Use Farm Tools and Equipment

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
Agriculture and Fishery Sector
Qualification:
Agricultural Crops Production NC I
Unit of Competency:
Use Farm Tools and Equipment
Module Title:
Using Farm Tools and Equipment
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Garita, Cabagan 3328, Isabela
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module in Agricultural Crops Production NC I. This
module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency " Using Farm Tools and Equipment” contains
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a trainer course. It is one of the
specialized modules in Agricultural Crops Production NC I.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
are Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference Materials for
further reading to help you better understand the required activities). Follow
these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each
learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each
module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer) to write your answers for
each self-check. If you have questions, don‟t hesitate to ask your facilitator
for assistance.
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills
covered in this learner's guide because you have:
 been working for some time
 already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you don't have to do the same training again. If you have a
qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to
your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the
unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present
for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this
with your trainer.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, in Utilize Electronic Media in Facilitating Training. This will be
the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this
particular trade independently and at your own pace, with minimum
supervision or help from your instructor.
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the Training
of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.
Work through all the information and complete the activities in
each section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check.
Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 2 of

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Use Farm Tools and Equipment Developed By:
Norberto N. Tadeo Jr.
Donato T. Ricafrente
Suggested references are included to supplement the materials
provided in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or
manager. He/she is there to support you and show you the
correct way to do things.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important
that you listen and take notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills
during regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your
speed and memory and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test
your own progress. When you are ready, ask your trainer to
watch you perform the activities outlined in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment
reports for this reason. When you have successfully completed
each element, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you
are ready for assessment.
 When you have completed this module (or several modules), and
feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer
will arrange an appointment with registered assessor to assess
you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
competency Achievement Record.
Instructional Sheets:
 Information Sheet – This will provide you with information
(Concepts, principles and other relevant information) needed in
performing certain activities.
 Task Sheet– This will guide you in performing single task, operation
process in a job.
 Job Sheet – This is designed to guide you how to do the job that will
contribute to the attainment of the learning outcome.

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 Assignment Sheet – The assignment sheet is a guide used to enhance
(follow up) what you have learned in the information sheet or job
sheet.
 Worksheet – are the different forms that you need to fill up certain
activities that you performed.

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LIST OF COMPETENCIES
N UNIT OF MODULE TITLE CODE

O. COMPETENCIES
1 Apply Safety Measures in Applying Safety AGR321201
Farm Operations Measures in Farm
Operations
2 Use Farm Tools and Using Farm Tools and AGR321202

Equipment Equipment
3 Perform Estimation and Performing Estimation AGR321203

Basic Calculation and Basic Calculation
4 Apply Basic First Aid Applying Basic First Aid AGR321204

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Use Farm Tools and Equipment

MODULE TITLE : Using Farm Tools and Equipment
MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and
attitudes required to use farm tools and equipment.
It includes selection, operation and preventive
Maintenance of farm tools and equipment.
NOMINAL DURATION : 72 hrs
QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC I
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this module, the trainee would be able to:
LO 1: Identify and select farm tools and equipment.
LO 2: Operate farm tools and equipment.
L O3: Perform Preventive Maintenance
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
 Identified appropriate farm tools according to requirement/use.
 Farm tools are checked for faults and defective tools reported in
accordance with farm Procedures.
 Appropriate Tools and Equipment are safely used according to job
requirements and manufacturers conditions.
 Identify appropriate farm equipment.
 Instructional manual of the farm tools and equipment are
carefully read prior to operation.
 Pre-operation check- up is conducted in line with manufacturers
manual.
 Faults in farm equipment are identified and reported in line with
farm procedures.
 Farm equipment used according to its function
 Followed safety procedures.
 Tools and equipment are checked immediately after use in line ith
farm procedures.
 Routine check-up and maintenance are performed.

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 Tools and equipment are stored in designated areas in line with
farm procedures.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 1 Identify and Select Farm Tools and Equipment
CONTENTS:  Farm Equipment (Motorized and Electrical

Equipment)
 Farm Tools (Power and Handheld Tools)
 Safety Practices During Operation of Farm
Tools and Equipment
 Identified appropriate farm tools according to

ASSESSMENT requirement/use.
CRITERIA  Farm tools are checked for faults and defective
tools reported in accordance with farm
Procedures.
 Appropriate Tools and Equipment are safely
used according to job requirements and
manufacturers conditions.
 Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft
REFERENCES
Corporation. All rights reserved.
 Vegetable Production by Bautista A.
 Vegetable Production Training Manual, AYRDC 1990
Crop Production: Principles and Practices by

S. Chapman & L. Carter
CONDITION Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
 Farm Location
 Tools, equipment and outfits appropriate in
applying safety measures
ASSESSMENT METHOD
 Observation
 Interview
 Written examination
 Demonstration of practical skills
Learning Experiences

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Learning Outcome No. 1 Apply Safety Measures in Farm
Operations
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information sheet 2.1- Use Information sheet 2.1-1 on

1 on Farm Equipment Farm Equipment (Motorized and
(Motorized and Electrical Electrical Equipment)
Equipment)
Answer Self-Check 2.1-1 Check your answers using Answer

key 2.1-1
Read Information sheet 2.1- Use Read Information sheet 2.1-

2 on Farm Tools (Power and 2 on Farm Tools (Power and
handheld Tools) handheld Tools)

key 2.1-2

3 on Safety Practices During Safety Practices During Operation
Operation of Farm Tools and of Farm Tools and Equipment
Equipment

key 2.1-2
Information sheet 2.1-1

Farm Equipment
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(Motorized and Electrical Equipment)
Objective: After reading the information sheet, the trainee should be able to
differentiate the different motorized and electrical farm equipment.
Farm Equipment
(Motorized and Electrical Equipment)
A tractor is a vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive

effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or
machinery used in agriculture or construction. Most commonly, the term is
used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction
to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage but
nowadays a great variety of tasks. Agricultural implements may be towed
behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source
of power if the implement is mechanised. Another common use of the term,
"tractor unit", describes the power unit of a semi-trailer truck (articulated
lorry).
A modern 4-wheel drive tractor
- Use to cultivate wider area

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It is very easy to maneuver and has a
lot of uses if you know how to do with
it. It can perform multiple tasks with
the different applications that you can
attach.
1.Plower
2.Tiller
3.Pulverizer
It can serve as a loader
It can serve as a fork lift.
A modern steerable all-tracked power

unit planting wheat (Case STX Steiger
tractor with Case IH seed drill
combination) in western North Dakota,
USA

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Walk-behind tractors (also called walking,
2-wheel or hand tractors) are used
worldwide for small-scale farm,
horticultural, industrial, landscaping .
A cultivator is a farm implement for secondary tillage, that is, stirring and
pulverizing the soil, either before planting (to aerate the soil and prepare a
smooth, loose seedbed) or after the crop has begun growing (to kill weeds).
Cultivation in the general sense of the word is agriculture itself, but within
agriculture the word has a narrower technical sense referring to tillage, and
most especially to controlled disturbance of the topsoil close to the crop
plants to kill the surrounding weeds (by uprooting them, burying their
leaves to disrupt their photosynthesis, or a combination of both). Unlike a
harrow, which disturbs the entire surface of the soil, cultivator teeth or
shanks disturb the soil in careful patterns, disturbing the weeds and leaving
the crop intact. (This pattern is also useful at the very start of the growing
season, for forming the rows that the seeds will be planted in).
A tractor-mounted tiller
Cultivators are pulled by tractors and can

vary greatly in size and shape, from 10 feet
(3 m) to 80 feet (24 m) wide. Many are
equipped with hydraulic wings that fold up
to make road travel easier and safer.
Different types are used for preparation of
fields before planting, and for the control of
weeds between row crops.

