Time Allowed: 2 Hours

PRACTICE PAPER – 1
General Instructions:
(i) There are 12 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(ii) Section A - Q. No. 1 to 3 are very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(iii) Section B - Q. No. 4 to 11 are short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(iv) Section C- Q. No. 12 is case based question carrying 5 marks.
(v) All questions are compulsory.
(vi) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed

SECTION-A
1. Out of the following pairs, predict with reason which pair will allow greater conduction of electricity (Any two)
2
(a) Silver wire at 30°C or silver wire at 60°C
(b) 0.1 M CH3COOH solution or 1M CH3COOH solution
(c) KCl solution at 20°C or KCl solution at 50°C
Ans. (a) Silver wire at 30°C because conductance of metals increase with decrease in temperature due to decrease in
resistance.
(b) 0.1 M CH3COOH due to lower concentration, degree of ionisation increases.
(c) KCl at 50°C because mobility of ions increases with increase in temperature.
2. (a) Arrange the following in increasing order of pKa. 2
CH3CH2COOH, CH3COOH, C6H5COOH, C6H5CH2COOH
(b) Arrange the following in increasing order of reactivity towards NaHSO3
Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Acetophenone, Formaldehyde
Ans. (a) C6H5COOH < C6H5CH2COOH < CH3COOH < CH3CH2COOH
(b) Acetophenone < Acetone < Acetaldehyde < Formaldehyde
3. (a) Write IUPAC name of CH3 — CH = CH —COOH 2
(b) How will you distinguish between acetone and acetaldehyde?
Ans. (a) But-2-enoic acid
(b) Add Tollen's reagent. Acetaldehyde will form silver mirror whereas acetone will not react.

SECTION-B
4. Complete the following. (1×3=3)
(a) CH COOH N 
H3
 A N  B
aOBr
(b) C6 H 5 NO 2  
 A      B
Fe/ HCl NaNO 2 HCl

C
3 05C
(c) C H N Cl   A
  uCN H2O/ H
6 5 2 
 B

Ans. (a) 'A' is CH CONH ,'B' is CH NH (b) 'A' is C H NH ,'B' is C H N + Cl–
3 2 3 2 6 5 2 6 5 2
(c) 'A' is C H C  N'B' is C H COOH
6 5 6 5
OR
(a) How will you distinguish between the following pairs of compounds?
(i) Aniline and ethanamine (ii) Aniline and N-methyl aniline
(b) Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of their boiling points.
Butanol, Butanamine, Butane
7
Ans. (a) (i) Add NaNO2 + HCl. Cool it to 0 – 5°C. Add alkaline solution of phenol.
Aniline will form orange azo dye, ethanamine will not.
(ii) Add CHCl3 and KOH (alc). Aniline will form offensive smelling compound, phenyl isocyanide, N-Methyl
aniline will not react.
(b) Butanol > Butanamine > Butane
5. (a) Write electronic configuration of iron ion in the following complex ion and predict its magnetic behaviour in
[Fe(H2O)6]2f (Fe = 26)
(b) Write IUPAC name of [CoCl2(en)2] NO3
(c) Predict the geometry of [Cu(NH 3)4]2+ (1+2)
4 2
Ans. (a) t 2g,e g , it has four unpaired electrons. [H O2
is weak field ligand]
(b) Dichloridobis (Ethane-1, 2-diamine) cobalt (III) nitrate.
(c) It has square planar geometry due to dsp2 hybridisation.
OR
(a) Give the formula of potassium tetrahydroxidozincate II.
(b) Why [Ni(CN)4]2– is diamagnetic whereas [NiCl 4]2– paramagnetic?
(c) [Ti(H 2O) 6 ]3+ is violet whereas (Ti(H 2O) 6)4+ is colourless. Why?
Ans. (a) K2[Zn(OH)4]
(b) [Ni(CN)4]2– does not have unpaired electrons whereas (NiCl 4)2– has unpaired elections.
(c) [Ti(H O) ]3+ has one unpaired electron. It can undergo d-d transition by absorbing energy from visible region
2 6
and radiates purple colour whereas [Ti(H O) ]4+ does not have unpaired electrons.
2 6
6. Give reasons for the following. (1×3=3)
(a) Transition metals act as catalyst.
(b) It is difficult to obtain oxidation state greater than two for copper.
(c) CrO is basic but Cr2O3 is amphoteric.
Ans. (a) It is due to large surface area and ability to show variable oxidation state.
(b) It is due to high third ionisation energy.
(c) Oxidation state of Cr in Cr2O3 is +3 and CrO is +2. Higher the oxidation state, lesser will be ionic character.
That is why CrO is basic but, Cr2O3 is amphoteric.
7. Observed and calculated values for standard electrode potentials of elements from Ti to Zn in the first series are
depicted in the diagram. (3)
Explain the following observations.
(a) The general trend towards less negative E° values across
the series.
(b) The unique behaviour of copper.
(c) More negative E° values of Mn and Zn.
Ans. (a) It is due to increase in sum of first and second ionisation
enthalpies.
(b) The high energy needed to convert Cu(s) to Cu2+ (aq) is not
balanced by hydration energy.
(c) Mn2+ (3d5) is more stable due to half filled d orbitals
and Zn2+(3d10) is more stable due to completely filled d-
orbitals.
OR
Give reason of the following.
(a) Transition metals form alloys.
(b) Zinc has lowest enthalpy of atomisation.
(c) Manganese shows higher oxidation state of +4 with fluorine but shows +7 with oxygen.

8 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
Ans. (a) It is due to similar atomic size, they can replace each other in metallic bond.
(b) It is due to weak metallic bonds due to larger size and absence of unpaired electrons.
(c) It is because 'F' cannot form double bond whereas oxygen can form double bonds.
8. (a) Why do true solution not show Tyndall effect?
(b) Lyophilic sols are more stable than lyophobic sols. Why?
(c) When KI is added to excess of AgNO3, positively charged AgI sol is formed. Why?
Ans. (a) The particles of true solutions are very small (<1 nm), do not scatter light, and hence, do not show Tyndall
effect.
(b) In lyophilic sols, there is strong attraction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium as compared to
lyophobic sols.
(c) It is due to adsorption of Ag+ due to excess of AgNO 3forming AgI/Ag+.
9. Arrange the following in increasing order of property specified. (1×3=3)
(a) Aniline, ethanamine, N-ethyl ethanamine (solubility in water)
(b) Ethanoic acid, ethanamine, ethanol (boiling point)
(c) Methenamine, N, N-dimethyl methanamine, N-methyl methanamine (basic strength in aquous phase)
Ans. (a) Aniline < N-ethyl ethanamine < ethanamine
(b) Ethanamine < ethanol < ethanoic acid
(c) N, N-dimethyl methanamine < methanamine < N-methyl methanamine
OR
(a) Give a chemical test to distinguish between N-methyl ethanamine and N, N-dimethyl ethanamine.
(b) Write the reaction for the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene followed by reaction of product formed with
Bromine water.
(c) Out of butan-l-ol and butan-1-amine, which will be more soluble in water and why?
Ans. (a) Add Hinsberg reagent. N-methyl ethanamine will form compound insoluble in KOH while N, N - dimethyl
ethanamine will not react.
C6H5SO2Cl + CH3NHC2H5 → C6H5SO2N — C2H5 + HCl
|
CH3
NO2 NH2 NH2
(b) Sn/ HCl Br Br
+ 6[H] 
 + 3 Br2(aq) → + 3HBr

Br
(c) Butan-1-ol will be more soluble in water because alcohols form stronger H – bonds than amines as oxygen is
more electronegative than nitrogen.
10. An organic compound 'A' C8H6 on treatment with dil H2SO4 containing HgSO4 gives a compound 'B'. 'B' can be
obtained by reaction of benzene with acetyl chloride in presence of AlCl3(only). 'B' on treatment with I2 / KOH
gives 'C' and a yellow ppt on 'D'. Identify A, B, C and D. Give the chemical reaction involved. (3)
OH O
Ans.
| ||
C  CH C = CH2 C — CH3
H2SO4
H O 
2
 :
HgSO4
Phenyl ethyne (enol form) Acetophenone
'A' 'B'

PRACTICE PAPER–1 ■ 9
 COCH3
O
|| lCl3 (anhy) 
A
+ CH3 – C – Cl     
+ HCl

Benzene 'B'

COCH3 COONa3

+ 3I2 + 4KOH → + CHI3 ↓ + 3NaI + 2H2O

yellow ppt
'B' 'C' 'D'

11. Calculate the emf of cell for the following cell reaction at 298 K and also represent the cell
E°cell = 2.204V, Mg(s) + Sn2+ (0.1M) → Mg2+ (0.01M) + Sn(s) [log 10 = 1] [log10–1 = – 1] (1×3=3)
Ans. Mg (s) / Mg2+ (0.01 M) || Sn2+ (0.1M) / Sn(s)
0.0591 [Mg2 ] 0.0591 [0.01]
Ecell = Ecell  log  2.204V  log
n [Sn2 ] 2 [0.1]
0.0591
= 2.204V  log101  2.204V  0.0295
2
= 2.2335 V

SECTION-C
12. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (5)
Most literature data for the change in food quality based either on some chemical reaction, microbial growth, death
or sensory value follow a zero order or first order kinetics. The integrated equations (1) and (2) for the reaction are
Zero order, loss [A] = [A]0 – k0t
Gain [B] = [B]0 + k0t
[A]
First order, loss ln = – k1t
[A]0
[A] = [A0] e–k1t
[B]
Gain ln = + k1t
[B]0
[B] = [B]0 ek1t
(Source: T.P. Labzua, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55/08
page. 358)
(a) What is order of photo chemical reaction? (1)
(b) If half life of reaction is independent of initial concentration, what is order of reaction? (1)
(c) If we plot a graph between ln[A] vs time, what will be nature of graph and slope? Draw the graph. (1)
(d) A first order reaction has rate constant 2 × 10–3 s–1. How long will it take 5g of A change to 2g of B? (2)
[log5 = 0.6990 log 3 = 0.4771 log2 = 0.3010]
OR
The time required to decompose 'A' to half of its initial amount is 60 minutes. If decomposition is zero order,
calculate, the rate constant if initial concentration of 'A' is 0.02 M.

10 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
Ans. (a) Zero order (b) First order
(c)
Slope = –k1
ln[A]

t 
It will be straight line as shown in diagram.

