TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

Sustainable Transportation
((PART 1 = Transport Supply
y Management)
g )

International Civil Engineering Program

Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

J. Dwijoko Ansusanto
Problems of Motorization in
Indonesia
1. Traffic Congestion
g
2. Traffic Accident
3. g urban environment
A deteriorating
4. Conflict between motorized and non-motorized
transport
5. Failure of public transport to supply the poor in a
non-subsidized commercial market
6 Suburbanization and urban sprawl
6.
7. Energy conservation and reduction of CO2
emission
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION

Sustainability
S t i bilit planning
l i i to
is t d
development
l t what
h t
preventive medicine is to health:

it anticipates and manages problems rather than

waiting for crises to develop.
(Todd Litman,
Litman VTPI)
PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
TThe difficulty of providing enough mobility
which people wanted even with all the
serious efforts in the past decades
decades.
Why
Wh Ch
Change P
Paradigms?
di ?
Our transportation system provides many
benefits, but it also causes many problems.
T It serves non
non-drivers
drivers poorly
poorly.
T It distributes benefits and cost inequitably
T It is financially burdensome to households
households,
governments and businesses.
Why
Wh Ch
Change P
Paradigms?
di ?
T It is increasingly inefficient due to traffic
congestion and dispersed land use.
T It is a major
j cause of death and disability. y
T It contradicts environmental and quality of life
objectives.
j
T It relies on non-renewable resources that may
become scarce in the future.
Why
Wh Ch
Change P
Paradigms?
di ?
• A paradigm refers to how people think about
problems and develop solutions.
• “Work smarter,, not harder”
• “Think outside the box”
• Paradigm shifts needed to achieve more
sustainable transport.
S t i bl Transport
Sustainable T t

Center for Sustainable Development (1997)

Sustainable transport system providing
access to the individual or society for
human healthy and ecosystem now and
forever.
What is Sustainable
Transportation?
Sustainable transportation requires using
each mode for what it does best,, which
typically means greater reliance on non-
motorized for local travel,, increased use
of public transit in urban areas,
a reduction ((but not elimination)) of
personal automobiles use
((World Bank,, 1996).)
S t i bl Transport
Sustainable T t (continued)

Must be financial reach-able

reach able, eficient to
operate, provide mode choice, and supporting
economic growth
S t i bl Transport
Sustainable T t (continued)

• Reducing emission and waste acording

nature absorbsion,
• Minimizing energy usage
usage,
• Using recycle component,
• Minimizing usage of land,
• Restrain of sound noise.
S t i bl Transportation
Sustainable T t ti
Strategies are those that meet the basic
mobility needs of all and be sustained into the
foreseeable future without destruction of the
local or planetary resource base
S t i bl Transportation
Sustainable T t ti
Require the balanced harmonious balancing
of three elements (3E Æ Economics,
Environment and Equity)
Environment,
mobility is to be pursued in a manner
consistent with long
long-term
term environmental
protection and social fairness (other variant is
3P Æ Poverty,
Poverty Population
Population, and Pollution)
Pollution).
S t i bl Transportation
Sustainable T t ti
Objectives of Sustainable Urban
Transportation
• meet the demand for
mobility
• optimize use of resources
• improve
i environmental
i t l
quality
• promote social harmony
• increase level of safety
• realize the virtuous cycle of
society, economy, mobility
and environment.
PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
T Conventional urban transport planners
intended to accommodate increasing
transport demands with new constructions
and major improvements of transport
facilities and also with efficient use of
facilities,
existing infrastructure through various
traffic engineering measures (i (i.e.
e Traffic
Management)
PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
T This demand-following
demand following type approach was
found to be effective for some time,
T but as motorization and further
urbanization proceeded this approach has
become ineffective and difficult to pursue
both financially and politically.
Th Vicious
The Vi i Circle
Ci l off Congestion
C ti

Congestion Public
The number pressures to
of increase
movements capacity
increases
New
The average capacity
length of Movements
movements are more
increases Urban sprawl
easy
is favored
PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
TProfessor P
P. Goodwin referred to the
underlying changes of transport policy as a
PREDICT and PROVIDE
“PREDICT PROVIDE” approach
to a
“PREDICT and PREVENT” approach.
URBAN TRANSPORT
S O POLICY
O C O OPTIONS
O S

ACTIVITY TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
(D
(Demand
d Sid
Side)) (S
(Supply
l Sid
Side))

INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
(S i t )
(Society)
Transportation
Supply
Management
TSM vs TDM
• Transportation Supply Management (TSM):
– TSM measures to enhance capacity and throughput,
and traffic flow and operations
– TSM measures to restrain traffic flow and throughput
• Transportation Demand Management (TDM):
– include a variety of measures to reduce individual
transport and change transport demand types.
T
Transport
t Supply
S l Management
M t
• Transportation supply management
strategies maintain or improve safety for all
users defer the need for major
users,
infrastructure investments, provide the best
possible level of service
service, and minimize the
impacts of transportation activities on
community livability
livability.
T
Transport
t Supply
S l Management
M t
• Wide range of Transport Supply
Management strategies also include: make
the best use of its facilities
facilities, networks and
services, both to maximize their people-
moving capacity and to reduce the costs of
their operation
Down s Law (1962)
Down’s
or Down’s Triple Convergence (1992)
New highway construction along a traffic
corridor reduces travel impedance, but it
also induces traffic from other corridors
and other mode, often resulting in return to
previous congestion levels.
Moreover, latent demand created by the
previous shortage of road capacity also
surfaces
f and
d swamps the
th new highway
hi h
capacity.
CONGESTION REDUCING MEASURES
SUPPLY SIDE (TSM) DEMAND SIDE (TDM)

• Efficient Use of • Manage Existing

Existing Facilities Demand

• Increase Supply • Control Demand

Go t
Growth
EVALUATION OF MEASURES
BY CATEGORY
• Measures that reduce congestion by
managing the existing supply are rated
above average in effectiveness and
below average in cost and ease of
implementation.
implementation
EVALUATION OF MEASURES
BY CATEGORY
• Measures that reduce congestion by
adding to the supply are rated the most
effective; however,
however they are also rated the
most expensive to implement or operate
and the most difficult to implement.
implement
D li with
Dealing ith Traffic
T ffi Congestion
C ti
Managing Road Space Supply
• Managing existing street space more efficiently
to maximize available capacity
p y
• Construct new streets and roads to add more
capacity
p y
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
(Supply Side)
p Traffic Management
p Improvement of Alternative Modes
p Integrated
I t t d Multi-Mode
M lti M d TTransportt System
S t
p Transportation Infrastructure Development
p New Technology
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
(Supply Side)
p Traffic Management
~ Efficient use via traffic eng. Measures
p Improvement
I t off Alternative
Alt ti Modes
M d
~ Public transportation;
~ Para-transit;
y g
~ Bicycle/walking.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
(Supply Side)
p Integrated Multi-Mode
Multi Mode Transport System
~ Park and Ride facilities;
~ Kiss and Ride facilities.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
(Supply Side)
p Transportation Infrastructure Development
~ Functional road / public transportation
network;
~ High quality / capacity system – urban
rail;
~ Ring road / bypass.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
(Supply Side)
p New Technology
~ Intelligent Transportation System;
~ Low
L emission
i i vehicle;
hi l
~ New underground delivery system.
Transport Facilities Improvement in
Indonesia (Tamin, 2000)
• Build New Roadway
• Infrastructures Capacity Improvement
• T ffi Engineering
Traffic E i i &M Managementt
• Parking Regulation
• Public Transport Priority
B ild New
Build N Roadway
R d (Surabaya’s Case)

• Airport Tollroad
• Urban Tollroad [Tol Aloha – Perak]
• Outter Roadway [jalan di depan Galaxy Mall]
• New Roadlink, linking beetwen 2 zones that high
in traffic volume
I f t
Infrastructures
t Capacity
C it Improvement
I t
• Widening and Improvement intersection
geometric
• Build non g
grade intersection [[A. Yani –
Jemurandayani]
• Build new roadwayy beetwen inter urban area
• Build Pedestrian-cross bridge
T ffi Engineering
Traffic E i i & Management
M t
Improvement Traffic Lighting Signal and Road
Network System

• Isolated Traffic Signal Sistem and coordinated

((Area Traffic Control System/ATCS)
y )
T ffi Engineering
Traffic E i i & Management
M t
• Improvement road network that supporting to the
Integrated Urban Public Transportation
(SAUTPT= Sistem Angkutan Umum Transportasi Perkotaan Terpadu
)Æ Comutter
C tt Train
T i “SUSI”
“SUSI”=Surabaya-Sidoarjo,
S b Sid j
“SULAM”=Surabaya-Lamongan, “PRAMEX”, etc
`
• Management Transport Implementation (parking,
pedestrian busway/buslane,
pedestrian, busway/buslane traffic restraint)
restraint).
T ffi Engineering
Traffic E i i & Management
M t
Parking Policy
• On Street parking restrain
• Park and ride
• Fare of Parking
• Penalty of parking not in place
T ffi Engineering
Traffic E i i & Management
M t
Public Transport Priority
• Improvement of service operating Æheadway,
comfort,, safety,
y, etc.
• Improvement road infrastructures Æ shelter
• Special lane for bus Æ buslane,
buslane busway
• Bus priority in the intersection
• Pedestrian facility
CONTRA FLOW
 The end of
Transportation Supply Management (TSM)

To be Continue …………………
(Maturnuwun)