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A small tiller
Small tilling equipment, used in small

gardens such as household gardens and
small commercial gardens, can provide
both primary and secondary tillage. For
example, a rotary tiller does both the
"plowing" and the "harrowing", preparing a
smooth, loose seedbed. It does not provide
the row-wise weed control that cultivator
teeth would. For that task, there are
single-person -pushable toothed cultivators
Equipment
These are machineries used in horticultural operations especially in
vegetable production. They are used in land preparation and in transporting
farm inputs and products. These equipment need a highly skilled operator
to use.
1. Hand tractor is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large area
of land.
2. Four wheel tractor is used to pull disc plow and disc harrow in
preparing much bigger area of land.
3. Water pumps are used to draw irrigation water from a source.
Farm Tractor for plowing

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Farm Implements
These are accessories which are being pulled by working animals or
mounted to machineries (hand tractor, tractor) which are usually used in
the preparation of wide land. These are usually made of a special kind of
metal.
1. Plows. These are farm implements used in horticultural operations either
pulled by a working animal or a tractor. The plow is specifically used for
tilling large areas, making furrows and inters row cultivation.
Plows pulled by working animals are made of either a
combination of metal or wood or pure metal. They are used to till
areas with a shallower depth than that of the disc plows which are
pulled by tractors.
Native plow Disc plow
2. Harrow. The native wooden harrow is made of wood with a metal

tooth and pulled by a carabao while the disc harrow is a metal
mounted to a tractor. Harrows are used for tilling and pulverizing the
soil.
Native wooden harrow Disc harrow

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4.Rotavator. The rotavator is an implement mounted to a tractor used for
tilling and pulverizing the soil
Gasoline fuel operated Electric operated Manualoperated

water
Water pump water pump pump

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Self-Check 2.2-1
Multiple Choices
Instruction: Choice the letter with the correct answer.
1. _______is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large area of

land.
a. Hand tractor
b. Four wheel tractors
c. Water pumps
d. Plows
2. ______is usedto pull disc plow and disc harrow in preparing much bigger
area of land.
3. . Hand tractor
4. b. Four wheel tractors
5. c. Water pumps
6. d. Plows
3.______are used to draw irrigation water from a source.

a. Hand tractor
c. Water pumps
d. Plows
4. ______ pulled by working animals are made of either a combination of

metal or wood or pure metal.
a. Hand tractor
b. Four wheel tractor
c. Water pumps
d. Plows

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5. ______ are used for tilling and pulverizing the soil.
a. Harrows
c. Water pumps
d. Plows

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Answer Key 2.2-1
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A

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Farm Tools (Power and handheld Tools)
differentiate the different power and handheld tools.
Farm Tools (Power and handheld Tools)
Scythe
A scythe is an agricultural hand tool for

mowing grass, or reaping crops
Rake
Use in collecting grasses and hay

applicable for gardening, agriculture and
horticulture.
Pick Mattock ~ Cutter Mattock ~ Pick

Axe
Use your Pick Mattock to...
break hardened or rocky
soils
lever out stones and pavers

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Grub Hoe : also called a Grubbing Hoe ~
Azada ~ Trenching Hoe ~ Digging Hoe -
cultivating tools used
by gardeners and farmers all around the
world. It can also be used as weeding tool.
Weeder Fork Hoe ~ Two Prong Hoe ~

Pointed Hoe
Use your Weeder Fork to...
deeply cultivate and to
prepare seedbeds
move or turn heavy mulch
remove matted roots - like
Bermuda Grass!
Use your Two Prong Hoe to...
both dig and cultivate the soil
work small
gardens. Two tools in one!
Use your Pointed Hoe for...
easily digging in hard
or rocky soils
creating furrows and ridging
around plants
Round tip shovel
Pick mattock
Flat shovel
Round tip hoe
Spading fork
Triangular shovel

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WATER PUMP -Use to pump water-
SHOVEL
Use in digging, removing and transferring
soil from one place to another.
Other Hand Tools

Hand tools are usually light and are used without the help of animals or
machines. They are being used in performing farm activities which involve
small areas like school garden and home garden.
1. Bolo is used for cutting of grasses

and weeds, loosening and pulverizing
the soil, digging small holes for
planting and posts, and breaking the
topsoil in preparing garden plots if
no other tools are available.
2. Crowbar is used for digging big holes

and for digging out big stones and
stumps.

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3.Pick-mattock is used for digging
canals, breaking hard topsoil and for
digging up stones and tree stumps.
3. Grab-hoe is used for breaking hard

topsoil and pulverizing soil.
4. Spade is used for removing trash or

soil, digging canals or ditches and
mixing soil media.
5. Shovel is used in removing trash,

digging loose soil, moving soil from
one place to another and for mixing
soil media.

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6. Rake is used for cleaning the ground
and leveling the topsoil.
7. Spading fork is used for loosening

the soil, digging out root crops and
turning over the materials in a
compost heap.
8. Light hoe is used for loosening and

leveling soil and digging out furrows
for planting.
9. Hand trowel is used for loosening

the soil around the growing plants
and putting small amount of manure
in the soil.

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10. Hand cultivator is used for
cultivating the garden plot by
loosening the soil and removing
young weeds around the plant.
11. Hand fork is for inter row

cultivation.
12. Pruning shears is for cutting

branches of planting materials and
unnecessary branches of plants.
13. Axe is for cutting bigger size post.

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14. Knife is for cutting planting
materials and for performing other
operations in horticulture.
15.
Trigger sprayer Knapsack sprayer Power

Sprayer

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Self-Check 2.1-2
Identification
Instruction: Identify what kind of hand tools are the following.
1. ___________
2. ___________
3._____________
4. ______________

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5.___________
6. ____________
7. __________
8. _____________
8. ________________ 9. ___________________ 10._________________

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Answer Key 2.1-2
1. Bolo
2. Crowbar
3.Pick-mattock

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4. Grab-hoe
5. Spade
6. Shovel
7. Rake

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8. Trigger sprayer 9. Knapsack sprayer 10.Power
Sprayer

Safety Practices during Operation of Farm Tools and Equipment
recognize safety practices during operation of farm tools
and equipment.
Safety Practices during Operation of Farm Tools and Equipment
Tools, implements and equipment facilitate work conveniently but then a

user must bear in mind that knowledge on the usability of these tools lead a
safe and successful endeavor. Before using any of the tools, implements,
and equipment, always check whether or not they are still usable or
serviceable. Always check or refer to the manual of operations as prescribed
by the manufacturer for other tools and equipment that are new to you.
Always ask the assistance of skilled operator whenever necessary.
Tools that are defective should be separated and be fixed immediately
to avoid accident.
A. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN HANDLING FARM FACILITIES

It is important to distinguish hazard, risk and exposure while undertaking
risk and management
 Hazard is the potential for harm or adverse effect of an employee’s
health. Anything which may cause injury or ill health to any one at
or near a workplace is a hazard.

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 Risk is a likelihood that a hazard will cause injury. The level of risk
increases with the severity of the hazard and the duration and
frequency of exposure.
 Exposure occurs when a person comes in contact with a hazard
B. ROUTINARY CHECK UP OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
All tools and equipment and vehicles must be properly maintained so

that workers are not endangered. TOOLS regulations require
inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use.
Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools,

equipment, in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit
downtime and extend productivity. We must always be aware that
maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can
result in injury. The successful maintenance program is:
 well organized and scheduled,

 controls hazards,
 defines operational procedures, and
 trains key personnel.
The degree of detail to include in your company's program regarding

equipment maintenance will depend on the kinds of tools/equipment
used. Some construction equipment (cranes) have very specific
inspection and maintenance requirements. Power Tools should be
maintained in good working order. This may be limited to ensuring
that blades/bits are replaced when needed and that guards or other
safety devices are operable and any damaged electrical cords/plugs
are repaired or replaced. Damaged or defective equipment/tools
should be tagged and removed from service.
Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their

equipment. Large companies with a fleet of vehicles/equipment
typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the
capital investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies
may lease equipment and maintenance services may be included in
the leasing agreement.
General requirements for equipment maintenance include:

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 Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by
the manufacturer.
 Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required.
 Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are
competent (e.g. licensed mechanic).
 Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted.
 Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment
maintenance and where the records are kept.
 Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or
defective tools and equipment.


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C. Use of Personal Protective Equipment
Agricultural work is hazardous to the human body. There are countless

ways to get hurt while working in agriculture. Many injuries and fatalities
point to the need for protective equipment. Personal protective equipment
(PPE) does not prevent accidents, but it does prevent or reduce injury and
even fatalities when used. Protective equipment must be selected carefully.
Always test fit the protective equipment to be sure it fits properly and
comfortably. If it isn't comfortable -- it won't be worn; if it isn't worn -- it
won't protect.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets,

goggles, or other garment or equipment designed to protect the wearer's
body from injury by blunt impacts, electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and
infection, for job-related occupational safety and health purposes, and in
sports, martial arts, combat, etc. Personal armor is combat-specialized
protective gear. In British legislation the term PPE does not cover items such
as armour. The terms "protective gear" and "protective clothing" are in many
cases interchangeable; "protective clothing" is applied to traditional
categories of clothing, and "gear" is a more general term and preferably
means uniquely protective categories, such as pads, guards, shields, masks,
etc. Items such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits are equipment to support
the personal protection of the subject. Police use handcuffs, tasers, battens
and handguns as PPE.
The use of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to

hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or
effective to reduce these risks to acceptable levels.
1. Hand Protection (Hand Gloves) – to protect workers/trainees from

physical, biological, chemical, radiation, or electrical hazards.

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3. Head wear -To protect head from falling debris/ Hairnet – to avoid
falling hair
4. Eye and Face Protection - shall be used when exposed to hazards

such as flying particles, dust, chemicals, gasses, vapors, etc. or other
potential harmful exposures which may cause injury to the eye or
face.