Slope = – k1
(d) Amount [A] left after time 't' = 5 – 2 = 3g 

5
2.303  2.303 log
[A]0
t= log

 

k [A] 2 103 3
2.303
t= (log 5  log 3)
2 103
2.303 103
= (0.6990  0.4771)
2
2303
=  0.2219  255.51 seconds
2
OR
[A]0  [A]
k=
t
[A]0  [A]0 / 2 [A]0
k= 
t1/2 2t1/2
0.02 1
k=  103
2  60 12
= 0.0833 × 10–3
k = 8.33 × 10–5 min–1

PRACTICE PAPER–1 ■ 11
 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. (a) Why are carboxylic acids stronger than phenol? Justify. (Any two) (2)
(b) Write the structure of 2, 4 - DNP of benzaldehyde.
(c) Write reaction of cyclopropanone with hydroxyl amine
Ans. (a) It is because carboxylate ion is more stable than phenoxide ions due to dispersal of charge on two oxygen.
(b)
C6H5 — CH = N — NH — NO2

NO2
O NOH
(c) + NH2OH Æ + H2O

2. Give reasons. (2)

(a) It is not possible to determine Ʌm for weak electrolyte graphically.
(b) Ʌ° of HCl is greater than that of NaCl.
Ans. (a) It is because a curve cannot be extrapolated.
(b) ɅHCl is more than ɅNaCl because ionic mobility of H+ is more than that of Na+ since it is lighter than Na+.
3. How will you carry out following conversions. (2)
(a) Acetaldehyde to lactic acid (b) Acetone to propane
O OH OH

Ans. (a) CH — C — CH H + HCN Æ CH — C— CN H 
2O / H
 CH 3— C — COOH
3 3 3
Acetaldehyde
H H
Lactic acid
O
Zn(Hg)
(b) CH3 — C — CH3 + 4[H] 
Conc HCl CH3 — CH2 — CH3
Acetone Propane

SECTION-B
4. An organic compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C4H8O2 was hydrolysed with dil. H2SO4 to give a carboxylic
acid ‘B’ and an alcohol ‘C’. ‘C’ on dehydration gives ethene and ‘C’ also on oxidation gives back ‘B’. Identify
‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ and write the chemical equations for the reactions involved. (3)
Ans. ‘A’ is CH3COOCH2CH3 (Ethyl ethanoate), ‘B’ is ethanoic acid and ‘C’ is ethanol.

H
CH COOCH CH + H O CH COOH + CH CH OH
3 2 3 2 3 3 2

‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’

Conc H2SO4
CH CH OH CH = CH + H O
3 2 Heat 443 K 2 2 2

‘C’ Ethene

12
 2[O]
CH3CH2OH Oxidation
CH3COOH
‘C’ ‘B’
Ethanol Ethanoic acid
5. The resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1 mol L−1 KCl solution is 100 Ω. If the resistance of the same
cell when filled with 0.02 mol L−1 KCl solution is 520 Ω, calculate the conductivity and molar conductivity of
0.02 mol L−1 KCl solution. The conductivity of 0.1 mol L−1 KCl solution is 1.29×10−2 S cm−1. (3)
1 l
Ans. K= 
R a
1 l
–2
1.29 × 10 Scm = −1

100 a
l
= 1.29 cm–1
a
1 l 1
K=  = 1.29 cm1 = 2.48 × 10–3 Scm–1
R a 520 
1000  2.48 103Scm-1
Ʌm = 1000 K = = 124 Scm2 mol−1
M 0.02 mol L1
6. Complete the following. (3)
(a) C6 H 5CH 2 Cl   A  B 
AgNO 2
C Sn/HCl CHCl3
Alc.KOH

(b) CH 3 NH 2 H  A P

NO2 Cl5
 B K
CN
C
AgNO2 CHCl3
Ans. (a) C6H5CH2Cl C6H5CH2 NO2 Sn/HCl
C6H5CH2 NH2 Alc.KOH
C6H5CH2 N C
'A' 'B' 'C'
  CH3OH P
HNO 2 Cl5
 CH3Cl
(b) CH3NH2 K
CN
 CH3C  N
 ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’

OR
How will you convert.
(a) Aniline to Fluorobenzene (b) Benzamide to Benzyl amine
(c) Ethanamine to N,N-Diethyl ethanamine


 NH2 N+2C l F

NaNO2 + HCl HBF4
Ans. (a) 0 – 5°C Heat

CONH2 CH2NH2

(b) LiAlH4
Δ, ether
H
|
(c) CH 3CH 2 NH 2 C C 2 H 5  N  C2 H 5 C
2 H5 Cl
C2 H 5  N  C2 H 5
2 H5 Cl

|
C2H5
7. Answer the following questions. (3)
(a) Which of the following is most effective electrolyte for coagulation of AgI/Ag+ sol?
MgCl2, K2SO4, K4[Fe(CN)6]
(b) What happens when a freshly precipitated Fe(OH)3 is shaken with small amount of FeCl3.
(c) Out of sulphur sol and proteins, which one forms macromolecular colloid?

PRACTICE PAPER – 2 ■ 13
 Ans. (a) K4[Fe(CN)6] is most effective because [Fe(CN)6]4– has highest charge.
(b) Fe(OH)3 precipitate is converted into colloidal state by preferential adsorption of Fe3+ ions.
(c) Proteins will form macromolecular colloid.
8. An organic compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C7H7NO reacts with Br2/aqKOH to give a compound ‘B’, which
upon reaction with NaNO2 and HCl at 0°C gives ‘C’. Compound ‘B’ on further reaction with Br2 water gives white
precipitate of ‘D’. Identify ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’, and write the reactions involved. (3)
OR
Complete the following:
Na/C2H5OH CH3COCl
(a) CH3 Cl + AgCN æÆ X Y (b) C2H5NO2 Sn/HCl
X Y

LiAlH4 HNO2
(c) CH3CH2CONH2 X Y

Ans. A is C6H5–CONH2, benzamide, ‘B’ is aniline, ‘C’ is benzene diazonium chloride,‘D’ is 2,4,6 - tribromoaniline.
CONH2 NH N+2Cl
2

Br2/KOH NaNO2 + HCl
0°C

‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’

Br2 (aq)

NH2
Br Br

Br
‘D’
OR
(a) CH3N Æ = C, CH3NHCH3 (b) C2H5NH2, C2H5NHCOCH3
(c) CH3CH2CH2NH2, CH4CH2CH2OH
9. (a) Write the formula of the coordination compound Tetraamine aqua chlorido cobalt (III) chloride. (3)
(b) Give two examples of ambidentate ligands.
(c) Predict the geometry of [Ni(CN)4]2–
Ans. (a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2
(b) CN , NO2 , SCN are examples of ambidentate ligands. (Any two)
(c) It has dsp2 hybridisation and square planar geometry.
OR
(a) Write IUPAC name of (i) [Co(NH3)6]3+ (ii) [NiCl4]2–
(b) What is hybridisation and shape of [Ni(CO)4]. [Atomic number of Ni = 28]. Is it diamagnetic or paramagnetic.
Ans. (a) (i) Hexaammine cobalt (III) (ii) Tetrachloridonickelate (II)
(b) Ni(28) [Ar] 4s2 3d8
Ni(0) [Ar] 4s0 3d10
[Ni(Co)4 ] ≠Ø ≠Ø ≠Ø ≠Ø ≠Ø    
3
sp
It has sp3 hybridisation, tetrahedral shape and diamagnetic.

14 ■ CHEMIsTRY-XII
 10. Following ions are given. (3)
Cr2+, Cu2+, Cu+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn3+
Identify the ion which is
(a) strong reducing agent (b) unstable in aqueous solution.
(c) a strong oxidising agent.
Ans. (a) Cr2+ is strong reducing agent because it can lose one electron to form Cr3+ (t 3) which is half filled and more
2g
stable.
(b) Cu+ is unstable in aqueous solution and disproportionate to Cu2+ and Cu because hydration enthalpy of Cu2+
ions overcome second ionisation enthalpy.
(c) Mn3+ can gain electron to form Mn2+ (3d5) which is more stable, that is why Mn3+ is strong oxidising agent.
11. Give suitable reason in each. (3)
(a) Why are Zn, Cd, Hg non-transition elements?
(b) Which transition metal of 3d series does not show variable oxidation state?
(c) Why are melting points of transition metals high?
Ans. (a) It is because neither they nor their ions have incompletely filled d-orbitals.
(b) Sc and Zn (Any one)
(c) It is due to strong metallic bonds as they have unpaired electrons, therefore strong interatomic attraction.
OR
2+ 2+
(a) Why is Cu ion blue coloured while Zn ion colourless in aqueous solution?
(b) Why is separation of mixture of lanthanoid elements difficult?
(c) Why are Zn, Cd, Hg soft metals and have low melting points?
Ans. (a) Cu2+ has one unpaired electrons, undergoes d-d-transition by absorbing light from visible region and radiates
blue colour where as Zn2+ does not have unpaired electron.
(b) It is due to similar ionic size due to lanthanide contraction. Their resemble in properties making separation
difficult.
(c) It is due to weak metallic bonds due to large size and absence of unpaired electrons.

