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Ethnic groups :Greek- 98.8%,

Other communities including - Maronite, Armenian, Turkish-Cypriot-1%.

● Religious Groups: Orthodox Christian -89.1%, Roman Catholic -

2.9%, Protestant/Anglican -2%, Muslim -1.8%, Buddhist -1%, other
groups-1.4%

Diversity of land (coastal, landlocked, mountainous, etc):

In accordance to the Fourth National Report to the United Nations

Convention on Biological Diversity -

● Cyprus is taken into account as biodiversity “hotspot” area,

because it is that the only centre of birds endemism in Europe
and therefore the Middle East . It is the third largest island in
the Mediterrenian .
● Natural vegetation is formed up primarily of in depth , natural
pine forests, evergreen, sclerophyllous shrubs (maquis) and
phrygana.

Terrain : it consists of extensive mountains to the north and south. Plains are mainly
scattered but there is concentration along the southern coast.

Within the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area there exists several cypriotic enclaves.
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

POVERTY RATE 23-26%

LITERACY RATE 99.1%

POPULATION GROWTH RATE 1.15%

Comment on the social atmosphere within the country from the past decade:
The division of the Cypriotic community into the northern Turkish Cypriots
and the southern Greeks have not only resulted in political differences but
cultural differences as well. The Turkish community have their own self
declared political organisations , renamed few places in Turkish , their own
periodicals and newspaper, often promoting Islamic and Turkish culture.

Whereas considering the Greek Cypriots, in spite of several civil conflicts in

1950-1970’s period the younger generations have seen to be grown in a
comparatively settled environment while they stay deeply rooted to their
Greek culture and tradition and desires to embrace is as well.

Economy
Classified as MEDC or LEDC?

Cyprus is considered as a fairly well developed country.

Ayia Napa particularly which is a part of Cyprus's coastal sector ,is very
much an MEDC (more economically developed country).
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

COHORT : 08

MUN IMPACT : MUN @HOME

COUNTRY : CYPRUS

What are the major exports and imports? And to which countries are these from
and to?

EXPORTS; Citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing are some

of the exports.
PARTNERS ; Libya -9.4%, Norway -6.7%, Greece-7.7% , UK-5.3%
Germany- 4.1%

IMPORTS ; Consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, machinery,

transport equipment are some of the known imports .

PARTNERS; Greece- 19%, Italy -7.5%, South Korea -7.3%, Germany -7%,
Netherlands -5.1%, UK- 5%, Israel -4.1%, China -7.4%

What are the main Natural resources?

The main natural resources of Cyprus include ;Gypsum, copper, pyrites,
asbestos, marble, and clay.

The mining sector of Cyprus is relatively small scale and does not majorly
contribute to the economy.

Mention any Trade Organisations or Economic Organisations your country is

affiliated with:

➢ Cyprus Fiduciary Association.

➢ Press and Information Office (PIO)
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

➢ Cyprus International Businesses Association (CIBA)

➢ CFA Society Cyprus.
➢ Cyprus Investment Funds Association (CIFA)

ECONOMY HISTORY.
● The Republic of Cyprus operated a free enterprise economy
between the 1960’s -1970’s where the prices where determined
by the market rather than the government.
● This was based mainly on trade and agriculture and this helped
the country to grow substantially and achieve a better standard
of living than all its neighbouring countries.
● The efforts were also backed up by the UN thorough its various
organisations.
● The World Bank and The International Monetary Fund have
generous donations and also suggested productive and effective
economic plans for the country.
● Through these years the country saw a significant rise in its
economy . The GDP and the per capita income grew,
agricultural production doubled, exports of goods tripled..
● Also it become a primary tourist site and tourism significantly
contributed to the economy.

GDP per capital $27,720 (acc. to 2019

est.) $41,407 (-PPP, 2019
est.)
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

GDP RANK 32nd (nominal, 2019) 31st

(PPP, 2019)

GDP by sector agriculture: 2% industry:

12.5% services: 85.5%

Percentage of unemployment:
~ App. 7.27%

Defence
The Cyprus Civil Defence aims at
carrying out Humanitarian
activities, protection of the
civilians and support in the time of
natural disasters, invasions
and maintaining the peace
between various powers.