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5. Foot Protection (safety shoes) – is required to protect workers in areas
where there is danger of foot injuries like exposure to piercing the sole or
where protection is needed against electrical or chemical hazards.
6. Water proof Jackets – Is used when workers do job outside the building
specially when involves wet cleaning.

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D. SAFE WORK PRACTICES:
1. KEEP all tools and equipment clean and in good condition. ( note:
keep tools sharp and guarded)
2. STORE tools and equipment in the proper storage areas when not in
use.
3. REMOVE any defective tools and equipment from service.
4. ARRANGE equipment and machinery for a clean and safe working

area and ease maintenance
5. STORE tools and material in their proper place.
6. ORGANIZE your work area and keep it clean of trash and other
hazard
7. THROW AWAY trash and waste material properly.
8. LABEL all storage areas inside rooms clearly.
9. PROVIDE proper identification and labeling of work areas per unit of

competency/ area of specialization tools and instructional materials.

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How can I make sure my equipment and machinery are safe?
1. Conduct an assessment of ALL mechanical and electrical hazards
found on equipment including tractors, feeding equipment, and other
moving parts that create a potential for injury to workers. Make sure
to look at devices like fans, motors, and other moving parts that you
might not think of as “farm equipment.”
2. Follow the requirements of OSHA as it relates to machine guarding,

employee training, warnings, employee communication, and providing
a safe means to disconnect power to protect people around any type of
equipment.
3. Pay particular attention to OSHA’s tractor safety standards, as that’s

where a large percentage of deaths occur. All tractors should be
equipped with rollover protection and a seatbelt.

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PROPER USE OF FARM TOOLS
Most accidents occur within the agriculture industry. On farms, tractors

cause the most injuries. A tractor is not a toy! They have important jobs to
do around the farm. You should never play around them or on them.
Rollovers and runovers are the two main types of tractor accidents.

Tractors can roll over if the driver makes a fast or sudden turn. Unbalanced
weight on the tractor may cause it to tip on steep hills. Rollovers can also
occur in flat fields when the tractor gets too close to a ditch and the tire
slips down the side. Sometimes rollovers happen when trailing equipment is
not hooked up correctly, causing the tractor to become unbalanced and flip
over backwards.
All tractors should have a Roll-Over Protective Structure. Sometimes

nick-named a ROPS, the Roll-Over Protective Structure looks like a giant
roll bar for tractors. It protects the driver if the tractor were to tip over.
Sometimes you cannot see the ROPS, especially if it is built into the tractor's
cab. A seat belt must be worn with all ROPS designed tractors. It will keep
the driver in the seat and prevent him from being thrown from the tractor. It
is required just like the seat belt in a car.
The second type of a tractor accident is called a runover. Runovers occur

when the driver or passenger falls off the farm equipment and is run over by
the tractor or trailing machinery. You can fall off equipment when the
tractor hits a bump, stops suddenly, or turns too fast. Never ride on a
tractor with anyone. Fenders, drawbars, and steps are not safe places to sit
while the tractor is moving. Tractors are designed with one seat, and this is
for the driver. You should practice the motto "No Extra Riders."
Runovers can occur even if you are not riding on the tractor. You
should never approach a piece of working equipment. Tractors are big
pieces of machinery and can be very noisy. The driver may not see or hear
you approach. If the driver does not know that you are there, he may back
over you, or crush you between the equipment and tractor.
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The Power Take-Off shaft, commonly called a PTO, is a very dangerous
area on the tractor. A PTO is located at the rear of the tractor and spins at a
very rapid speed. It provides power to the attached farm equipment. Long
hair, loose clothing, untied shoes or other bulky clothes can easily get
caught in a rotating PTO shaft. These accidents can happen before you have
a chance to pull away. In less than 3 seconds, you will be completely
wrapped up in the shaft. PTOs injure thousands of people each year, and
most do not survive. You should stay away from the Power Take-Off at all
times.
Play safely around the barnyard. Never take joy rides on tractors or
approach working equipment. Adults set rules to protect you from danger.
Respect the rules and stay safe!
For productive, cost-efficient and effective handling of materials

and equipment, here are activities you can immediately implement:
 Schedule a regular clean up at least twice a year. This is also the

time to undertake a general inspection on machines and equipment.
The activities include removing all cobwebs, thorough scrubbing of the
ceiling, walls, and floor, and cleaning of machines. Segregate
unserviceable tools, implements and equipment that are beyond
repair from those that can be repaired.
 Schedule clean-up activities twice a month, including wiping
lighting fixtures and windows, scrubbing of rest rooms, cleaning and
oiling of metal parts of farm tools, and placing lubricants to the
moving parts of machines. Repair defective tools, implements and
equipment as soon as possible.
 For regular clean-up chores, give workers about five minutes
daily to tidy the work station, including the tools, farm implements,
machine and equipment they use before they go home. This motivates
the next workers (if they you operate in shifts) to start work
immediately. Besides, this is a subtle way of developing in them the
housekeeping routine.
 Cultivate the habit of collecting waste even before it touches the
floor. Provide a sack or bag in one or two corners of the workplace
where you can throw your garbage. At the end of the day, your
workers can just put their wastes in the designated places for disposal
at the scheduled day and time.

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Self-Check 2.1-3
TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if the
statement wrong. Write your answer in a separate sheet.
1. To ensure machinery safety always conduct an assessment of ALL

mechanical and electrical hazard found in equipment including
tractors, feeding equipment an when moving parts that create a
potential for injury to worker.
2. Always switch off power before leaving the workplace
3. Clear signage to worker in the workplace
4. Don’t talk to the driver when the bus is in motion
5. Signs must be placed at a hidden area.

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Answer Key 2.1-3
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 Operate Farm Tools and Equipment
CONTENTS:  Manual of Farm Tools and Equipment and

Specifications
 Parts and Functions of Farm Tools and
Equipment
 Safety Practices in Using Farm Tools and
equipment
 Identify appropriate farm equipment.

 Instructional manual of the farm tools and
ASSESSMENT
equipment are carefully read prior to operation.
CRITERIA  Pre-operation check- up is conducted in line
with manufacturers manual.
 Faults in farm equipment are identified and
reported in line with farm procedures.
 Farm equipment used according to its function
 Followed safety procedures.
REFERENCES  www.yahoo.com
 www.google.com
Crop Production: Principles and Practices by

S. Chapman & L. Carter
 Farm Location
ASSESSMENT METHOD
 Observation
 Interview

NC I 79
Learning Outcome No. 2 Operate Farm Tools and

Equipment
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1 on Manual of Farm Tools Manual of Farm Tools and
and Equipment and Equipment and Specifications
Specifications

key 2.2-1
Read Information sheet 2.2-2 Use Information sheet 2.2-2 on

on Parts and Functions of Parts and Functions of Farm Tools
Farm Tools and Equipment and Equipment

key 2.2-2
Perform Task sheet 2.2-1 on Evaluate your performance Using

Safety Practices in Using Farm Performance Criteria Checklist
Tools and equipment 2.2-1

NC I 79
Manual of Farm Tools and Equipment and Specifications
give some manual of farm tools and equipment and specifications.
Manual and Specifications of Tractor
General Tractor Safety

Tractor accidents are the leading result of the fatalities and accidents on
Texas farms and ranches. Approximately 42% of these accidents are the
result of the operators being run over by tractors, 36% are due to tractor
roll-overs, and 5% involve riders fall off the tractor and are then run over by
the attached trailing equipment.
The following guidelines offer general safety tips for operating tractors:
 Know your tractor and how to use it safely. Regularly review the safety
precautions in your operator’s manual.
 Prepare for tractor work by inspecting the vehicle and wearing
appropriate clothing.
 Ensure that new and inexperienced workers are properly trained in
tractor operation.
 Never allow riders. A tractor should only have one person on board.
 Teach children to use tractors only after they have developed the
strength, size, and maturity to operate tractor safely.
 Install an approved roll-over protective structure (ROPS and seatbelt
on any tractor that is not equipped with these features. ROPS prevent
tractor turnover injuries, but if only the seatbelt is on.
 Always wear a seatbelt, when driving a tractor equipped with ROPS.
 Disengage drivers and turn the engines off before leaving the tractor
unattended.
 Keep yourself and others away from moving parts.
 Hitch loads only to the drawbar. When using three-point rear hitches,
add front end weights to maintain stability and control steering.
 Never bypass start the engine.

NC I 79
Tractor driving safety
The following guidelines provide tips for tractor driving safety.
 Watch where you are going at all times. Be sure that everyone is out of
way before moving.
 Watch for and avoid obstacle, ditches, embankments and holes.
 Slow down when turning, crossing slopes or driving on rough slick or
muddy surfaces.
 It is safer to backup an incline.
 Apply power slowly when pulling a heavy load.
 Lock the brake pedals together for single action breaking.
Tractor operators can help prevent back roll-overs as follow:
 Only hitch loads to the drawbar.