SECTION-C
12. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (5)
The rate of reaction which may also be called the velocity or speed can be defined with the relation to the
concentration of any of the reacting substances or to that of any product of reaction. If the species chosen is a reactant
dc
which has a concentration ‘c’ at time ‘t’, the rate will be  dt , while the rate with reference to the product having
a concentration ‘x’ at time ‘t’ is dx 1
. Any concentration units may be used for expressing the rate, thus if mol L
d t
is used for concentration and sec o nds for the time, the units for rate are mol L–1 s–1. For reactions, pressure units
are sometimes used in place of concentration, so that legitimate units for rate would be (mmHg) s –1 and atm s–1.
The order of a reaction concerns the dependence of the rate upon the concentrations of reacting substances; thus,
if the rate is found experimentally to be proportional to the αth power of the concentration of one of the reactant
‘A’, to the βth power of the concentration of a second reactant ‘B’, so rate = k [A]α [B]β, the order of reaction is
‘α’ w.r.t. ‘A’ and ‘β’ w.r.t ‘B’ and overall order is α + B.
(Source: Laidler KJ & Glasstone S (1948), Rate, order and molecularity in chemical kinetics, Journal of chemical
education, 25(7). 383)
(a) Give an example of reaction with fractional order. (1)
(b) What is half life of zero order reaction? (1)
(c) What is unit of ‘k’ for first order reaction if time is measured in seconds? (1)

PRACTICE PAPER – 2 ■ 15
 (d) The decomposition of NH3 on platinum surface is zero order reaction. What are rates of production of N2 and
H2 if k = 2.5 × 10–4 mol L–1 s–1? (2)
OR
For the reaction 2A + B A2B, the rate = k [A] [B]2 with k = 2.0 × 10–6 mol–2 L2 s–1. Calculate the rate
of reaction when [A] = 0.1M and [B] = 0.2 mol L–1.
Ans. (a) H2 + Br2 2HBr, rate = k [H2]1 [Br2]1/2
(or)
Δ
CH3CHO CH4 + CO, rate = k [CH3CHO]3/2
[R]0
(b) t1/ 2 
2k
(c) s–1
(d) rate = k = [NH3]0, 2NH3(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g)
d[NH3 ] d[N2 ] 1 d[H2 ]
   k  2.5 104 mol L1 s1
dt dt 3 dt
rate of production of N2 = 2.5 × 10–4 mol L–1 s–1
rate of production of H2 = 2.5 × 3 × 10–4 mol L–1 s–1
= 7.5 × 10–4 mol L–1 s–1
OR
Rate = k [A] [B]2
= 2.0 × 10–6 [0.1] [0.2]2
= 8 × 10–9 mol L–1 s–1

16 ■ CHEMIsTRY-XII
 PRACTICE PAPER–3
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. Complete the following, [Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’] [Attempt any 2] (2)
CH3
O
(a) + CrO 2 Cl CS2
 'X ' 
H3

2 'Y '

O O
||

—
(b) OH
H 
(c) CH —C—CH HCN H2O/H+
X Y

 'X ' 

'Y ' 3 3

CH(OCrOHCl2)2 CHO
CH3

HO
Ans. (a) + CrO2Cl2 C
S2
 
3

‘X’ ‘Y’

O OH 
 +

(b) 2 

OH H




‘X’ ‘Y’
O OH OH
—

H2 O/H+
(c) CH3—C—CH3 HCN
CH3—C—CH3 CH3—C—CH3
—

CN COOH
2. The following results have been obtained during the kinetic studies of the reaction P + 2Q → R + 2S (2)
Expt. Initial conc. of P Initial conc. of Q Initial rate of formation of R
1 0.10 mol / L 0.10 mol / L 3.0 × 10–4 mol L–1 min–1
2 0.30 mol / L 0.30 mol / L 9.0 × 10–4 mol L–1 min–1
3 0.10 mol / L 0.30 mol / L 3.0 × 10–4 mol L–1 min–1
4 0.20 mol / L 0.40 mol / L 6.0 × 10–4 mol L–1 min–1
Determine the rate law expression for the reaction.
Ans. rate = k [A]x [B]y
3.0 × 10–4 = k [0.1]x [0.10]y ...(i)
3.0 × 10–4 = k [0.1]x [0.30]y ...(ii)
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get
y
1
1 =  
3 
0 y
1 1
 3  =  3 
   
fi y= 0
–4
9.0 × 10 = k [0.30]x [0.30]y ...(iii)

17
 3.0 × 10–4 = k [0.1]x [0.30]y ...(iv)
Dividing (iii) by (iv), we get
(3)1 = (3)x
fi x= 1
rate = k [A]1 [B]0
3. Define molar conductivity. On dilution, why does the molar conductivity of HCOOH increase drastically, while
that of HCOONa increase gradually? (2)
Ans. Molar conductivity is defined as conducting power of all the ions produced by one molar solution of an electrolyte.
HCOOH is weak electrolyte, on dilution, number of ions as well as mobility of ions increases, hence Ʌm increases
drastically HCOONa is strong electrolyte, on dilution number of ions do not increase appreciably only mobility
of ions increases hence Ʌm increases gradually.

SECTION-B
4. Write the hybridisation and magnetic behaviour of the following complexes. (3)
(a) [CoF6]3– (b) [Ni(CN)4]2– (c) [Co(NH3)6]3+
[Atomic number of Co = 27, Ni = 28]
Ans. (a) sp3d2, paramagnetic (b) dsp2, diamagnetic (c) d2sp3, diamagnetic
OR
(a) Write IUPAC name of [Mn(H2O)6] SO4.
(b) Why is [Fe(CN)6]4– diamagnetic while [FeF6]3– is paramagnetic?
(c) Why is[Co(en)3]3+ is more stable than [Co(NH3)6]3+?
Ans. (a) Hexaaqua manganese (II) sulphate
(b) [Fe(CN)6]4– does not have unpaired electrons as CN– is strong ligand whereas [FeF6]3– has unpaired electron.
F– is weak ligand, hence paramagnetic.
(c) It is because ‘en’ is didentate ligand forming chelate NH3 is unidentate ligand. Chelates are more stable.
5. How is the rate of reaction affected when (3)
(a) surface area of the reactant is increased (b) temperature of reaction is decreased, and
(c) catalyst is added to reversible reaction?
Ans. (a) Greater the surface area, more will be rate of reaction.
(b) The rate of reaction will decrease.
(c) Catalyst increases the rate of forward as well as backward reaction equally but equilibrium is reached faster
in presence of catalyst.
6. (a) Calculate the spin only moment of Co 2+ (Z = 27) by writing the electronic configuration of
Co and Co2+. (3)
(b) Give reason and select one atom / ion which will exhibit asked property.
(i) Sc3+ or Cr3+ (Exhibit diamagnetic behaviour)
(ii) Cr or Cu (High melting and boiling points)
Ans. (a) Co(27) [Ar]4s23d7
Co2+(27) [Ar]4s03d7
µB = n n  2 = 33  2 = 15 = 3.87BM
(b) (i) Sc3+ is diamagnetic due to absence of unpaired electron.
(ii) Cr has high melting point. Due to presence of unpaired electrons it forms strong metallic bonds.
7. The electrical resistance of a column of 0.05M KOH solution of length 50 cm and area of cross-section 0.625 cm2
is 5 × 103 ohm. Calculate its resistivity, conductivity and molar conductivity. (3)
l 50 cm
Ans. l = 50 cm A = 0.625 cm2 
A 0.625
 A 0.625
r= R = 5103  = 62.5 ohm cm
l 50
l 1
k= = = 1.6 × 10–2 S cm–1
r 62.5

1000K 10001.6 102

Ʌm = = = 320 S cm2 mol–1
M 0.05
8. Give reasons for the following observations. (3)
(a) Physisorption decrease with increase in temperature
(b) Addition of alum purifies water.
(c) Brownian movement provides stability to the colloidal solution.
Ans. (a) It is because physisorption involves weak van der waal's forces of attraction.
(b) Alum coagulates mud particles settling them down faster.
(c) It causes stirring effect because colloidal particles do not settle down and hence leads to stability.
9. Illustrate giving chemical equations for the following. (3)
(a) Carbylamine reaction (b) Hoffmann bromide reaction
(c) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
OR
Complete the following:
Sn/HCl C6H5COCl
(a) C6H5NO2 X Pyridine Y
HNO2
(b) C2H5 C  N LiAlH4
X Y

(c) Fe/HCl HCl

C2H5NO2 X Y

Ans. (a) C2H5NH2 + CHCl3+ 3KOH → C2H5N Æ = C + 3KCl + 3H2O

O
||
(b) CH3  C  NH2  Br2  4KOH  CH3 NH2 + 2KBr + K2CO3 + 2H2O
CO CO
(c) NH K
OH
 NK+ + C H Cl → CO
N–C H   C
NaOH
H NH + COOH
2 5 2 5  2 5 2
CO CO CO COOH

OR
(a) C6H5NH2 , C6H5NHCOC6H5 (b) C2H5CH2NH2, C2H5CH2OH
(c) C6H5NH2 , C6H5 – N+H3Cl–
10. How will you carry out following conversions? (3)
(a) Methanamine to ethanamine (b) Propanoic acid to ethanoic acid
(c) Benzoic acid to aniline
Ans. (a) CH 3 NH 2 H CH 3OH P
NO2 Cl5
 CH 3Cl K
CN
 CH 3C  N L CH 3CH 2 NH 2
iAlH 4

(b) CH 3CH 2 COOH N

H3
CH 3CH 2 CONH 2 
Br2

CH 3CH 2 NH 2 H CH 3CH 2 OH K
NO2
CH 3COOH
MnO 4

KOH H2SO4

COOH CONH2 NH2

(c) + NH3 

 + Br2 + 4KOH →

PRACTICE PAPER–3 ■ 19
 OR
Give reason.
(a) pKb of aniline is more than that of methyl aniline.
(b) Methyl aniline in water reacts with ferric chloride to give reddish brown precipitate.
(c) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis cannot be used to prepare aniline.
Ans. (a) Become C6H5 is electron withdrawing, —CH3 is electron releasing
(b) CH3NH2 + H2O æÆ CH3 N+H3+ OH–, FeCl3 + 3OH– æÆ Fe(OH)3 + 3Cl– reddish brown ppt:
(c) It is because haloareres do not undergo nucleophelic substitution readily.
11. (a) Out of Ti3+, V3+, Cu+, Sc3+, Mn2+, Fe3+ And Cu2+, which ions are coloured in aqueous solution? (3)
[Ti = 22, V = 23, Cr = 24, Fe = 26, Mn = 25, Cu = 29]
(b) Out of Ti2+, V2+, Cr3+, Mn2+ which ion has maximum number of unpaired electrons?
(c) Out of Fe2+ or Mn2+ which is more stable and why?
Ans. (a) Ti3+, V3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+ are coloured due to presence of unpaired electrons.
(b) Mn2+ has 5 unpaired electrons.
(c) Mn2+(3d5) is more stable than Fe2+(3d6) due to half filled d-orbitals.
OR
(a) On what ground can you say Sc (21) is transition metal whereas is Zn(30) is not?
(b) Why do translation metals show variable oxidation states?
(c) Name one transition which forms irons in +4 oxidation state. Give reason.
Ans. (a) Sc, [Ar]4s23d1 has incompletely filled d-orbital and therefore it is transition metal. Zn [Ar] 4s23d10 and
Zn2+ (3d10) do not have incomplete d-orbitals, hence, it is not transition metal.
(b) It is because electrons from both (n – 1) d and ns take part in bond formation.
(c) Ce4+ because it has stable electronic configuration of xenon.