RELATIONSHIP WITH THE U.S ~

The U.S shares a close bond with Cyprus in order to discuss issues and for the
advancement of their shared priorities in the Eastern Mediterranean. U.S have allies
partnership with Greece and Cyprus and other regions for addressing energy resources,
counterterrorism etc.
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

COHORT : 08

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

What are your relationships with the nuclear/veto powers?

BILATERAL RELATIONS

❖ WITH U.S ~
Agricultural products, salt, and minerals are some of the U.S imports from
Cyprus.Bilateral business ties also encompass a healthy exchange in services.

❖ WITH CHINA ~

‘‘A Cyprus-China Business Association’’ has been established in Cyprus in

order to safeguard , promote and encourage various economic serives ,
manage trade relations with China and Cyprus and organise meeting for the
leaders of the two countries , also ensure a smooth operations and relation
between the countries.

❖ WITH FRANCE ~
Since 1996, France has been a member of the Francophonie organisation.
France has a significant role in providing military equipment to The
Cypriotic National Guard.
France is also a supporter of Cyprus in opposing the EU against the
refusal of Turkey in admitting Cypriotic planes and ships.
❖ WITH RUSSIA~
Since the fall of the USSR, the relationship between both the
countries have increased in a positive manner.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian
Federation was recognised as the former state union, by the
Cyprus.
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

❖ WITH UNITED KINGDOM ~

After 82 years of British control, Cyprus received independence eventually
in the year 1960.
The British have allied treaties with Greece and Turkey , known as the
‘Treaty of Guarantee” which holds the British at stake for maintaining the
independence of the island.
Are there any current conflicts within or involving your country?

In 1994, the conflicts led to the separation of the island into two de-facto
autonomous units, The Cypriotic government in the north and the self
declared Turkish Community.
A 1,000 strong UN peacekeeping force has maintained the buffer zone
( Green Line) to avoid further conflict. Cyprus entered the EU as a divided
island.
There were protests in 2007 against the Cypriotc government , by Turkey
for creating hydrocarbon blocks and maintaining maritime boundaries with
Lebanon.

What is your military situation? (Independent military and/or affiliation to

military organizations)

Republic of Cyprus: Cypriot National Guard

It is a joint military force of Cyprus. It is committed towards supporting
paramilitary forces and civilian agencies. It ensures civilian protection
towards any invasive threat or adversities.
Greece is not officially a part of the Cypriot National Guard. However, it
influences and helps in the training .
NAME : ALINA SUJITH

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COUNTRY : CYPRUS

Since the invasion , the northern part of the island is under the control of
the Turkish military.

( continued in next page )

Environment
How is energy produced?
The energy production in the island is completely dependent on the imported
Hydrocarbon fuels. ( The pie chart shows the major energy sources)

Is it renewable?
As Cyrus is a part of the EU . It becomes
mandatory to follow the EU white paper
rules and insert Renewable Energy Sources
in the system . Three RES are solar, wind
and biomass.
Current environmental issues .
Increased water pollution and resource problems
have affected the island. Increased salination
especially in the north. Loss of Biodiversity and
wildlife , coastal degradation are some major
issues.

What Environmental treaties has your country ratified/signed? And when?

Cyprus has party to the below treaties;
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands.
All of the above agreements have been signed but none are ratified

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
UN Voting Blocs & Caucuses:
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM),,European Community, Asian Group
These are some of the Major International & Regional Organizations:
ECB: European Central Bank
ICC: International Chamber of Commerce
EU: European Union
MSO: International Mobile Satellite Organization
IOC: International Olympic Committee
IOM: International Organization for Migration
Interpol: International Criminal Police Organization
IPU: Inter-Parliamentary Union
ITSO: International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
ITUC: International Trade Union Confederation
PCA: Permanent Court of Arbitration
WCO: World Customs Organization
WFTU: World Federation of Trade Unions
OAS: Organization of American State

Influence
Is your country a regular member of ECOSOC, The Security council or any
other influential organizations?
NO, CYPRUS is not a member of ECOSOC.
However it is affiliated to several other organizations.