 Limit the height of three-point hitches.
 Use-front end weights to stabilize heavy hauling loads.
 Start slowly.
Tractor operators can help prevent side roll-overs as follow:
 Increase tractor width; if possible

 Lock brakes together for road travel
 Operate tractors only as recommended
 Avoid steep slopes and ditches
 Be careful when pulling heavy loads or working with a front-end
loader
 Turn corners slowly
Farm safety-manual handling
Farmers and farm workers are commonly affected by muscle and ligament
strains. Lifting a heavy load the wrong way, sudden jolts or even a bad
posture over a period of time can injure soft tissue, particularly the muscle
at the back. Good posture and safe working habits can prevent most
injuries. Keep a record of injuries to pinpoint areas to improve.
Regularly talk with your family and others workers about how to further
improve manual handling practices and reduce any risks.

NC I 79
General tips for preventing back injury
Ways to reduce back pain and prevent injury include:
 Warm up cold muscles thoroughly before engaging in any manual

work.
 Lift and carry loads correctly, by keeping the load close to the body
and lifting with your thigh muscles.
 Get help to lift or carry a heavy load whenever possible, using another
worker or appropriate mechanical aids.
 Organize your work are to reduce the amount of bending, twisting and
stretching required.
 Maintain correct posture.
 Take frequent brakes.
 Cool down after heavy work with gentle, sustained stretches.
 Exercise regularly to strengthen muscles and ligaments.
 Lose any excess body fats.
 Be aware that mattresses that are too hard or too soft can contribute
to back ache.
Lifting heavy loads
General suggestions
 When carting hay, use mechanical aids to lift and stack the bales.
 Whenever possible, use wheelbarrows, trolleys, conveyors and other
equipment to move heavy loads.
 Ask someone to help if you have to move a heavy load by hand.
 Wear supportive back braces.
Manual and Specifications of Felco Hand Pruners

NC I 79
When pruning in the vineyard, orchard, nursery or garden it makes a world
of difference if you use the best tools available. The Felco range of hand
pruners has a model to suit you. Felco shears are widely regarded by
professionals around the world as the finest pruners you can buy.
Please refer to our main Felco page for all the reasons why you should
choose a Felco pruning shear.
Listed below are the various models available from Felco, covering virtually
every pruning requirement you may have.
"State of the art" Manual Pruning shears
Pruning shears recommended by Cape Agricultural Products for all types

of pruning.
Felco 2
This is the classic Felco model, lanched in

1948, often copied but never equalled.
It has a riveted anvil blade, and is appreciated by professionals for it's

NC I 79
strength.
Handles with rubber shock absorber and cushion to protect the wrist. The
toothed centre-nut, helps to align the cutting and anvil blades easily and
precisely for a clean, accurate cut. Forged aluminium alloy handles.
Length : 215mm. Weight : 240g
A classic, new generation model with a

screwed anvil blade.
The blade on this shear is the same as on
the Felco 2 and 4 models, however, the anvil
blade is an independent unit screwed onto
the handle. This results in a narrower cutting head and also makes the anvil
blade much easier to replace than on a Felco 2 or 4.
Felco 6
The ideal pruning shear for ladies and

people with smaller hands, light and
compact with a tapered cutting head.
This shear is a favourite with rose growers
and nurserymen who use it for making
cuttings due to the small, compact blade. However, we also have many users
using the Felco 6 for the pruning of vines.
Felco 8 / 9

NC I 79
Pruning shear with ergonomic shape and
angled cutting head. This shear has and
offset cutting head to extend the forearm,
which provides optimum pruning efficiency.
A very comfortable pruner that gives the
user some extra power when cutting due to the ergonomic shape.
The Felco 9 is the left handed version of the Felco 8, so you don't have to
use a right handed shear anymore !!
Basic Manual Pruning shears
Pruning shears recommended by Cape Agricultural Products for basic

pruning jobs.
Felco 4
Standard shear with riveted anvil blade.

This is the most popular Felco model in use
in the vineyards and orchards of South
Africa.
Forged aluminium alloy handles, blade with wire-cutting notch and sap
groove. A bolt and nut is used to align the cutting and anvil blade.
* Please note : no rubber shock absorber and cushion.
Felco 5
A basic pruning shear, made with steel

handles.
Recommended by Felco for occasional use or
garden maintenance but we have many
customers that use this shear for intensive
cutting. A tough, heavy shear that still has the high quality blade that Felco
NC I 79
is famous for.
The most affordable Felco pruner. Not recommended for small hands.
* When replacing the spring, ensure you ask for a Felco 5 specific spring,
which is longer than normal.
Pressed steel handles, tapered blade, bolt and nut for aligning the blade.
Manual "State of the Art" Pruning shears with revolving handles
Pruning shears recommended by Cape Agricultural Products for heavy and

prolonged pruning jobs.
If you really want to spoil yourself then these shears are for you...
Felco 7 / 10
A high-performance tool with angled cutting

head, based on the shape of the Felco 8
shear. Recommended for intensive and
prolonged pruning.
The revolving handle spreads the muscular force over the 5 fingers, this
preventing tendonitis and inflammation.Handles with rubber shock
absorber and cushion to protect the wrist. The toothed centre-nut, helps to
align the cutting and anvil blades easily and precisely for a clean, accurate
cut. Forged aluminium alloy handles.
The Felco 10 is the left handed version of the Felco 7.
Click Here for a detailed parts diagram of the Felco 7.

Click Here for a detailed parts diagram of the Felco 10.
Felco 12
A high-performance tool based on the shape
of the Felco 6 shear. Where the Felco 7 may
be too big for smaller hands the Felco 12 is
ideal. This is probably the most "under-
rated" Felco in the range. Recommended for
intensive and prolonged pruning.

NC I 79
The revolving handle spreads the muscular force over the 5 fingers, this
preventing tendonitis and inflammation.Handles with rubber shock
absorber and cushion to protect the wrist. The toothed centre-nut, helps to
align the cutting and anvil blades easily and precisely for a clean, accurate
cut. Forged aluminium alloy handles.
SPARES
As part of the Felco system all pruning shears have replaceable spare parts
to extend the life of your pruning shear.
If you maintain and care for your pruner it should give you a lifetime of use.
For the full parts diagrams of each model, click on the relevant links above.
Holsters for Pruning Shears
Cape Agricultural Products offers high

quality holsters to protect your Felco shear
when it is not in use.
Made from high quality leather, with a

leather strap and press stud to hold the
shear in place, they are available in 2
variants, one with a belt loop and the other
with a belt clip.
Sharpening Tool
To prune successfully a pruning

shear's blade needs to be kept
sharp.
Use the BahcoSHARP-X

sharpening tool to keep the blade
in good condition. The tool is
equipped with 2 Tungsten carbide
bits that will give many years of
use.
The 2 component handle makes it comfortable to use. You no

longer need to add a liquid such as oil, water or diesel so the

NC I 79
sharpening of knife blades is a pleasure.
Other OSHA Agricultural Standards
Beyond the issue of tractors, the OSHA agricultural standard

also provides specific requirements for the protection of employees
from hazards associated with moving machinery parts of farm field
equipment, farmstead equipment, and other machines used in any
agricultural operation.
OSHA Inspection Activities
Additional OSHA Requirements for All Types of Agricultural

Machines
At the time of initial assignment and at least annually

thereafter, the employer shall instruct every employee in the safe
operation and servicing of all covered equipment with which he is or
will be involved, including at least the following safe operating
practices:
• Keep all guards in place when the machine is in operation;
• Permit no riders on farm field equipment other than persons

required for instruction or assistance in machine operation;
• Stop engine (or motor), disconnect the power source, and wait for all
machine movement to stop before servicing, adjusting, cleaning, or
unclogging the equipment, except where the machine must be
running to be properly serviced or maintained, in which case the
employer shall instruct employees as to all steps and procedures
which are necessary to safely service or maintain the equipment;
• Make sure everyone is clear of machinery before starting the engine,
engaging power, or operating the machine;
• Lock out electrical power before performing maintenance or service

on farmstead equipment.
Each employer shall protect employees from coming into contact
with hazards created by moving machinery parts as follows:
• Through the installation and use of a guard or shield or guarding by
location;