SECTION-C
12. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. (5)
Reductive alkylation is term applied to the process of introducing alkyl groups into ammonia or a primary or
secondary amine by means of aldehyde and ketone in presence of reducing agent. The present discussion is limited
to those reductive alkylations in which the reducing agent is hydrogen and a catalyst or “nascent” hydrogen usually
from a metal acid combination; most of these reductive alkylations have been carried out with hydrogen and
catalyst. The principal variation excluded is that in which the reducing agent in formic acid or its derivatives; this
modification is known as Leuckart reaction. The process of reductive alkylation of ammonia consist in the addition
of NH3 to a carbonyl compound and reduction of addition compound or its dehydration product. The reduction is
usually carried out in ethanol solution when the reduction is to be affected catalytically.
Since primary amine is formed in presence of aldehyde, it may react in same manner as ammonia, yielding an
addition compound a schiff's base (R – CH = N – CH2 – R) and finally, secondary amine. Similarly primary amine
may react with the imine, forming an addition product which also is reduced to a secondary amine. Finally, the
secondary amine may react with either the aldehyde or the imine to give products which are reduced to tertiary
amines. Similar reactions may occur when the carbonyl compound employed is a ketone.
(Source: Emerson, W. S. (2011). The Preparation of Amines by Reductive Alkylation. Organic Reactions, 174–255.
doi:10.1002/0471264181.or 004.03)
(a) Complete the following reaction. (1)
CH 3CHO + NH 3 
 'A' 2 
[H]
 'B'
(b) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’ in the following reaction. (1)

CH 3CH = NH + CH3CH 2 NH 2 : 'X' 2 

[H]
 'Y'

20 ■ CHEMIsTRY-XII
 (c) Convert (CH3CH2)2NH to (C2H5)3N using CH3CHO (1)
(d) Convert acetone to 2-propanamine (2)
OR
Convert Actophenone to C6H5  CH  NH2
|
CH3

Ans. (a) CH3CHO + NH3  CH3  CH = NH   CH3CH 2 NH 2

2[H]

'A' 'B'

(b) CH 3  CH = NH + CH 3CH 2 NH 2 : CH 3  CH  NHCH 2 CH 3 2 

[H]
 CH 3CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 3
|
NH2
O
|| 
(c)  CH 3CH 2 2 NH  CH 3  C  H :  CH 3CH 2  N C H  CH 3 2 
[H]
  CH 3CH 2 3 N  H2O
2
|
OH
O
||
(d) CH3  C  CH3  NH3 
 CH 3  C  NH  
2[H]
or H / Ni
 CH 3  CH  NH 2
2

Acetone | |
CH3 CH3
2-Propanamine
OR
H2 /Ni
C6H5 C O NH3 C6H5 C = NH C6H5 CH NH2
| | |

Acetophenone 1-Phenyl ethanamine

PRACTICE PAPER–3 ■ 21
 PRACTICE PAPER – 4
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. What happens when (Any two) (2)
(a) acetophenone is treated with methyl magnesium bromide and hydrolysed?
(b) cyclopropanone is treated with hydroxyl amine?
(c) Benzaldehyde reacts with semicarbazide
2. Analyse the graph, drawn between concentration of reactant vs time. (2)
1.6

1.4
Concentration of reactant

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

10 20 30
Time
(a) Predict the order of reaction. Give reason.
(b) Theoretically, can the concentration of reactant reduce to zero after infinite time?
3. What happens when (2)
(a) benzaldehyde and formaldehyde are heated with conc. NaOH?
(b) cyclohexanone reacts with HCN followed by hydrolysis with H3O+.

SECTION-B
4. Give reasons. (3)
(a) Oxidation of propanal is easier than oxidation of propanone.
(b) Formic acid does not undergo HVZ reaction.
(c) Write formula of hemiacetal of ethanal with CH3OH.
5. Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K. (3)
Al(s)/Al3+(0.10M) || Cu2+ (0.001M) ICu(s)
Given E o 3+  1.66V , Eo 2+  0.34V, log 10 = 1
Al /Al Cu /Cu
6. The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of N2O5(g) at constant volume
2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O(g) (3)
S.No. Time/s Total Pressure
1. 0 0.500
2. 100 0.512
Calculate the rate constant.
22
 7. Give reasons for the following observations from the graph shown. (3)

(a) Why does copper not liberate H2 from dilute acids?

(b) Why does copper reacts with only oxidising acids (nitric acid and hot conc. H2SO4)?
(c) The general trend towards less negative E° values across the series leads to less or more reactivity. Given
reason.
OR
(a) Why is Eu2+ good reducing agent?
(b) Why is Ce4+ good oxidising agent?
(c) Why is Cu+ diamagnetic whereas Cu2+ paramagnetic?
8. (a) Why do Fe, Co, Ni have almost same atomic radii? (3)
(b) Why is Fe2+ smaller than Mn2+?
(c) Out of Cr3+ and Fe3+ which is more stable and why?
9. (a) Write electronic configuration of K4[Mn(CN)6] in CFT if it has 2.2 BM magnetic moment. (3)
(b) Write IUPAC name of [Pt(NH3)2 Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl.
(c) Why is [Ti(H2O)6]3+ violet in colour?
OR
(a) Predict the number of unpaired electrons in [Pt(CN)4]2–. [Pt = 78]
(b) What will be correct order for the wavelengths of absorption in the visible region for the following:
[Ni(NO2)6]4–, [Ni(NH3)6]2+, [Ni(H2O)6]2+
(c) What is oxidation state of cobalt in K[Co(CO)4]?
10. Complete the following sequence of reaction. (3)
CH3

Br2 Sn/HCl NaNO2 + HCl H2O KMnO4

A B C D E
FeBr3 273–278K H3PO2 OH–

NO2
OR
Convert
(a) 3-methyl aniline to 3-nitrotoluene (b) Aniline to 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene
(c) Nitrobenzene to fluorobenzene
PRACTICE PAPER – 4 ■ 23
 11. (a) Although o and p-directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration
gives a 47% m-nitroaniline. (3)
(b) Aniline is less basic than cyclohexylamine, why?
(c) pKb of p-nitroaniline is higher than p-toluidine, why?
OR
Arrange the following as directed
(a) (CH3)3 N, C2H3 –OH, C2H5NH2 (increasing order of boiling point)
(b) (C2H5)3 N, C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2 NH (increasing order of basic strength in gas phase)
(c) (CH3)3 N, CH3NH2, (CH3) NH (decreasing order of solubility in water)

SECTION-C
12. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (5)
This paper deals with the antibacterial efficacy of nanosided silver colloidal solution on the cellulosic and synthetic
fabrics. Two kinds of bacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, were used. TEM (Transmission Electron
Microscopy) observation of silver nanoparticles showed their shape, and size distribution. The particles were
very small (2–5 nm) and had narrow distribution. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images of treated fabrics
indicated silver nanoparticles were dispersed on the surfaces of specimens. WAXS patterns did not show any peak
of silver as the fabric had very small quantity of silver particles. However, ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry) informed the residual concentration of silver particles on fabrics before/after laundering. The
antibacterial treatment of the textile fabrics was easily achieved by padding them with nanosized silver colloidal
solution. The antibacterial efficacy of the fabrics was maintained after many times laundering.
(Source: Hoon Joo Lee, Sang Young Yeo, Sung Hoon Jeong Journal of Material Science 38(10) 2199-2204, 2003)
(a) How is silver colloidal solution prepared? (1)
(b) What is possible change on silver colloidal solution and why? (1)
(c) Silver sol belongs to which type of colloidal solution? (1)
(d) (i) Why is silver sol more effective antibacterial for fabrics? (2)
(ii) How is silver sol coagulated?
OR
(i) What is particle size in silver sol?
(ii) What is cause of Brownian movement in silver sol?

24 ■ CHEMIsTRY-XII
 PRACTICE PAPER – 5
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. Complete the following reactions. (Any two) (2)

(a) CH 3C  N S   
nCl2 + conc. HCl
 X 
H3 O

Y
O
||
(b) CH 3  (CH 2 )9  C  OC2 H 5 1   X
.DIBAL-H
2.H O 2

O
—

NaBH4 H2/Ni
(c) CH3—CH = CH—C—H X, ‘Y’

2. The reaction 2H2O2  I
Alkaline medium
2H 2O + O 2 (2)
d[H2O2 ]
The rate equation is rate =   k[H O ][I ]
2 2
dt
Write the mechanism of the reaction.
3. How will you carry out the following conversation? (2)
(a) Acetaldehyde to But-2-enoic acid

(b) to cyclohexanonoxime

SECTION-B
4. Derive integrated rate law for first order reaction. (3)
OR
Prove that t1/2 of first order reaction is independent of initial concentration and t99% = 2t90%
5. Complete the following reactions.
NH2
453K
(a) (C2H5)3N + HCl (b) + Conc H2SO4
O
||
(c) (C2 H 5 ) 2 NH + CH 3  C  Cl P 
yridine
(3)
OR
Give reason.
(a) Aniline becomes coloured on long standing.
(b) Diazonium salts can be prepared only at 273-278K
(c) Aniline is o and p-directing towards electrophilic substitution reactions.
6. (a) Write IUPAC name of [Co(NH3)4 Cl(NO2)]Cl2. (3)
(b) What is oxidation state of Pt in [PtCl4]2– ?
(c) What is hybridisation and shape of [Pt(NH3)2 Cl2]?
[Atomic number of Pt = 78]
7. (a) Mention the two conditions which must be satisfied to show Tyndall effect. (3)
(b) What is colour of colloidal solution of milk and water in reflected light and transmitted light?

25
 (c) How does viscosity of solution affect the Brownian movement?
8. (a) Write electronic configuration of Pm3+. (Atomic number of Pm = 61). (3)
(b) What is meant by lanthanoid contraction?
(c) Why is V2O5 used as catalyst?
OR
1
(a) Why is d configuration unstable in ions?
(b) Why is E ∘ 3+ 2+ = 1.5 V?
Mn /Mn

∘
(c) E Cr3+ /Cr 2+ = –0.40 V. Predict which is more stable Cr2+ or Cr3+ and why?

