ASSERTION AND REASON

(19
This test is meanttoJjudgethe candidate's knowledge and with it, his ability to out correctly. In this test, two
reason

statements reterred
these are given theascorrect
and to the Assertion
one is to(A)
be and
Reason (R) respectively are provided. Five alternative comments
chosen.
on

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Directions: In each of the following questions, there Thus, both A and R are individually true but R
are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and
does not explain A.
Reason (R).
Mark your answer as: Hence, the answer is (6).
Ex. 3. Assertion (A:An iron ball floats on mercury but
(a) if both A andR are true and R is the correct
eaplanation of A; gets imnmersed in water.
(6) ifboth A and R are true but R is not the correct Reason (R): The specific gravity of iron is more
explanation of A; than that of mercury. (M.A.T. 1999)
(c)ifA is true but R is false; Sol. Iron with specific gravity less than that of mercury
d) ifA is false but R is true; but more than that of water, floats in the former
but gets immersed in the second.
(e) if both A and R are false.
Thus, A is true but R is false.
Ex. 1. Assertion (A): Most of the
Himalayan rivers are
Hence, the answer is (c).
perennial.
Ex. 4. Assertion (A: Beri-beri is a viral infection.
Reason (R): They are fed by melting snow.
(M.A.T. 2005) Reason (R): Vitamin deficiency causes diseases.
Sol. Most Himalayan rivers are perennial because Sol. It is true that vitamin
deficiency causes diseases,
they are fed by the melting snow throughout and beri-beri is caused by deficiency of Vitamin B1.
the year. Thus, A is false but R is true.
Thus, R correctly explains A. Hence, the answer is (d).
Ex. 5. Assertion (A): Bangladesh imports jute from
Hence, the answer is (a).
India.
Ex. 2. Assertion (A): The filament in an electric bulb
does not burn up although its temperature is about Reason (R): Bangladesh has most of the
mills. jute
2700°C when it glows. (MA.T. 2005)
Reason (R): Bulb filament is made of tungsten.
Sol. When Bangladesh was created after partition of
India, the areas of
jute production went to
gladesh while the jute mills were left in India.Ban
Sol. Despite high temperature, the filament in a bulb
does not get burnt due to absence of oxygen, as So,
India imports raw jute from
the bulb is first evacuated and then filled with an Bangladesh.
inert gas like argon or helium. However, it is true
Thus, both A and R are false.
that bulb filament is made of tungsten. Hence, the correct answer is (e).

19.1
19.2 Verbal asoning
EXERCISE 19A
In each of the questions given below, Reason (R)
Directions:
labelled as Assertion (A) Sprouting kills many vital vitamins.
there are two statements 11. Assertion (A) :Goitre is a common
and Reason (R). disease in moun-
tainous regions.
Mark your a n s w e r as per the codes provided below: Reason (R)
and R is the
The diet of the people in
(a)Both A and R are true correct ex.
lacks iodine content.
mountains
planation of A.
12. Assertion (A) :
Roughage prevents constipation.
) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
Reason (R)
explanation of A. :Roughage adds bulk to the food.
(c) A is true but R is false. 13. Assertion (A) : Alcohol rather than
mercury is
d) A is false but R is true. used in a thermometer to
measure
(e) Both A and R are false. temperature of 60°C.
a -