NC I 79
• Whenever a guard or shield or guarding by location is infeasible, by
using a guardrail or fence.
Where guards are used to provide the protection required by

this section, they shall be designed and located to protect against
inadvertent contact with the hazard being guarded.
Guards and their supports shall be capable of withstanding the

force that a 250 pound individual, leaning on or falling against the
guard, would exert upon that guard.
Guards shall be free from burrs, sharp edges, and sharp
corners, and shall be securely fastened to the equipment or building.
A component is guarded by location during operation,

maintenance, or servicing when, because of its location, no employee
can inadvertently come in contact with the hazard during such
operation, maintenance, or servicing.
If a hazard is guarded by a fence or guardrail, these barriers

must be capable of protecting against employees inadvertently
entering the hazardous area.
Whenever a moving machinery part presents a hazard during
servicing or maintenance, the engine shall be stopped, the power
source disconnected, and all machine movement stopped before
servicing or maintenance is performed
OSHA Requirements for Equipment Used in Farm Fields
For farm field equipment, all power take-off shafts, including

rear, mid- or side-mounted shafts, must be guarded either by a
master shield or by other protective guarding.
All tractors must be equipped with an agricultural tractor

master shield on the rear power take-off. The master shield must have
sufficient strength so that it will not bend or deform when a 250
pound operator mounts or dismounts the tractor using the shield as a
step.
Power take-off driven equipment must be guarded to protect

against employee contact with rotating members of the power drive

NC I 79
system. Where power take-off driven equipment is of a design
requiring removal of the tractor master shield, the equipment must
also include protection from that portion of the tractor power take-off
shaft which protrudes from the tractor.
Signs must be placed at prominent locations on tractors and

power take-off driven equipment specifying that power drive system
safety shields must be kept in place.
On other power transmission components on machines, the

mesh or nip-points of all power driven gears, belts, chains, sheaves,
pulleys, sprockets, and idlers must be guarded. All revolving shafts,
including projections such as bolts, keys, or set screws, must be
guarded, except smooth shaft ends protruding less than one-half the
outside diameter of the shaft and its locking means.
Ground driven components must be guarded if any employee

may be exposed to them while the drives are in motion.
Functional components, such as snapping or husking rolls,

straw spreaders and choppers, cutter bars, flail rotors, rotary beaters,
mixing augers, feed rolls, conveying augers, rotary tillers, and similar
units, which must be exposed for proper function, must be guarded to
the fullest extent which will not substantially interfere with normal
functioning of the component.
Guards, shields, and access doors must be in place when the

equipment is in operation.
Where removal of a guard or access door will expose an
employee to any component which continues to rotate after the power
is disengaged, the employer must provide, in the immediate area, the
following:
• A readily visible or audible warning of rotation; and
• A safety sign warning the employee to:
• Look and listen for evidence of rotation; and
• Not remove the guard or access door until all components

have stopped.

NC I 79
Exposed auger flighting on portable grain augers must be
guarded with either grating type guards or solid baffle style covers as
follows:
The largest dimensions or openings in grating type guards through

which materials are required to flow must be 4 3/4 inches. The area of
each opening shall be no larger than 10 square inches. The opening
must be located no closer to the rotating flighting than 2 1/2 inches.
Slotted openings in solid baffle style covers shall be no wider

than 1 1/2 inches, or closer than 3 1/2 inches to the exposed
flighting.
OSHA Requirements for Electrical Disconnect Means
In all areas of a farm, the application of electrical power from a

location not under the immediate and exclusive control of the
employee or employees maintaining or servicing equipment must be
prevented by:
• Providing an exclusive, positive locking means on the main

switch which can be operated only by the employee or employees
performing the maintenance or servicing; or
• In the case of material handling equipment located in a bulk

storage structure, by physically locating on the equipment an
electrical or mechanical means to disconnect the power.

NC I 79
Self-Check 2.2-1
Enumeration
1. The following guidelines offer general safety tips for operating tractors
2. Tractor operators can help prevent side roll-overs as follow:

NC I 79
Answer Key 2.2-1
Enumeration
1. The following guidelines offer general safety tips for operating
tractors:
 Know your tractor and how to use it safely. Regularly review the safety
precautions in your operator’s manual.
 Prepare for tractor work by inspecting the vehicle and wearing
appropriate clothing.
 Ensure that new and inexperienced workers are properly trained in
tractor operation.
 Never allow riders. A tractor should only have one person on board.
 Teach children to use tractors only after they have developed the
strength, size, and maturity to operate tractor safely.
 Install an approved roll-over protective structure (ROPS and seatbelt
on any tractor that is not equipped with these features. ROPS prevent
tractor turnover injuries, but if only the seatbelt is on.
 Always wear a seatbelt, when driving a tractor equipped with ROPS.
 Disengage drivers and turn the engines off before leaving the tractor
unattended.
 Keep yourself and others away from moving parts.
 Hitch loads only to the drawbar. When using three-point rear hitches,
add front end weights to maintain stability and control steering.
 Never bypass start the engine.
2. Tractor operators can help prevent side roll-overs as follow:
 Increase tractor width; if possible

 Lock brakes together for road travel
 Operate tractors only as recommended
 Avoid steep slopes and ditches
 Be careful when pulling heavy loads or working with a front-end
loader
 Turn corners slowly

NC I 79
Parts and Functions of Farm Tools and Equipment
Objective: After Reading the Information Sheet, the trainee

should be able to give some function of farm tools and equipment.
Parts of a Tractor
Functions:
The most common use of the term "tractor" is for the vehicles used on farms.
The farm tractor is used for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery or
trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking, harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.

NC I 79
Pressure Washer Parts and Pressure Washer Accessories.
Mosmatic Surface
Cleaners & Swivels
High Pressure Pumps & Parts
High Pressure Pump Oil & Repair
Tools | AR North America Pumps |
CAT Pumps | Comet Pumps | General
Karcher Pressure WasherPumps | Giant Pumps | Hypro Pumps
Parts | Home Owner Pumps (replacement
pumps for Coleman, Karcher, Excell,
Devilbiss, Campbell-Hausfield,
Accessories Generac, etc.)
Adapters(European to US) |
Adjustable Nozzle Holder |
Chemical Injectors & Soap Hoses
Screens | Chemical Siphon PumpClear Poly-Braided Hose | Goodyear
| Double Nozzle Holder | Foam(3000-4500PSI, Nonmarking,Hot Pac),
Products | Foot Actuated Valves |Schieffer (5400 PSI) | Hose Assemblies
Gauges | Industrial Sand Blast(1"-4") | Pulse Hose (Damping) | Sewer
Kit | Pressure & Thermal ReliefHose | Water Hose Low Pressure
Valves | Pressure Washer Carts |
Pressure Washer Tires | Rotating
Brush | Scaltrol Water Treatment
| Sewer Nozzles & Sewer Hoses |
Sludge Pumps | Spray & Soap
Nozzles | Spray Nozzles Rotating Hose Reels
| Spray Nozzles(Variable Hi/Low Coxreel Hose Reels
Pressure) | Suttner Foam Lance |
Swivels | Tank Cleaning Nozzles
Unloaders
AR North America | CAT Pump
Unloaders | General | Giant | Hypro
Trigger Guns, Lances,| JE Adams | Suttner |
Telescoping WandsUnloaderAssembly Kit
Dump Gun | Lance Side Handle |
Lances and Dual Lances | Spray-

NC I 79
Flex Wand | Telescoping Wands |
Extend-A-Wand Telescoping Quick Disconnect Sockets and
Wands | Trigger Gun & Lance |Plugs
Trigger Guns - Front Entry |Foster, General Pump, Hansen, and
Trigger Guns - Stainless Steel |Parker.
Trigger Guns - Weep | Trigger
Guns - AR | Trigger Guns -
General | Trigger Guns - Giant |
Trigger Guns - JE Adams, Pure Plumbing/Fittings
Pressure, Spraying Systems |Close Pipe Nipples | Hose Barbs |
Trigger Guns - Suttner Hose Clamps | Pipe Bushings | Pipe
Couplings | Pipe Crosses | Pipe
Elbows | Pipe Tees
Drive Components
Belts | Bushings | Pulleys | Tach
meter Pump Inlet-Low Pressure
Ball Valves | Check Valves | Filters |
Float Tanks | Floats, Float Balls, Float
Valves | Garden Hose Fittings | Misc.
Washer Inlet - Low Pressure Parts |
Regulator | Screens | Suction
Electrical ComponentsRestrictors | Water Regulators - Float,
Allen-Bradley Contactors &Metering & Thermal Relief Valves | Y-
Replacement Coils | Battery BoxStrainers
& Cables | Circuit Breakers |
Conduit & Connectors |Heating Components
Enclosures | Float Switches |Burner Components & Tune Up Kit |
Flow, Pressure, &VacummFuel Nozzles & Fuel Nozzle Wrench |
Switches | Generators | GroundGas Burners & Components |
Fault Interrupters | Hour MetersImmersion Heaters | Oil Burners &
| Indicator Lights | MomentaryComponents
Contact Switches | Overload
Relays | Resets | Rocker,
Solenoid, & Toggle Switches |
Rotary Switches | Temperature
Controls | Terminal Blocks |
Time Delays

NC I 79
A pressure washer cleaning oil-logged tarmac
In its extreme high pressure form, water is used in many industrial cleaning
applications requiring the removal of surface layers as well as dust-free
cutting of some metals and concrete. For exterior applications, gas or
propane powered pressure washers provide enhanced mobility not available
in electric models, as they do not require use in proximity to an electrical
outlet. However, for indoor applications, electric pressure washers produce
no exhaust and are much quieter than their gas or propane powered
counterparts.
High-pressure water at medium pressure, in combination with special

chemicals, aids in the removal of graffiti. This process (especially when the
water is hot) is used as a quick rinser of the softened graffiti. Sometimes
people use a pressurized mixture of air/sand or water/sand to blast off the
surface of the vandalized area, thus etching the surface and therefore
making it extremely difficult for anyone to ever use high-pressure cleaning
as a follow-up process. Sandblasting, when used in graffiti removals, often
overcleans a surface and is capable of leaving a permanent scar on the
building surface.