9. Give reason. (3)

(a) MnO is basic, whereas Mn2O7 is acidic.
(b) Transition elements show highest oxidation state in oxides than fluorides.
(c) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions.
10. (a) Why are amines less acidic than alcohols of comparable molar mass? (3)
(b) Why do primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines?
(c) Why are aliphatic amines stronger bases than aromatic amines?
11. (a) Why is chloroacetic acid stronger than acetic acid? (3)
(b) –COOH group is m-directing towards electrophilic substitution reactions. Give reason.
(c) Ketones cannot be oxidised easily as compared to aldehydes. Why?
OR
Complete the following reactions.
CHO (i) B2H6
NaCN+ HCl (ii) H2O2/OH–
(a) (b) CH2 (iii) CrO3
COOH
O
(i) O3
(c) ‘X’ 2
(ii) Zn/H2O

SECTION-C
12. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (5)
In this study, one of the most important physical parameters of the water, electrical conductivity is investigated with
the help of conductivity meter. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of the concentration and temperature
of the electrolyte solution on conductivities. Electrical conductivities of tap water, underground water, sewage,
Ratuwa river and Dipeni Khola are computed and its variation with temperature also have been investigated from
40° to 70°C. Similarly, electrical conductivity of different water sources are compared with that of typical NaCl
electrolyte solution by varying its concentration from 2.5% to 20%. Result shows that electrical conductivity of
the different sources of water increases with increase in temperature and concentration of electrolyte solution.
(Source: A.K.Sreshtha, N.Busnet, C.K.Bohora, P. Khadka, Central Department of Physics, Kirtipur, Nepal)
(a) Why does conductivity of water increase with increase in concentration of electrolyte? (1)
(b) Why does conductivity increase with increase in temperature? (1)
(c) How does molar conductivity of weak electrolyte vary with concentration and temperature? Give reason. (1)
(d) Ʌ° + = 50.1 S cm2 mol–1 °SO2 = 16.0 Calculate °Na SO and degree of dissociation, if Ʌ m of 0.01M Na SO is
2 4
Na 4 2 4
2 –1
100 S cm mol . (2)
OR
Derive the relationship between Ka, Ʌ° and Ʌm

26 ■ CHEMIsTRY-XII
 PRACTICE PAPER–6
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. Complete the following reaction: (Any two) 2
COOH
heat
(a) + NH3 +X Y

(b) CH3 – CH2 – COOH

(ii()H
2 
O  X  
i ) P red
OH □
KOH (aq)
4
Y
 ‘X’  ‘Y’
(c) CH CH CHO 
H

3 2 

2. What is meant by pseudo first order reaction? Illustrate with the help of example and give rate law. 2
3. Distinguish between the following pairs of compounds with suitable chemical test. 2
(a) Benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate (b) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

SECTION-B
4. An organic compound with molecular formula C9H10O form 2, 4 - DNP derivative, reduces Tollen's reagent and
undergoes Cannizaro's reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives Benzene 1,2 - dicarboxylic acid. Identify the
compound and write all the reactions involved. 3
OR
Give reason. (1×3=3)
(a) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2, 2, 6 - trimethyl cyclohexanone does not.
(b) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazone.
(c) During the preparation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohol in presence of H+ as catalyst, the water or
ester should be removed as soon as it is formed.
5. (a) Write IUPAC name of C2H5 – N – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
|
C 2 H5

(b) Why are amines basic in nature (c) Convert nitriobenzene to aniline.
OR
Complete the following.
NH3 C2H5Cl CH3Cl
(a) C2H5Cl X Y Z
LiAlH4 HNO2
(b) C6 H5CH2 Cl KCN X Y Z
6. How will you carry out following convertions. (1×3=3)
(a) Benzene to aniline (b) Benzene to N, N-dimethyl aniline
(c) Cl – (CH2)4 – Cl into hexane 1, 6-diamine
7. A first order reaction is 30% complete in 40 min. Calculate its half life.
[log 3 = 0.4771, log 7 = 0.8451, log 10 = 1] 3
8. The cell in which the following reaction takes place: 3
2 Fe3+ (aq) + 2I– (aq) 2Fe2+(aq) + I2 (s) has E°= 0.236V at 298 K. Calculate ∆G°and log K C of the cell reaction.

27
 9. (a) Write IUPAC name of [Cr (C2 O4 )3 ]3– 3
(b) What is difference between double salt and complex compound? Illustrate with the help of example.
OR
(a) Write formula of Potassium tetrachlorido palladate (II).
(b) [Fe (CN) 6]4 – and [Fe (H2 O)6 ]2 + are of different colours in aqueous solution. Why?
(c) What is meant by chelate effect?
10. (a) Why is ionisation enthalpy of 5d series higher than 3d and 4d series? 3
(b) Name a lanthanoid which shows +2 oxidation state.
(c) Why is T64+ good oxidizing agent?
11. (a) Why do transition metals form complex compounds? 3
(b) Which element in 5d series has highest melting point and why?
(c) Why is Hg liquid whereas Cr high melting solid?
OR
(a) Why do transition metals form alloys?
(b) Why does Cu have higher density than iron?
(c) Why is Ag considered as transition element, whereas Zn as non transition element?

SECTION-C
12. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 5
Adsorption is the phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of a substance on the surface of a solid
resulting into a higher concentration on the surface than in the bulk, while in absorption the substance is uniformly
distributed throughout the bulk of the solid. Heat is released during adsorption. Depending upon the type of
adsorption: Physisorption and chemisorption. The relationship between extent of adsorption and pressure of the
gas at constant temperature is known as Freundlich adsorption isotherm. (Source: NCERT)
(a) Why is adsorption exothermic? (1)
(b) Why is absorption bulk phenomenon whereas adsorption surface phenomenon? (1)
(c) What happens when aqueous solution of raw sugar is passed through charcoal and why? (1)
(d) Why is physical adsorption non-specific, and forms multimolecular layer? (1)
(e) Why is chemical adsorption highly specific? (1)
OR
1
x 1
at high pressure?
 k p , What is value of n
n

28 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
 PRACTICE PAPER–7
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. (a) Why do ketones not give Tollen's reagent test? (Any two)
(b) Benzaldehyde does not undergo aldol condensation. Why? 2
(c) Benzophenone does not react with NaHSO3.
2. What is inert electrolyte used in salt bridge of electrochemical cell? Why is KNO3 used as inert electrolyte? 2
3. Differentiate between average rate and instantaneous rate of reaction. What are units of rate of reaction? 2

SECTION-B
4. An organic compound contains 69.77% C, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen in the molar mass 86 g/mol. It does
not reduce Tollen's reagent but forms addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and give positive iodoform
test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of compound and all
the reactions involved. 3
OR
5. The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a constant volume. 3
SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g)
Expt Time/s–1 Total pressure/atm,
1 0 0.5
2 100 0.6
Calculate the rate of reaction when total pressure is 0.65 atm. 3
6. Write the Nernst equation and calculate molar concentration of Fe2+ if Ecell = 0.53V,
Eo 2+ = –0.44 V, Fe(s) | Fe (x) || H (1 M) | H2 (g) (1 bar) | Pt(s)
2+ +
Fe /Fe

[Antilog of –1 = 10–1, –2 = 10–2, –3 = 10–3]

OR
Write the Nernst equation and calculate e.m.f of the cell
Sn(s)|Sn2+ (0.05M) || H+ (0.020M)|H2(g) (1 bar)/Pt(s)
E o 2+ = – 0.14 V, log 5 = 0.6990, log 4 = 0.6021, log 2 = 0.3010
Sn /Sn

7. Write IUPAC name, stereochemistry and magnetic behaviour of following complexes. 3

(a) K [Cr (C2O4)2 (H2O)2] . 3H2O (b) [CrCl3 (Py)3] [Cr = 24]
OR
(a) Why is [Cr (NH3) 6]3+ paramagnetic whereas [Co (NH )3 6]3+ diamagnetic?
(b) Ni (CO)4is tetrahedral whereas [Ni (CN) 4]2– is square planar. Why?
(c) [Ti (H2O)6 ]4+ is colourless and [Ti (H2O)6 ]3+ is violet. Why?
8. Explain what is observed, When? 3
(a) a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution?
(b) an electrolyte, NaCl is added to hydrated ferric oxide colloidal solution?
(c) electric current is passed through a colloidal sol?
OR
(a) What is an adsorption isotherm? (b) What is meant by activation of adsorbent?
(c) Why does entropy decrease during adsorption and still it is spontaneous?
29
 9. (a) Name an element of 4d series which shows +1 oxidation state.
(b) CrO is basic whereas CrO3 is acidic. Why?
(c) Sc3+ is colourless whereas Fe3+ is coloured. Why?
OR
(a) Calculate μB of Cu2+ ion. (b) Why is Hg diamagnetic?
rd
(c) Why is 3 ionisation enthalpy of Mn very high?
10. (a) Write electronic configuration of Eu2+ (63). (b) What is oxidation state of 'Cr' in Cr 2O 72– ?
(c) What is meant by disproportionation reaction? 3
11. Arrange the following:
(a) In decreasing order of pKb value
C2H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, (C2H5)2 NH and C6H5NH2
(b) In increasing order by basic strength in aqueous solution.
C2H5NH2, (C2H5)3N, (C2H5)2N
(c) In increasing order of basic strength in gaseous phase.
CH3NH2, (CH3)3N, (CH3)2NH 3

SECTION-C
12. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 5
Synthesis of amines have received more attention than the preparation of other functional groups in organic
chemistry. Due to interesting physiological activities, secondary amines in particular are extremely important
pharmacores in numerous biologically active compounds in drug discovery. Two biologically active compounds,
namely adrenaline and ephedrine, both containing secondary amino group, are used to increase blood pressure.
Benadryl, a well known antiallergic drug also contains tertiary amino group. Quarternary ammonium salts of long
chain tertiary amines are used as surfactants (cationic detergents).
(Source: Ralph N. Salvatose, Cheol Hwan Yoon, Kyung Woon Junp Department of Chemistry, University of Florido,
15th May 2001.)
CH3Cl CH3Cl
(a) Complete the following: CH3CH2NH2 X Y (1)
(b) Convert ethyl amine to 1-propanamine. (1)
(c) Why is diethyl amine more basic than ethyl amine? (1)
(d) Convert ethyl amine to ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. (2)
OR
Complete the following:
NO2
Sn/HCl
X C    
H CH CH CH 2 Br
3 2 2
 Y
K 2 CO3 , DMSO

30 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
 PRACTICE PAPER–8
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. Complete the following reactions: (Any two) 2
O 

[Ag (NH ) ] 
32 
     Y
H 2 NCONHNH 2
(a) X (b) C H CHO
6 5

CHO
O
—

(c) CH3 —C—CH3 + 3I 2 + 4NaOH æÆ A + B

2. (a) Although phenoxide ion has more resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acids is stronger than
phenol, why?
(b) Why is HCOOH stronger than CH3COOH? 2
14
3. The half life of radioactive decay of 6 C is 5730 years. An archaeological artifact containing wood had only 80%
of the 146 C found in living tree. Estimate the age of the sample.
[log 100 = 2, log 80 = 1.9030, log 20 = 1.3010] 2

