Lab Worksheet Course Title: Thermodynamics CLO.2/PLO.

Experiment No. 9
Title:
Determination of Critical Pressure Ratio and demonstration of Choking Effect using Nozzle
Performance Study Unit

Objective:
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Equipment:
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Introduction:
Description of Apparatus:

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Lab Worksheet Course Title: Thermodynamics CLO.2/PLO.4

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Fig. 9.1: Nozzle Performance Study Unit

Make a parts list of Apparatus;

Technical data:
Air Consumption of the Experimental Unit
 Compressed Air: Max. 10bar
 Air consumption: approx. 5g/s
 5 Nozzles Brass
• 4 convergent-divergent
• 1 convergent
Lab Worksheet Course Title: Thermodynamics CLO.2/PLO.4

• Diameter all nozzles: 2mm

• Length divergent nozzles: 3.6 to 15.8mm

 Compressed air regulator control range: 0…8.6 bar

 Measuring ranges:
• Temperature: 0…100°C
• Pressure: 2x 0…10bar
• Mass flow: 0.7…8.3 g/s
• Force: 0…2N
Voltage Supply: 1 phase 230V, 60Hz
LxWxH: 750x450x810 mm
Weight: approx. 27 kg

Flow in Nozzle Performance study Unit:

Fig.9.2. Section of the Test chamber

A measuring reaction force (thrust) B measuring action force (impact force)

1 baffle plate, 2 nozzle 3 force
T temperature P pressure Q flow rate, F force

Draw a Schematic flow diagram “left connection”;

Lab Worksheet Course Title: Thermodynamics CLO.2/PLO.4

What is Critical Pressure? Derive formula of Critical pressure Ratio:

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Define and explain Choking effect;

Lab Worksheet Course Title: Thermodynamics CLO.2/PLO.4

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Procedure:
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Safety measurements;
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Lab Worksheet Course Title: Thermodynamics CLO.2/PLO.4

Observations and Calculations:

Sr. Pin Pout

No. (bar) Tin F Tout (bar) ṁ Pout/Pin
Pe
Pe/Pin
(oC) (N) (oC) (g/s) (bar)
Pg Pab Pg Pab

Where
Pin = Input pressure of nozzle
Pout = Back pressure of nozzle
Pab = Absolute pressure
Tin = Inlet temperature
Tout = Outlet temperature
F (N) = Nozzle force
Pe = Pressure at exit of the nozzle
For convergent nozzle:
If Pout ≥ P c then Pe =Pout and if
Pc > Pout then Pe =Pc

Results and Data Analysis:

i. Graph between mass-flow-rate and P out / Pin
Lab Worksheet Course Title: Thermodynamics CLO.2/PLO.4

ii. Graph between P e / Pin and Pout / Pin

Precautions:
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Lab Worksheet Course Title: Thermodynamics CLO.2/PLO.4

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Applications:
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