PART-1

Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry
It is a branch of geometry which defines posi�on of point using an ordered pair.
y
Point Ordinate
y - axis
P (a,b)
b abscissa

x
x’ O x - axis
Origin a
y’

Distance between Two Points

1 . Two points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) 2 . Point A(x,y) and origin

d(AB) = (x1 - x2)2 + (y1 - y2)2 d(OA) = x2 + y2 units

y y
B (x2,y2) A (x ,y)

A (x1,y1)
x’ x
x’
O x O
y’ y’

3 . Point on x-axis and origin 4 . Point on y-axis and origin

d(OA) = x units d(OA) = y units

y y
A (O ,y)
x y
x’ x x’ x
O A (x ,O) O
y’ y’

Sec�on Formula
1 . For Internal division :- 2 . For External division :-
P divides AB internally in the P divides AB externally in the
ra�o m:n ra�o m:n
mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 mx2 - nx1 my2 - ny1
P(x,y) = ( , ) P(x,y) = ( , )
m+n m+n m-n m-n

n m
m B (x2 ,y2) n
P (x ,y) P (x ,y)
A (x1 ,y1) B (x2 ,y2)
A (x1 ,y1)
 PART-2
Coordinate Geometry
Midpoint Formula
B (x2 ,y2)
P is the midpoint of AB
P (x ,y)
x1 + x2 y1 + y2 A (x1 ,y1)
P(x,y) = ( , )
2 2
Area of Triangle A (x1 ,y1)
1
A(∆ABC) = [ x1 (y2 - y3) + x2 (y3 - y1) + x3 (y1 - y2) ]
2
C (x3 ,y3)
If area of triangle is zero then the 3 points
are collinear B (x2 ,y2)

Area of Quadrilaterals
A (x1 ,y1) B (x2 ,y2)
A(□ABCD) = A(∆ABC) + A(∆ADC) A1
= A1 + A2 A2
C (x3 ,y3)
D (x4 ,y4)

Using Distance Formula to Iden�fy Shapes

1. For 4 points :- 4 points will give us six distances.
a . If AB = BC = CD = AD and AC = BD b . If AB = CD , BC = AD and AC = BD
then it is a Square then it is a Rectangle
A B A B

D C D C

c . If AB = BC = CD = AD then it d . If AB = CD , BC = AD then it
is a Rhombus is a Parallelogram
A B A B

D C D C

2. For 3 points :- 3 points will give us 3 distances.

a . If AB = BC = CA then it is A
Equilateral Triangle
b . If AB = BC ≠ CA or AB = CA ≠ BC or
BC = CA ≠ AB then it is an Isosceles Triangle C
c . If AB ≠ BC ≠ CA then it is a Scalen Triangle B
d . If AB2 + BC2 = AC2 or AB2 + AC2 = BC2
or BC2 + AC2 = AB2 then it is a
Right-angled Triangle