SECTION-B
4. Complete the following: 3
NH2
- +
(CH CO) O Br
   Z
OH or H
(a) 32   2 
Y
Pyridine
X
CH3 COOH

NO2 
(b) Sn/HCl Br2 (aq) NaNO2 + HCl
X Y Z
  
∘ 
05 C
OR
Convert: (a) Aniline to p-nitro aniline 3
(b) Nitro benzene to N-phenyl benzamide
(c) Benzoic acid to N-methyl aniline
5. A compound 'A' (C3H4) on reaction with H2SO4 in presence of HgSO4 gives 'B' (C3H6O) which does not reduce
Tollen's regent but gives 2, 4 - DNP test and forms 'C' with I2 and NaOH. 'B' on reaction with CH3MgBr followed
by hydrolysis gives 'D'. Identify A, B, C and D and write the reactions involved. 3
6.(a) Write IUPAC name of [Pt (NH3)2 Cl2 ]. What is its hybridisation, shape and magnetic behaviour. [At No. of Pt
= 78]
(b) Calculate magnetic moment of [Fe(CN)6]3–. 3
OR
(a) Why is [Co (NH3)6 ] Cl3 yellow whereas [CoCl (NH3)5] Cl2 purple in colour? 3
(b) Why is [NiCl4]2– tetrahedral whereas [PtCl4]2– square planar? [Ni = 28, Pt = 78] ?
(c) What is hybridisation and shape of [Fe (CO)5] [At No. Fe = 26]
31
 7. (a) Why does Co show +3 oxidation state in CoF3 whereas mostly it shows +2 oxidation state? 3
(b) Why does VCl5 undergo hydrolysis to give VOCl3, whereas VF5 is stable?
(c) Which element in 3d series has highest 3rd ionisation enthalpy? Why?
OR
(a) Which is stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Mn2+ and why? 3
(b) Complete the following reaction:
(i) Cu2+ + I– (ii) Cu+ (aq)
8. (a) How would you account for the irregular variation of ionisation enthalpies in the first series of the transition
elements? 3
2+ 2+ 4+ 4+
(b) Why is Ni more stable than Pt whereas Pt is more stable than Ni ?
(c) Draw the structure of Mn2O7 .
9. (a) Write any one characteristics of chemisorption. 3
(b) Why are powdered substances more effective adsorbents than crystalline substances?
(c) Why does chemisorption first increase, then decrease with increase in temperature?
10. The rate constant for a first order reaction in 60 s–1 . How much time will it take to reduce its initial concentration1/16th
value. [log 16 = 1.2042] 3
OR

(a) Draw a graph between log

R o 
Vs time. What is its slope? 2+1 = 3
 R 
(b) If half life is directly proportional to initial concentration, what is order of reaction?
11. Complete the following (Identify A to E). 3


Fe/HCl Na/C2 H5 OH C6H5SO2Cl
 C
Conc HNO3
  A C
HCl
3

onc H SO 
2 4

 B KOH C 
 D  E
333K

SECTION-C
12. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 5
Daniel cell converts the chemical energy during redox reaction into electrical energy. The reaction taking place is
Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
It has electric potential of 1.10 V when concentration of Zn2+ and Cu2+ is unity (1 mol L–1). Such a device is called
galvanic or voltaic cell. It consists of two half cells, one contains 1 M ZnSO4 and Zn rod, other contains 1 M CuSO4
solution with copper rod. A U-shaped tube containing Agar-Agar and inert electrolyte like KCl or KNO3 is used
so as to have continuous flow of electrons and current. Cell keeps on working till there is potential difference.
(Source: NCERT)
(a) What will happen if salt bridge is removed and why? (1)
(b) What will happen if external opposite potential applied on galvanic cell is more than 1.10 V? (1)
(c) What is direction of flow of electrons and flow of current in Daniel cell? (1)
(d) Calculate emf of cell in which following reaction takes place: (2)
–2
Mg(s) + 2Ag (0.0001M) → Mg (2 × 10 M) + 2 Ag(s)
+ 2+

Eocell = 3.17 V, [log 2 = 0.3010, log 10 = 1, log 4 = 0.6021]

OR
If Ecell of Daniel cell is 1.10V, calculate value of ∆Go? Write correct units also.
o

32 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
 PRACTICE PAPER–9
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. Complete the following reactions: (Any two) 2
O +
CH
COOC H H O ∆ 3
Br
(a) 2 5 3
A B (b)  2

 'X'
FeBr3
COOH
AlCl3 Conc HNO3
(c) + C H COCl ‘X’ Conc H SO ‘Y’
6 5 2 4

2. Identify A, B, C, D 2
CH2 – CH3
+
Br2  H2O/H
KMnO4
 
KOH,  A  
  B 
C H OH
Conc H SO
2
 C
5

2 4
D
FeBr3
3. X, Y, Z have electrode potential 0.52V, –3.03V and –1.18V. Arrange them in decreasing order of reducing power.
Give reason. 2

SECTION-B
4. (a Distinguish between the following by suitable chemical tests. 3
(i) Anilinium chloride and p - Chloro aniline (ii) C2H5NH2 and (C2H5)3N
(b) Convert propanoic acid to ethanamine.
OR
Complete the following: 3
NaNO +HCl C
uCN H3 O+
(a) C2H5NH2 273K  A   B 
2

 C

CH – CH3 HNO2 PCl5
(b) CH3   A B KCN C
|
– NH2
5. (a) Out of Eu2+, Yb2+, Ce2+, Sm2+ which one is diamagnetic and why? 3
[At. No. Ce = 58, Sm = 62, Eu = 63, Yb = 70]
(b) What is dominant oxidation state among lanthanoids?
(c) Which lanthanoid has 4f 7 in +3 oxidation state?
6. (a) What is geometry of [PdCl 4]2–, [At. No. Pd = 46]? 3
(b) What is spin only moment of Hg [Co (SCN)4]? [Hg = 80]
(c) Write IUPAC name of [Fe(CO)5].
OR
(a) What is crystal field splitting energy? (b) Write electronic configuration of d6 ion if D 0< P.
3–
(c) Claculate magnetic moment (m ) of [FeF ] . [Fe = 26]
B 6
7. (a) Why are d-block elements less electropositive than s-block elements? 3
(b) How are oxidation states shown by transition metals different from p-block elements? Give examples.
OR
(a) Out of MnO, MnO2, Mn2O2 which one is amphoteric? Give reason. 3
(b) How many unpaired electrons are present in Fe2+ (26)?
(c) Out of Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ti2+, which one has smallest ionic size and why?
33
 8. (a) What is collodion? (b) Which protective colloid is used in ice cream?
(c) Which process is used for purification of blood in case of kidney failure? 3
9. A silver electrode is immersed in Ag NO3(aq). The potential difference between silver and hydrogen electrode is
found to be 0.71 V. Determine concentration of Ag+ ( EoAg+ /Ag = 0.80 V) (Antilog 3.0456 =1.111 × 103) 3
10. 'A' compound 'A' (C6H10) on ozonolysis followed by reduction gives 'B' which undergoes aldol condensation in
present of dil. KOH and subsequent heating with H+ gives cyclohexane carbaldehyde. Identify 'A' and 'B' and write
all the reactions involved. 3
11. Complete the following: 3
CH2CONH2 heat
  B
Br2/ NaOH
(a)      A
COOCH3
HCl3  KOH A Na/C2 H 5OH
(b) CH CH CH C        B
3 3
|
NH2
H
BF
(c) C6H5NH2  NaNO +HCl

2
  A   4B

273 K

OR
(a) Arrange the following in increasing order by basic characters. 3
Aniline, N-Methyl aniline, 3-methyl aniline, Benzyl amine
O
||
NH – C
Conc HNO3
(b)      'X'
Conc H2SO4
NaNO2  HCl KCN 'Y'
(c) p-Chloro aniline   O    X   
0-5 C CuCN

SECTION-C
12. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 5
The rubidium-strontium dating method is a radio metric technique used by scientists to determine age of rocks
and minerals from the quantities they contain of specific isotopes of rubidium 87 Rb , 87 Sr , 86 Sr . 87 Rb has half
37 38 38

life of 4.88 × 10 years. i.e. more than three times longer than current universe. Rb decays to form 84Sr, 86Sr,
10 87

87
Sr and 88Sr. The ratio of 87Sr / 86Sr is used in geological investigations. Ratios in minerals and rocks have values
0.7 to greater than 4. Because Sr has an electronic configuration similar to calcium, it readily substitutes for Ca in
minerals and bones.
O
87
Rb → 87 Sr + e
1
37 38
Sr-89 and Sr-90 decay into 89Y and 90Y respectively. Sr-90 has t 1/2 = 28.1 years, Sr-89 has half life of 50.57 days.
O
Sr → 89 Y + O e , 90 Sr → Y + e
89 90

38 39 1 38 39 1

[Source: WIKIPEDIA] Discovery by Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassman]

(a) Out of 89Sr and 90Sr, which is most stable and why? (1)
(b) What is order of radioactive disintegration? (1)
(c) What is use of Rb-Sr radiometric dating? (1)
(d) t1/2 of Rb is 4.88 × 1010 years. How long it will take 1 g of Rb to reduce to 0.125 g? (log 8 = 0.9031) (2)
OR
Sr-90 has half life 28.1 years. If 1μg of 90Sr was absorbed in bones of a newly born child instead of calcium,
how much it will remain after 60 years if not metamobilized? [Antilog 0.6427 = 4.392]

34 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
 PRACTICE PAPER–10
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. Convert: (Any two) 2
(a) Benzaldehyde to cinnamaldehyde. (b) Benzene to p-bromo benzoic acid.
(c) Acetaldehyde to prop-2 enoic acid
2. (a) What is role of Agar-Agar in salt bridge? 2
(b) Which is best oxidising agent on the basis of electrochemical series and why?
3. Give two differences between order and molecularity of a reaction. 2

SECTION-B
4. (a) Write IUPAC name of CH 2 = CH – CH – NH2 3
|
CH3
(b) Why is acetanilide less basic than aniline?
(c) What happens when aniline reacts with HCl? Write chemical reaction.
OR

(a) Identify 'X', 'Y' and 'Z': C H N
HNO2
  CHO K 
2 Cr2 O 7
 C H O 3
3 9 3 8 3 6 2
H2SO4
(X) (Y) (Z)
COOH
 C
NaOH
Br2
  A N
SOCl 2
(b) H3
B
Br
Identify 'A', 'B' and 'C'. 