UN Specialized Agencies & Organizations:

CTBTO: Commission for the ITU: International Telecommunications
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Union
Treaty Organization

MIGA: Multilateral Investment

FAO: Food and Agriculture Guarantee Agency
Organization of the UN

OPCW: Organisation for the

IAEA: International Atomic Energy Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Agency

UNESCO: United Nations Educational,

IBRD: International Bank for Scientific and Cultural Organization
Reconstruction and Development

UNIDO: United Nations Industrial

ICAO: International Civil Aviation Development Organization
Organization

UNWTO: United Nations World Tourism

ICSID: International Centre for Organization
Settlement of Investment Disputes

WBG: World Bank Group

IDA: International Development
Association
WHO: World Health Organization

ILO: International Labor Organization

WIPO: World Intellectual Property
Organization
IMF: International Monetary Fund

WMO: World Meteorological

IMO: International Maritime Organization Organization
WTO: World Trade Organization Current UN Peacekeeping Missions: is
known as; UNIFIL: UN Interim Force in
Lebanon

When did your country join the UN?

On 23rd August 1960 , the Republic Of Cyprus became a member of the UN.

CYPRUS AND AGENDA 2030

★ Cyprus has actively supported the process for the AGENDA 2030 and is
executing various plans in order to achieve 100% success in accomplishing the
goals and have oriented its further proceedings substantially.
★ The country has taken a progressive step in appointing a relevant line of Ministry
and each coordinator is assigned for each of the 17 goals.

On the international sphere,

Cyprus actively promotes international cooperation in working against marine
pollution and conservation of regional and national resources. With subsequent efforts
and measures , there has been a significant increase in the usage of renewable sources of
energy . The island being a concentrated site of tourism looks forward for sustainable
ways to combat environmental issues.

UNIQUE FACTS ABOUT CYPRUS

1. Cyprus is well known for being the third largest island in the Mediterenenan .
 The length of the island is 240 km and the width is 100 Km. Infact , Cyprus is

larger than the Greek Island of Greek.

2. Cyprus hold a very unique location in the Globe. It is situated in the middle of

other Middle Easter regions. This location has helped Cyprus in trade

proceedings and crossroads and has benefited the country in several ways.

3. The very famous historical heritage building BYZANTITE BUILDINGS is

situated in Cyprus .It is one of the oldest buildings and is considered very sacred.

4. An entire town in Cyprus is a UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE. The

town is named ad Paphos.

5. A unique interesting feature about the flag of Cyprus is that it is the one of the

two nations in the whole world to

include its map on the flag. The

nation Kosovo also has its map

outlined into its flag.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION.
 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/
geos/cy.html
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus

BASIC INFO
1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/
geos/cy.html
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

1. https://www.britannica.com/place/Cyprus/Cultural-life
2. https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CYPRUS-2018-
INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf
3. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/52625/1/GreeSE%20No74.pdf
4. https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Cyprus/wb_political_stability/
5. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17219505
6. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1016541.stm#facts

Geography
1. https://www.britannica.com/place/Cyprus/Efforts-toward-reunification
2. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/
geos/cy.html
3. https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/cy/cy-nr-04-en.pdf

ECONOMY
1. https://www.answers.com/Q/Is_Cyprus_an_ledc
2. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/
geos/cy.html
3. https://www.azomining.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=225
4. https://www.cyprusprofile.com/category/associations-organisations
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Cyprus
6. https://www.britannica.com/place/Cyprus/Economy

DEFENCE
 1. https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-cyprus/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_Civil_Defence
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus
4. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/
geos/cy.html#field-anchor-transnational-issues-disputes-international

ENVIRONMENT
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360544204004931
2. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/
geos/cy.html#field-anchor-geography-environment-current-issues

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. https://www.imuna.org/resources/country-profiles/cyprus/

INFLUENCE
1. https://www.un.org/ecosoc/en/content/members
2. https://www.imuna.org/resources/country-profiles/cyprus/
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus

CYPRUS AND AGENDA 2030

1. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/15886Cyprus.pdf
2. http://www.socialwatch.org/sites/default/files/2017-SR-CYPRUS-eng.pdf

UNIQUE FACTS ABOUT CYPRUS

1. https://www.mapquest.com/travel/facts-about-cyprus-culture/
2. https://thefactfile.org/interesting-facts-cyprus/