NC I 79
Self-Check 2.2-2
TRUE or FALSE
Instruction: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is
wrong.
1. The most common use of the term "tractor" is for the vehicles used on
farms.
2. The farm tractor is used for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery

or trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking, harrowing, planting, and
similar tasks.
3. High-pressure water at medium pressure, in combination with special
chemicals, aids in the removal of graffiti.
4. Sometimes people use a pressurized mixture of air/sand or

water/sand to blast off the surface of the vandalized area, thus
etching the surface and therefore making it extremely difficult for
anyone to ever use high-pressure cleaning as a follow-up process.
5. In its extreme high pressure form, water is used in many industrial

cleaning applications requiring the removal of surface layers as well as
dust-free cutting of some metals and concrete.

NC I 79
Answer Key 2.2-2
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T

NC I 79
Task sheet 2.2-1
Title Safety Practices in Using Farm Tools and
equipment
Objective After performing the task, the trainee should be
able to perform safety practices in using farm
tools and equipment.
Tools/Materials/  Farm tools
Supplies/  Farm equipment
Equipment  Farm materials/ supplies
 PPE
1. KEEP all tools and equipment clean and in
Procedure
good condition. ( note: keep tools sharp and
guarded)
2. STORE tools and equipment in the proper
storage areas when not in use.
3. REMOVE any defective tools and equipment
from service.
4. ARRANGE equipment and machinery for a
clean and safe working area and ease
maintenance
5. STORE tools and material in their proper
place.
6. ORGANIZE your work area and keep it clean
of trash and other hazard
7. THROW AWAY trash and waste material
properly.
8. LABEL all storage areas inside rooms
clearly.
9. PROVIDE proper identification and labeling
of work areas per unit of competency/ area
of specialization tools and instructional
materials.
Performance Performance Criteria Checklist

Assessment

NC I 79
Criteria Yes No
Did the trainee…
1. Keep all tools and equipment clean and in
good condition?
2. Store tools and equipment in the proper

storage areas when not in use?
3. Remove any defective tools and equipment

from service?
4. Arrange equipment and machinery for a

clean and safe working area and ease
maintenance?
5. Store tools and material in their proper

place?
6. Organize your work area and keep it clean of

trash and other hazard?
7. Throw away trash and waste material

properly?
8. Label all storage areas inside rooms clearly?
9. Provide proper identification and labeling of

work areas per unit of competency/ area of
specialization tools and instructional
materials?
Performance Criteria Checklist

NC I 79
LEARNING OUTCOME # 3 Perform Preventive Maintenance
 Preventive Maintenance
CONTENTS:  Types of Tools and Equipment
 Safety Measures and Practices
ASSESSMENT  Tools and equipment are checked

CRITERIA immediately after use in line With farm
procedures.
 Routine check-up and maintenance are
performed.
 Tools and equipment are stored in
designated areas in line with farm
procedures.
REFERENCES  www.yahoo.com
 www.google.com
Crop Production: Principles and Practices by S.

Chapman & L. Carter
 Farm Location
ASSESSMENT METHOD
 Observation
 Interview

NC I 79
Learning Outcome No. 3 Perform Preventive Maintenance
Learning Activities Special Instruction
Perform Job sheet 2.3-1 on Evaluate your performance Using

Preventive Maintenance Performance Criteria Checklist
2.3-1
Read Information sheet 2.3-1 Use Read Information sheet 2.3-1

on Types of Tools and on Types of Tools and Equipment
Equipment

key 2.3-1
Perform Job Sheet on 2.3-2 Read Job Sheet on 2.3-2 on

on Safety Measures and Safety Measures and Practices
Practices

NC I 79
Job sheet 2.3-1
Title Preventive Maintenance

able to perform preventive maintenance.
Tools/Materials/  Farm tools
Supplies/  Farm equipment
Equipment  Farm materials/ supplies
 PPE
Procedure Steps Rationale
1. Perform basic 1. Get your ballpen

pre-operative and record book
check up of 2. See Pre operativecheck up
all external of farm implements
farm parts of farm and equipment is very
implements implement and important for a
and equipment horticulturist to
equipment.
3. Record parts that known and to apply
need to repair or for him to elongate the
change functionality and
efficiency o the said
4. Record parts that
implement and
need for greasing
equipment. This is
5. Record farm also to identify if there
implement that are parts that need to
needs for repair or change.
replacement
The foremost
6. Submit records to importance of this is
your trainer. to ensure the
effectiveness of farm
implements and
equipment during
using and to finish
quality
accomplishments
quickly and orderly.

NC I 79
2. Segregate tool 1. Carefully identity The kind or types of
with wear and tools with rust, hand tools used by the
corrosions wear and corrosions farmer determine the
2. Separate tools with success or failures of
wear and corrosions his crops. Preparing
into a strategic place tools needed before
3. Identify the degree using needs pre-
operative check up to
of damage
determine whether it
4. Record the kind and need repair or replace.
number of tools with While check upping
wear and corrosions tools with wear and
corrosions should be
separated for net to
comminute others and
even to destroy itself.
Wear and corrosions is
the start of
deformationof any
tools until such time
that this cannot
already repair and
finally become trash.
3. Perform Tips in making simple Simple maintenance

simple repair repair of tools: and modification of
and preventive A. To repair tool tools and implements
“simple garden tools
maintenance handle:
are simple to repair”
of tools, farm 1. Clamp the tool spend a little time
implement blade in a bench checking your garden
and vise tools for things to fix
equipment. 2. Remove the handle and recycle by
from the hasp using changing damage
a drill, hammer or parts and through
other tools as welding.
needed. Tools are all
3. Insert the new implements that make
handle from the growing of flowers,
vegetables and fruit
NC I 79
hasp. trees easily. Garden
4. Tighten the handle tools include shovel,
in the hasp using spading fork, hoes,
the fasteners. A use hoses, shears, bolos
of screw and and clippers. They
screwdriver tohelp the growers dig
firmly attach the and refill holes,
handle to the tool eliminate weeds,
head. cultivate the soil
prune trees and
B. To fix a leaky hose:
shrubs and trim
1. Cut through the grasses.
hose in either side
of the bad section
using sharp knife.
2. Attach male and
female hose
coupling to the
cut ends following
the directions.
C. Clean Rust From
Garden Tools
1. Remove any dirt

or debris from
the tool by
spraying it off
with water.
2. Dry the tool
thoroughly with a
clean rag.
3. Scrub the rust
away using steel
wool. Wear
garden gloves to
protect your
hands.
4. Brush away
remaining rust
with a stiff wire
NC I 79
brush, applying
pressure as
necessary to
remove the rust.
If brushing
removes all the
remaining rust,
proceed to Step
9.
5. Mix rust remover
with water in a
bucket, following
the
manufacturer's
instructions.
6. Place the tool
into the rust
remover mixture.
7. Wait 10 to 20
minutes,
depending on the
amount of rust,
for the rust
remover to work.
8. Remove the tool
from the rust
remover. Wear
rubber gloves to
protect your
hands.
9. Rinse the tool by
spraying it with
water.
10. Dry the
tool thoroughly
with a clean rag.

NC I 79
3. Perform Regarding the This time we have to
basic post- preparation of tools for check it up again the
operative long storage, you can tools, implement and
check up adopt some of the equipment we have
tools, practices mentioned use and prepare for
implement/ below: storage.
equipments 1. Begin by gathering
and all hand tools and
facilities removing dirt or
rust with a wire
brush, steel wool or
light sand paper.
An old pros tip is to
keep galvanized tub
with sand and
waste oil to clean
tools by inserting
the shovels, spades
and forks into a
mixture and moving
them up and down,
they get a good
scrubbing with the
abrasive sand as
well as a coat of
lubricant.
2. For tools that need
sharpening, do with
file that is made
especially for this
task. Remember to
move the file in one
direction only and
at 45 degree angle.
3. If necessary sand
wooden handles
with sand papers

NC I 79
and follow up with
a coat of paste wax
or linseed oil.
4. Spray metal parts
with a good coat of
lubricating oil. This
will discourage rust
as your tools
stored.
5. Store your tool up
off the ground and
a dry spot.
6. Drain water hoses
and hang them in
the garage.