5. The half life period of first order reaction is 30 minutes. Calculate the specific reaction rate of the reaction. What
fraction of reactant will remain after 70 minutes? [Antilog 0.7021 = 5.036] 3
6. (a) Write the hybridisation and shape of [MnF6]3–, (Mn = 25) 3
(b) Out of [CoF ]3–, [Co (NH ) ]3–, [Cr (NH ) ]3+ which one is outer orbital complex and which of them are
6 3 6 36
paramagnetic? Give reason.
OR
(a) Out of [Fe (CN) 6] , [Co(en)3] , [Fe (H2 O)6] , [Fe (H2 O)6 ]2+, which one is most stable and why?
3– 3+ 3+
3
3–
(b) Write hybridisation and magnetic behaviour or [Fe (CN) 6] , Fe = 26.
(c) Write electronic configuration according to CFT of [Fe (H2O)6]2+, Fe = 26.
7. (a) Why is Sc largest among 3d series? 3
(b) Name heaviest element i.e having highest density.
(c) What is oxidation state shown by Os in OsO4. Draw its structure.

35
 OR
(a) Why is CuSO45H2O blue but anhydrous CuSO4 white? 3
(b) What is magnetic moment of V3+ (23)?
(c) Name one man made element among transition metals of 4d series.
8. (a) Why is E o 2 negative (– 0.76 V)? 3
Zn /Zn

(b) Why is Eovalue for Mn3+/Mn2+ more positive than Cr3+/Cr2+ or Fe3+/Fe2+ ? Explain.
(c) For the first row of transition metals Eovalue are irregular.
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu
M2+/M – 1.18V – 0.91V – 1.18V – 0.44V – 0.28V – 0.25V + 0.34V
Explain the irregularity.
9. The molar ionic conductivity of NH4 and OH– at infinite dilution are 72 and 198 S cm2 mol–1 respectively. Λ mof
0.01 M NH OH is found to be 9 S cm2 mol–1. Calculate percentage dissociation of NH OH at same temperature
4 4

and Kb (base dissociation constant) 3

10. (a) How is physical adsorption of gas on solid related to critical temperature? 3
(b) Write Freundlish adsorption isotherm expression at low pressure.
(c) Why are deltas formed where river water meets sea water?
NH2
|
CH – CH3
11. (a) Write IUPAC name of 3

 Y  N  Z
SOCl 2
(b) Complete the following: CH3 CH2COOH    X N
H3
 aOBr

(c) Why do amines have lower boiling points than alcohols?

OR
How will you carry out following conversions? 3
(a) Nitromethane to ethanoic acid (b) Propan–1 amine to propan-2-amine
(c) Benzene to aniline.

SECTION-C
12. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 5
The deprotonation of aliphatic carboxylic acids with 2 equivalent of LDA (Lithium di isopropyl amide), used
as strong base and the subsequent addition of CBr4 afforded racemic α-bromo carboxylic acid. The synthesis of
α-bromo aliphatic carboxylic acids on 0.1 mol. scale, can be readily achieved by using aliphatic acid and NBS (1.5
equiv.), N–Bromo succinamide in CF3COOH/H2SO4 mixture. The racemic α-bromo carboxylic acids are formed in
excellent yield 82 to 89% with no evidence of α, α-dibromo adducts. All attempts at incorporating phenyl substituted
carboxylic acids resulted in aromatic bromination.

O O
(i) ) 2equiv. LDA
OH  OH
(ii ) CBr4
(iii) Aq. HCl
Br

36 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
 Br
OH

OH
N  
BS, H SO2 4

R CF3 COOH R
O O
o
85 C, 16 hours
(Source: S.P. Bew in comprehensive organic Functional group Transformation II, 2005.)
O
(a) What is IUPAC Name of (1)
OH
(b) What is formula of lithium di isopropyl amide? (1)
(c) What is meant by racemic mixture? (1)
(d) Convert propanoic acid to propenoic acid. (2)
OR
Convert pent–3–enoic acid to 2–hydroxy pent–3–enoic acid.

PRACTICE PAPER–10 ■ 37
 PRACTICE PAPER– 11
[CBSE Sample Question Paper 2021-22]
Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maximum Marks: 35

General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper-1

SECTION-A
1. Arrange the following in the increasing order of their property indicated (any 2): (1×2=2)
(a) Benzoic acid, Phenol, Picric acid, Salicylic acid (pKa values).
(b) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Methyl tert butyl ketone (reactivity towards NH2OH).
(c) ethanol, ethanoic acid, benzoic acid (boiling point)
2. Solutions of two electrolytes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are diluted. The Λm of ‘B’ increases 1.5 times while that of A increases
25 times. Which of the two is a strong electrolyte? Justify your answer. Graphically show the behavior of ‘A’
and ‘B’. 2
3. Give reasons to support the answer: (1×2=2)
(a) Presence of Alpha hydrogen in aldehydes and ketones is essential for aldol condensation.
(b) 3-Hydroxy pentan-2-one does not show positive Tollen’s test.

SECTION-B
4. Account for the following: (1×3=3)
(a) Aniline cannot be prepared by the ammonolysis of chlorobenzene under normal conditions.
(b) N-ethylethanamine boils at 329.3K and butanamine boils at 350.8K, although both are isomeric in nature.
(c) Acylation of aniline is carried out in the presence of pyridine.
OR
Convert the following:
(a) Phenol to N-phenylethanamide. (b) Chloroethane to methanamine.
(c) Propanenitrile to ethanal.
5. Answer the following questions: (1+2)
(a) [Ni(H2O)6 ]2+(aq) is green in colour whereas [Ni(H O) (en)] 2+(aq) is blue in colour. Give reason in support of
2 4
your answer .
(b) Write the formula and hybridization of the following compound:
tris(ethane-1,2–diamine) cobalt(III) sulphate
OR
In a coordination entity, the electronic configuration of the central metal ion is t23 g e1g
(a) Is the coordination compound a high spin or low spin complex?
(b) Draw the crystal field splitting diagram for the above complex.
6. Account for the following: (1×3=3)
(a) Ti(IV) is more stable than the Ti (II) or Ti(III).
(b) In case of transition elements, ions of the same charge in a given series show progressive decrease in radius
with increasing atomic number.
(c) Zinc is a comparatively a soft metal, iron and chromium are typically hard.
7. An alkene ‘A’ (Mol. formula C5H10) on ozonolysis gives a mixture of two compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. Compound ‘B’
gives positive Fehling’s test and also forms iodoform on treatment with I2 and NaOH. Compound ‘C’ does not

38
 give Fehling’s test but forms iodoform. Identify the compounds A, B and C. Write the reaction for ozonolysis and
formation of iodoform from B and C. (3)
8. Observe the figure given below and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Which process is represented in the figure? (b) What is the application of this process?
(c) Can the same process occur without applying electric field? Why is the electric field applied?
9. What happens when reactions: (1×3=3)
(a) N-ethylethanamine reacts with benzenesulphonyl chloride.
(b) Benzylchloride is treated with ammonia followed by the reaction with Chloromethane.
(c) Aniline reacts with chloroform in the presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide.
OR
(a) Write the IUPAC name for the following organic compound:
CH3—N—CH2CH3

(b) Complete the following:

r2 / H 2 O
C6 H 5 NO 2 S 
n / HCl
 A B   B N  
aNO 2 /HCl
 C H  D
BF4
273278K 

10. Represent the cell in which the following reaction takes place. The value of E˚ for the cell is 1.260 V. What is the
value of Ecell ? (3)
2Al(s) + 3Cd2+ (0.1M) → 3Cd (s) + 2Al3+ (0.01M)
11. (a) Why are fluorides of transition metals more stable in their higher oxidation state as compared to the lower
oxidation state?
(b) Which one of the following would feel attraction when placed in magnetic field:
Co2+ , Ag+ ,Ti4+ , Zn2+
(c) It has been observed that first ionization energy of 5d series of transition elements are higher than that of 3d
and 4d series, explain why? (1×3=3)
4
OR
W
On the basis of the figure given below, answer the
Re
following questions: Ta
(a) Why Manganese has lower melting point than 3
Mo Os
M.P/103K →

Chromium? Nh Ru Ir
(b) Why do transition metals of 3d series have lower Hf Te
melting points as compared to 4d series? Cr Rh Pt
Zr V
(c) In the third transition series, identify and name the 2
Ti Fe
metal with the highest melting point. Co Pd
Ni
Mn Cu
Au (source: NCERT)
1 Ag
Atomic number →

PRACTICE PAPER–11 ■ 39
 SECTION-C
12. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. 5
Are there nuclear reactions going on in our bodies?
There are nuclear reactions constantly occurring in our bodies, but there are very few of them compared to the
chemical reactions, and they do not affect our bodies much. All of the physical processes that take place to keep a
human body running are chemical processes. Nuclear reactions can lead to chemical damage, which the body may
notice and try to fix. The nuclear reaction occurring in our bodies is radioactive decay. This is the change of a less
stable nucleus to a more stable nucleus. Every atom has either a stable nucleus or an unstable nucleus, depending
on how big it is and on the ratio of protons to neutrons. The ratio of neutrons to protons in a stable nucleus is thus
around 1:1 for small nuclei (Z < 20). Nuclei with too many neutrons, too few neutrons, or that are simply too big
are unstable. They eventually transform to a stable form through radioactive decay. Wherever there are atoms with
unstable nuclei (radioactive atoms), there are nuclear reactions occurring naturally. The interesting thing is that
there are small amounts of radioactive atoms everywhere: in your chair, in the ground, in the food you eat, and
yes, in your body.
The most common natural radioactive isotopes in humans are carbon-14 and potassium-40. Chemically, these
isotopes behave exactly like stable carbon and potassium. For this reason, the body uses carbon-14 and potassium-40
just like it does normal carbon and potassium; building them into the different parts of the cells, without knowing
that they are radioactive. In time, carbon-14 atoms decay to stable nitrogen atoms and potassium-40 atoms decay
to stable calcium atoms. Chemicals in the body that relied on having a carbon-14 atom or potassium-40 atom in a
certain spot will suddenly have a nitrogen or calcium atom. Such a change damages the chemical. Normally, such
changes are so rare, that the body can repair the damage or filter away the damaged chemicals.
The natural occurrence of carbon-14 decay in the body is the core principle behind carbon dating. As long as a person
is alive and still eating, every carbon-14 atom that decays into a nitrogen atom is replaced on average with a new
carbon-14 atom. But once a person dies, he stops replacing the decaying carbon-14 atoms. Slowly the carbon-14
atoms decay to nitrogen without being replaced, so that there is less and less carbon-14 in a dead body. The rate at
which carbon-14 decays is constant and follows first order kinetics. It has a half - life of nearly 6000 years, so by
measuring the relative amount of carbon-14 in a bone, archeologists can calculate when the person died. All living
organisms consume carbon, so carbon dating can be used to date any living organism, and any object made from a
living organism. Bones, wood, leather, and even paper can be accurately dated, as long as they first existed within
the last 60,000 years. This is all because of the fact that nuclear reactions naturally occur in living organisms.
(Source: The textbook Chemistry: The Practical Science by Paul B. Kelter, Michael D. Mosher and Andrew Scott
states)
(a) Why is Carbon -14 radioactive while Carbon -12 not? (Atomic number of Carbon: 6) (1)
(b) Researchers have uncovered the youngest known dinosaur bone, dating around 65 million years ago. How was
the age of this fossil estimated? (1)
(c) Which are the two most common radioactive decays happening in human body? (1)
(d) Suppose an organism has 20 g of Carbon -14 at its time of death. Approximately how much Carbon -14 remains
after 10,320 years? (Given antilog 0.517 = 3.289) (2)
OR
Approximately how old is a fossil with 12 g of Carbon -14 if it initially possessed 32 g of Carbon -14?
(Given log 2.667 = 0.4260)

40 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
 MARKING SCHEME OF CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2021-22
SECTION-A
1. (a) Picric acid < salicylic acid < benzoic acid < phenol 1
(b) Methyl tert – butyl ketone < acetone < acetaldehyde 1
(c) ethanol <ethanoic acid < benzoic acid (boiling point of carboxylic acids is higher than alcohols due to extensive
hydrogen bonding , boiling point increases with increase in molar mass) 1
2. B is a strong electrolyte. The molar conductivity increases slowly with dilution as there is no increase in number
of ions on dilution as strong electrolytes are completely dissociated. ½+½

Λm

3. (a) The alpha hydrogen atoms are acidic in nature due to presence of electron withdrawing carbonyl group. These
can be easily removed by a base and the carbanion formed is resonance stabilized. 1
(b) Tollen’s reagent is a weak oxidizing agent not capable of breaking the C-C bond in ketones . Thus ketones
cannot be oxidized using Tollen’s reagent itself gets reduced to Ag. 1

SECTION-B
4. (a) In case of chlorobenzene, the C—Cl bond is quite difficult to break as it acquires a partial double bond character
due to conjugation. So, under the normal conditions, ammonolysis of chlorobenzene does not yield aniline. 1
(b) Primary and secondary amines are engaged in intermolecular association due to hydrogen bonding between
nitrogen of one and hydrogen of another molecule. Due to the presence of three hydrogen atoms, the
intermolecular association is more in primary amines than in secondary amines as there are two hydrogen
atoms available for hydrogen bond formation in it. 1
(c) During the acylation of aniline, stronger base pyridine is added. This done in order to remove the HCl so formed
during the reaction and to shift the equilibrium to the right hand side. 1
OR
(a) Phenol into N-phenylethanamide 1

Zinc dust  
OH     conc HNO /H SO
  32 4
 NO2

 NaNO2/HCl

 CH3COCl
Pyridine
NHCOCH3 NH2

41
 (b) Chloroethane to methanamine 1

C2 H 5Cl A   C 2 H 5OH K

qNaOH

MnO 4
 CH 3COOH
NH3/heat
CH 3 NH 2    CH 3CONH 2
Br2 / KOH

(c) Propanenitrile to ethanal 1

C H Cl H3O Br2 / NaOH

2 5  CH 3CH 2 CONH 2  CH 3CH 2 NH 2
HNO2
CH 3CHO  
 CH 3CH 2 OH
PCC

Ethanal
5. (a) The colour of coordination compound depends upon the type of ligand and d-d transition taking place. 1
H2O is weak field ligand , which causes small splitting , leading to the d-d transition corresponding green
colour , however due to the presence of (en) which ia strong field ligand , the splitting is increased . Due to the
change in t2g – eg splitting the colouration of the compound changes from green to blue.
(b) Formula of the compound is [Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2 (SO4)3 1
The hybridisation of the compound is: d2sp3
OR
(a) As the fourth electron enters one of the e g orbitals giving the configuration t 2g3 e g1,which indicates
Δo < P hence forms high spin complex. 1
(b)2

eg

dz2dx2.y2
ENERGY

o
Average energy of d orbitals
In spherical crystal field
dxy dxz dzx
Splitting of d orbitals in
Free metal ion octahedral crystal field

6. (a) Ti is having electronic configuration [Ar] 3d2 4s2. Ti (IV) is more stable as Ti4+ acquires nearest noble gas
configuration on loss of 4 e–. 1
(b) In case of transition elements, ions of the same charge in a given series show progressive decrease in radius
with increasing atomic number. As the new electron enters a d orbital each time the nuclear charge increases
by unity. The shielding effect of a d electron is not that effective, hence the net electrostatic attraction between
the nuclear charge and the outermost electron increases and the ionic radius decreases. 1
(c) Iron and Chromium are having high enthalpy of atomization due to the presence of unpaired electrons, which
accounts for their hardness. However, Zinc has low enthalpy of atomization as it has no unpaired electron.
Hence zinc is comparatively a soft metal. 1
7. Compound A is an alkene, on ozonolysis it will give carbonyl compounds. As both B and C have > C = O group,
B gives positive Fehling’s test so it is an aldehyde and it gives iodoform test so it is so it has CH3C = O group. This
means the aldehyde is acetaldehyde C does not give Fehling’s test, so it is a ketone. It gives positive iodoform test

42 ■ CHEMISTRY-XII
 so it is a methyl ketone means it has CH3C = O group
Compound A (C5H10) on ozonlysis gives B (CH3CHO) + C (CH3COR)
So “C” is CH3COCH3
(i) O3(ii) Zn/H 3O+
CH CH = C(CH ) CH CHO + CH COCH ½
3 3 2 3 3 3

CH3CHO + 2Cu2+ + 5OH– æÆ CH 3COO– + Cu 2O (red ppt) + 3H 2O

CH3COCH3 + 2Cu2+ + 5OH– æÆ No reaction ½
C'H3CHO + 3I2 + 3 NaOH æÆ CHI 3(yellow ppt) + 3HI + HCOONa
CH3COCH3 + 3I2 + 3 NaOH æÆ CHI 3 (yellow ppt) + 3HI + CH 3COONa ½
A = CH3CH=C(CH3)2 ½
B = CH3CHO ½
C = CH3COCH3 ½
8. (a) Electrodialysis 1
(b) Purification of colloidal solution 1
(c) Yes. Dialysis is a very slow process to increase its speed electric field is applied ½+ ½
9. (a) When N-ethylethanamine reacts with benzenesulphonyl chloride, N,N-diethylbenzenesulphonamide is formed.
1
(b) When benzylchloride is treated with ammonia , Benzylamine is formed which on reation with Chloromethane
yields a secondary amine, N-methylbenzylamine. ½+ ½
(c) When aniline reacts with chloroform in the presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide, phenyl isocyanides or
phenyl isonitrile is formed. 1
OR
(a) N-Ethyl-N-methylbenzenamine or N-Ethyl-N-ethylaniline 1
(b) ½ each
NO2 NH2 NH2 N2Cl
Br Br Br Br
 
Br2 / H 2O
 

Sn / HCl
 

NaNO2 /HCl


273278K

A Br Br

F
HBF4
Br Br


Br
10. Al(s) /Cd2+ (0.1M) // Al3+ (0.01M) /Cd(s) ½
2Al(s) + 3Cd2+ (0.1M) æÆ 3Cd (s) + 2Al3+ (0.01M) ½
0.059 [Al3 ]2
Ecell  Ecell  log
n [Cd2 ]3

0.059 [0.01]2 ½
Ecell  1.26  log 3
6 [0.1]
= 1.26 – 0.059 (–1) 1

MARKING SCHEME OF CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2021-22 ■ 43

 = 1.26+0.009 ½
= 1.269 V
11. (a) The ability of fluorine to stabilize the highest oxidation state is attributed to the higher lattice energy or high
bond enthalpy. 1
2+ 2+
(b) Co has three unpaired electrons so it would be paramagnetic in nature, hence Co ion would be attracted to
magnetic field. 1
(c) The transition elements of 5d series have intervening 4f orbitals. There is greater effective nuclear charge acting
on outer valence electrons due to the weak shielding by 4f electrons. Hence first ionisation energy of 5d series
of transition elements are higher than that of 3d and 4d series. 1
OR
(a) Manganese is having lower melting point as compared to chromium, as it has highest number of unpaired
electrons, strong interatomic metal bonding , hence no delocalisation of electrons. 1
(b) There is much more frequent metal – metal bonding in compounds of the heavy transition metals i.e 4d and
5d series , which accounts for lower melting point of 3d series. 1
(c) Tungsten. 1

SECTION-C
12. (a) Ratio of neutrons to protons is 2.3: 1 which is not the stable ratio of 1:1 1
(b) Age of fossils can be estimated by C-14 decay. All living organisms have C-14 which decays without being
replaced back once the organism dies. 1
(c) carbon-14 atoms decay to stable nitrogen atoms and potassium-40 atoms decay to stable calcium 1
(d) t = 2.303/ k log (Co/Ct) ½
Co = 20 g Ct = ?
t = 10320 years k = 0.693/6000 (half-life given in passage)
Substituting in equation:
10320 = 2.303 / (0.693/6000) log 20/ Ct ½
0.517 = log 20 / Ct anlilog (0.517) = 20/Ct ½
3.289 = 20/Ct
Ct = 6.17 g ½
OR
t = 2.303/ k log (Co/Ct) ½
Co = 32 g Ct = 12
t = ? k = 0.693/6000 (half life given in passage)
Substituting in equation:
t = 2.303 / (0.693/6000) log 32/ 12
t = 2.303 × 60000 /0.693 log 2.667 ½
t = 2.303 × 6000 × 0.4260 /0.693 ½
= 8494 years