Assessment

NC I 79
Criteria Yes No
Did the trainee…
1. Perform basic pre-operative check up of farm
implements and equipment?
2. Segregate tool with wear and corrosions?
3. Perform simple repair and preventive

maintenance of tools, farm implement and
equipment?
4. Perform basic post-operative checkup tools,

implement/ equipment and facilities?
5. Use PPE?
6. Observe 5’s?
Information Sheet 2.3-1

Types of Tools and Equipment
differentiate the different types of tools and equipment.
Equipment
These are machineries used in horticultural operations especially in
vegetable production. They are used in land preparation and in transporting
farm inputs and products. These equipment need a highly skilled operator
to use.
1.Hand tractor is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large area
of land.

NC I 79
2.Four wheel tractor is usedto pull disc plow and disc harrow in preparing
much bigger area of land.
3.Water pumps are used to draw irrigation water from a source.
Farm Tractor for plowing
Farm Implements
These are accessories which are being pulled by working animals or
mounted to machineries (hand tractor, tractor) which are usually used in
the preparation of wide land. These are usually made of a special kind of
metal.
1.Plows. These are farm implements used in horticultural operations
either pulled by a working animal or a tractor. The plow is specifically
used for tilling large areas, making furrows and inters row cultivation.
Plows pulled by working animals are made of either a
combination of metal or wood or pure metal. They are used to till
areas with a shallower depth than that of the disc plows which are
pulled by tractors.

NC I 79
Native plow Disc plow
2.Harrow. The native wooden harrow is made of wood with a metal tooth
and pulled by a carabao while the disc harrow is a metal mounted to a
tractor. Harrows are used for tilling and pulverizing the soil.
Native wooden harrow Disc harrow
3..Rotavator. The rotavator is an implement mounted to a tractor used for

tilling and pulverizing the soil
Hand Tools
Hand tools are usually light and are used without the help of animals or
machines. They are being used in performing farm activities which involve
small areas like school garden and home garden.

NC I 79
1. Bolo is used for cutting of grasses
and weeds, loosening and pulverizing
the soil, digging small holes for
planting and posts, and breaking the
topsoil in preparing garden plots if
no other tools are available.
2. Crowbar is used for digging big

holes and for digging out big stones
and stumps.
3 .Pick-mattock is used for digging

canals, breaking hard topsoil and for
digging up stones and tree stumps.
3. Grab-hoe is used for breaking hard

topsoil and pulverizing soil.

NC I 79
4. Spade is used for removing trash or
soil, digging canals or ditches and
mixing soil media.
5. Shovel is used in removing trash,

digging loose soil, moving soil from
one place to another and for mixing
soil media.
6. Rake is used for cleaning the ground

and leveling the topsoil.
7. Spading fork is used for loosening

the soil, digging out root crops and
turning over the materials in a
compost heap.
8. Light hoe is used for loosening and

leveling soil and digging out furrows
for planting.

NC I 79
9. Hand trowel is used for loosening
the soil around the growing plants
and putting small amount of manure
in the soil.
10. Hand cultivator is used for

cultivating the garden plot by
loosening the soil and removing
young weeds around the plant.
11. Hand fork is for inter row

cultivation.
12. Pruning shears is for cutting

branches of planting materials and
unnecessary branches of plants.

NC I 79
13. Axe is for cutting bigger size post.
14. Knife is for cutting planting

materials and for performing other
operations in horticulture.
Materials/Supplies
MATERIALS USAGE/PURPOSE
1. Agri-bag (Polyethylene) For Bagging seedlings

NC I 79
2. Seeds For planting
3. Fertilizers For Plant growth and development
4. String
For straightening rows
Other materials, tools and equipment

1. Water pails – for hauling water, manure and fertilizers
2. Sprinklers – for watering seedlings and young plants
3. Wheel barrow – for hauling trash, manures, fertilizers, planting materials
and other equipment
4. Sprayers – for spraying insecticides, foliar fertilizers, fungicides and
herbicide

NC I 79
Water pails Sprinklers Wheel barrow
Trigger sprayer Knapsack sprayer Power Sprayer

It has been mentioned earlier that tools, implements and equipment
facilitate work conveniently but then a user must bear in mind that
knowledge on the usability of these tools lead a safe and successful
endeavor. Before using any of the tools, implements, and equipment, always
check whether or not they are still usable or serviceable. Always check or
refer to the manual of operations as prescribed by the manufacturer for
other tools and equipment that are new to you. Always ask the assistance of
skilled operator whenever necessary.
Tools that are defective should be separated and be fixed immediately
to avoid accident.

NC I 79
Self-Check 2.3-1
TRUE OR FALSE:
Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the statement

is wrong. Write your answer in a separate sheet
1. The shovel isused for breaking hard top soil.

2. The wheel borrow is used for moving the soil from one
place to another.
3. The Spading fork is used for turning over materials in a
compost heap.
4. The farm equipment is used to plow the area.
5. Thesprayeris used for spraying chemicals such as
herbicide, insecticides.
6. A polyethyleneis used for bagging seedlings?
7. Afertilizer is used by plant for growth and development.
8. The string isusedfor straightening rows.
9. The tractor is usedfor loosening soil around the growing
plant.
10.The rake is use for piling grasses and leveling the plot.

NC I 79
Answer Key 2.3-1
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. True

NC I 79
Job Sheet 2.3-2
Title Safety Measures and Practices

able to perform safety measure and practices.
Tools/  Farm tools
Materials/  Farm equipment
Supplies/  Farm materials/
Equipment supplies
 PPE
Procedure Steps Rationale
5. Follow a. Spot the

A hazard is any situation,
Hazard hazard activity, procedure, equipment
Control or animal that could harm
System someone. When spotting
hazards, focus on all farm
tasks, equipment and
substances. When listing
hazards use:
 Common sense
 Information from past
accidents, near accidents
and other experiences
 Information from your
family, employees,
neighbors
 Product literature and
information from suppliers
Risk assessment mainly

depends on two factors:
 The likehoodof an
accident - Is it likely or
NC I 79
unlikely to occur?
 The severity of the
accident - Could it
cause death, serious
injury or minor injury?
b. Assess the
risk
- determine the
risk of harm for
the hazard(s)
you’ve spotted.
- To assess the
risk of a hazard
hurting
someone, ask
questions like:
 How many There are several ways to

people control hazards. Pick the
come in way(s) that’s reasonable and
contact practical for the circumstance
with the you face.
hazard?
 How 1. Eliminate hazard posed by
often? equipment, animals, and
 How environment if at all
seriously possible. You could, for
could example, get rid of faulty
someone machine, sell a bull that is
be difficult to handle, put hilly
harmed? terrain into pastureland
 How rather than cultivate it.
quickly
could a
2. Substitute something safer
dangerous
by using a different
situation
machine, material or work
come up if
practice that poses less
something
risk to perform the same
goes
task. For example, you
wrong?
could substitute a safer

NC I 79
chemical for a hazardous
chemical or always use
c. Make the
your safer tractor in steep
Change terrain to minimize the risk
of rollover.
3. Use engineering/design
controls when it’s not
possible to eliminate
hazards or substitute safer
materials or emergency.
PTO and auger guards,
rollover protective
structures (RORPS) and
brake locks are good
example of blocking
controls used in farms.
Design controls that isolate
the worker/family from the
hazard including
childproof locks on
pesticide sheds, fenced
safe play areas away from
immediate work
environment and locating
grain bins away from
electrical lines.
4. Protecting the workers if

other controls are
inadequate. Protect
workers through training
supervision and personal
protective equipment. For
example, you should
supervise new workers
until you’re sure they’re
competent to deal with
hazardous situation. Use
and provide proper clothes
and masks for handling
Dangerous chemicals or

NC I 79
biohazards.
Ensure someone at the
worksite is trained in
giving first aid.
2. Control a. Spot the Expose to chemical or

chemical Hazard biohazard might happen as:
hazards and
biohazards
 An accident exposure to
the hazard- spilling during
the storage, transport or
disposal of a hazardous
substance
 A routine exposure to the
hazard- during time a
chemical or biological
substance is applied or
other application.
 An unforeseen exposure
to the hazard- for example,
exposure to hanta virus,
moulds or their spores,
while cleaning a
contaminated enclosed
area.
The risks of chemical and

biological hazards are often
ignored because the effects
may appear only after long-
b. Assess the
term exposure. The long-term
Risk consequences however can be
severe and even deadly. Some
chemicals, including
anhydrous ammonia and some
viral agents such as
Hantavirus can be life
threatening.

NC I 79
Obtain information from
suppliers (e.g. Material Data
Safety Sheet [MSDS], product
information), from health and
regulatory authorities (e.g.
hazards alert, educational
material), from neighbors and
associations. MSDSs and
labels are required by law for
most hazardous products
under Workplace Hazardous
Materials Information Systems
(WMHMIS) requirements.
Use this information to assess
the risk.
As the employer, you need to

protect your workers from
chemical and biological
workplace hazards.
Develop emergency response

c. Make procedures for any possible
Necessary situation
Changes
1. Keep an
up to date
inventory Know and use the Workplace
of Hazardous Materials
hazardous Information Systems (WHMIS)
and for additional information
chemical about how WMHMIS applies to
biological farmers read the advanced
substance education, employment and
s. labor publication Workplace
2. Use Hazardous Materials
obtained Information
System(WMHMIS) for
NC I 79
informatio farmers.
n for
training,
to develop
work
procedure
s, and to
conduct
workplace
monitorin
g and
inspection
s.
3. Use safe
work
procedure
s and
processes:
 Use
personal
protective
equipment
suitable for
the job and
store the PPE
separate
from
chemical
holding
areas.
 Know to use
the PPE and
its
limitations.
 Lock
chemical
sheds and
place them
out of areas
likely to
flood.
NC I 79
 Store
chemicals in
containers
Don’t store
incompatible
chemicals
together.
 Don’t store
explosives
near
detonators
 Follow
manufacture
r’s
recommendat
ions and
environment
al
requirements
for disposal
 Secure
hazardous
substances
during
transport
 Assign
responsibiliti
es to those
who order,
purchase,
receive and
transport
hazardous
substances
for ensuring
that
adequate
hazard
information
is obtained
 Prepare for
emergency
spills, leaks

NC I 79
or releases
Assessment
Criteria Yes No
Did the trainee…
1. Spot known and potential hazards?
2. Assess the risks of these hazards?
3. Identify the risks of these hazards?
4. Make the changes that will eliminate or control

the hazard?
5. Control chemical hazards and biohazards?

NC I 79
NC I 79
INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT
EVIDENCE PLAN
Qualification Title Agricultural Crops Production NC I
Unit of Competency Use Farm Tools and Equipment
Module Title Using Farm Tools and Equipment

Ways in which
evidence will be
collected (tick the box)
Demonstration
Oral interview
Written Exam
Portfolio
The evidence must show that the candidate…

Identify and select farm tools and equipment. * x x
Operate farm tools and equipment. * x

x
Perform Preventive Maintenance * x

x
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

NC I 79
DEMONSTRATION WITH QUESTIONING CHECKLIST
CANDIDATES NAME
ASSESSORS NAME
QUALIFICATION Agricultural Crops Production NC I
UNIT OF COMPETENCY Use Farm Tools and Equipment
DATE OF ASSESSMENT
TIME OF ASSESSMENT
INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEMONSTRATION
Given the necessary materials, tools and equipment, the candidate must
be able to perform the following
 Using Farm Tools and Equipment
Observation:
Yes No
Identified appropriate farm tools according to

requirement/use?
Checked Farm tools for faults and defective tools reported

in accordance with farm Procedures?
Used appropriate Tools and Equipment safely according to

job requirements and manufacturers conditions.
Read instructional manual of the farm tools and equipment

are carefully prior to operation?
Conducted pre-operation check- up in line with

manufacturers manual?
NC I 79
Identified and reported Faults in farm equipment in line
with farm procedures?
Used farm equipment according to its function?
Checked tools and equipment immediately after use in line

Performed Routine check-up and maintenance?
Stored Tools and equipment in designated areas in line


NC I 79
INTERVIEW QUESTION CHECKLIST
QUESTIONS Satisfactory
response
YES NO
1. What would be the reason for performing preventive
maintenance?
2. What would you do if you do not know how to use some
farm tools and equipment?
3. Having no money at this time, how would you till an
area with a shallower depth if disc plows and tractor
are damaged?
4. What safety equipment and clothing should you use

when using farm tools and equipment?
5. What would you do if some of the tools/and

equipment required are not available?
Feedback to the Candidate:
The Candidate’s overall performance was:
Satisfactory Not
Satisfactory
Candidate Signature Date
Assessor signature Date

NC I 79
Expected Answer:
1. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools,
equipment, in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit downtime
and extend productivity
2. Refer to their Manual and Specifications. Instructional manual of the
farm tools and equipment are carefully read prior to operation, following
safety procedures.
3. Use harrow pulled by working animals.
4. Use Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing,
helmets, goggles, or other garment or equipment designed to protect the
wearer's body from injury by blunt impacts, electrical hazards, heat,
chemicals, and infection, for job-related occupational safety and health
purposes.
5. You may need to improvise to provide effective equipment/tools that will
not endangered your life and complete the work effectively.. That is, you may
need to be creative and think laterally because you might not have exactly
what you require. You will need to use something else instead.
Written Test:
Multiple Choices
Instruction: Choice the letter with the correct answer.
6. _______is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large area of

land.
a. Hand tractor
c. Water pumps
d. Plows
7. ______is usedto pull disc plow and disc harrow in preparing much bigger
area of land.
7. . Hand tractor
8. b. Four wheel tractors
9. c. Water pumps
10. d. Plows

NC I 79
3.______are used to draw irrigation water from a source.
a. Hand tractor
c. Water pumps
d. Plows
9. ______ pulled by working animals are made of either a combination of

metal or wood or pure metal.
a. Hand tractor
c. Water pumps
d. Plows
10. ______ are used for tilling and pulverizing the soil.
a. Harrows
c. Water pumps
d. Plows
Identification
Instruction: Identify what kind of hand tools are the following.
2. ___________

NC I 79
2. ___________
3._____________
4. ______________
5.___________

NC I 79
11. ____________
12. __________
13. _____________
8. ________________ 9. ___________________ 10._________________
TRUE OR FALSE:
Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the statement

is wrong. Write your answer in a separate sheet
1. The shovel is used for breaking hard top soil.

2. The wheel borrow is used for moving the soil from one
place to another.
Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 100
NC I of 79
3. The Spading fork is used for turning over materials in a
compost heap.
4. The farm equipment is used to plow the area.
5. The sprayeris used for spraying chemicals such as
herbicide, insecticides.
6. A polyethylene is used for bagging seedlings?
7. A fertilizer is used by plant for growth and development.
8. The string isused for straightening rows.
9. The tractor is used for loosening soil around the growing
plant.
10. The rake is use for piling grasses and leveling the plot.

NC I of 79
Answer Key:
Multiple Choices
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
Identification
3. Bolo
4. Crowbar
3.Pick-mattock

NC I of 79
9. Grab-hoe
10. Spade
11. Shovel
12. Rake

NC I of 79
13. Trigger sprayer 9. Knapsack sprayer 10.Power
Sprayer
True or False
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. True

NC I of 79

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 2 of

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 3 of

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 4 of

N UNIT OF MODULE TITLE CODE

2 Use Farm Tools and Using Farm Tools and AGR321202

3 Perform Estimation and Performing Estimation AGR321203

4 Apply Basic First Aid Applying Basic First Aid AGR321204

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 5 of

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Use Farm Tools and Equipment

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 6 of

CONTENTS:  Farm Equipment (Motorized and Electrical

 Identified appropriate farm tools according to

Crop Production: Principles and Practices by

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 7 of

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information sheet 2.1- Use Information sheet 2.1-1 on

Answer Self-Check 2.1-1 Check your answers using Answer

Read Information sheet 2.1- Use Read Information sheet 2.1-

Answer Self-Check 2.1-2 Check your answers using Answer

Read Information sheet 2.1- Use Information sheet 2.1-3 on

Answer Self-Check 2.1-3 Check your answers using Answer

Information sheet 2.1-1

A tractor is a vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive

A modern 4-wheel drive tractor

- Use to cultivate wider area

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 9 of

It can serve as a loader

It can serve as a fork lift.

A modern steerable all-tracked power

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 10 of

Cultivators are pulled by tractors and can

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 11 of

Small tilling equipment, used in small

3. Water pumps are used to draw irrigation water from a source.

Farm Tractor for plowing

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 12 of

Native plow Disc plow

2. Harrow. The native wooden harrow is made of wood with a metal

Native wooden harrow Disc harrow

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 13 of

Gasoline fuel operated Electric operated Manualoperated

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 14 of

1. _______is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large area of

3.______are used to draw irrigation water from a source.

4. ______ pulled by working animals are made of either a combination of

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 15 of

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 16 of

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 17 of

Farm Tools (Power and handheld Tools)

A scythe is an agricultural hand tool for

Use in collecting grasses and hay

Pick Mattock ~ Cutter Mattock ~ Pick

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 18 of

Weeder Fork Hoe ~ Two Prong Hoe ~

Round tip shovel

Round tip hoe

Agricultural Crops Production Date Developed:: August 2019 Page 19 of

Other Hand Tools

1. Bolo is used for cutting of grasses

8. ______ 9. _ 10._________