1. Assertion (A) : When lightning strikes, the sound is Reason (R) Alcohol has a lower freezing
than mercury.
point
heard a little after the flash is seen. (M.A.T. 2003)
Reason (R) :The velocity of light is greater than 14. Assertion (A) : Indus Valley people knew the art of
that of the sound. navigation.
2. Assertion (A) : A ship rises as it enters the sea from Reason (R) Indus Valley seals indicate
a river.
preva-
lence of overseas trade.
Reason (R) The density of sea water is 15. Assertion (A) :
higher Pipes carrying water often burst in
as compared to river water. cold countries during severe
winter.
3. Assertion (A) : Indian President is the head of the Reason (R) Water expands on
State.
freezing.
16. Assertion (A) : An electric bulb makes
Reason (R) Indian Parliament consists of it is broken.
a bang' when
the
President, Lok Sabha and Rajya Reason (R) :The air inside the bulb rushes out
Sabha. (A.I.M.A.T.S. 1999) immediately on breaking.
4. Assertion (A) : The pouring of kerosene oil on 17. Assertion (A) : Salt is added to cook food at
higher
stagnant pools helps to eradicate altitudes.
malaria. Reason (R) :Temperature is lower at higher
Reason (R) altitudes.
:The kerosene oil is poisonous for the
18. Assertion (A) : Carbon monoxide when inhaled
mosquitoes. causes death.
5. Assertion (A) : Uranium undergoes nuclear fusion Reason (R) : Carbon monoxide combines with
reaction. haemoglobin.
Reason (R) I t has 19. Assertion (A) : We feel colder on mountains than
a
big, unstable nucleus.
6. Assertion (A) : Petrol fire cannot be on plains.
extinguished Reason (R)
by pouring water over it. :Temperature decreases with alti-
Reason (R) tude.
:Water is heavier than
petrol. 20. Assertion (A) : Inside the earth metals are present
7. Assertion (A) : The British
sovereignty continued in molten state.
to exist in free
India. Reason (R) Earth absorbs the sun's rays.
Reason (R)
ne British sovereign appointed the 21. Assertion (A) : There is no vaccine for AIDS.
last Governor-General of free India.
Reason (R) The AIDS virus changes its genetic
(M.B.A. 2004) code.
8. Asserion (A) : Diamond is used for cutting glass. 22. Assertion (A) : Clothes are not washed properly in
hot water.
Reason (R) Diamond has ahigh refractive index.
Reason (R) : Hard water contains many minerals.
9. Assertion (A): 1The same side of the moon faces the
23. Assertion (A) : In India, females have higher life
earth at all times.
expectancy than the males.
Reason (R) Moon is the only natural satellite : Females receive a better diet.
Reason (R)
of Earth.
24. Assertion (A) : The Indian Constitution came into
10. Assertion (A) : Sprouting should not be done before force with effect from 26th January,

consuming the grains. 1950.

Assertion and Reason 19.3
Reason R) 26th in
:
January is celebrated as the 39. Assertion (A)
:Telephone wires sag more

Republic Day. summer.

95. Assertion (A) :

Appendix is a
vestigial heat.
human body. in. organ Reason (R) : They expand due to summer

Reason (R) I t does not 40. Assertion (A) : Eskimos reside in igloos.
participate in digestion. other material except snow is
26. Assertion (A) Himalayas once laid under the sea.
: Reason (R) No
Reason (R) :Fossils of marine creatures are available.
traced on the Himalayas. 41. Assertion (A) : India is a democratie country.
27. Assertion (A) : Shivaji developed the
guerilla war- Reason (R) :India has a Constitution of its own.
fare Pressure cookers fitted with
Reason (R) 42. Assertion (A) : are
Shivaji feared the Mughals. ebonite handles.
28. Assertion (A) :
Legumes revive
the soil fertility.
Reason (R) Reason (R) : Ebonite is strong.
Microbes in the root nodules of le-
gumes fix the atmospheric nitrogen. 43. Assertion (A) : Water kept in earthen pots gets
29. Assertion (A) : Cut fruits and vegetables should not cooled in summer.
be
kept in open for long. Reason (R) :Evaporationcauses cooling
Reason (R) Their vitamin content is ruined. 44. Assertion (A) : Safety fuses are made up of materi-
30. Assertion (A) :An atom is neutral despite the als having a high melting point.
charged particles in it.
Reason
Reason (R) Safety fuses should be resistant to
(R): The neutrons do not have any electric current.
charge. 45. Assertion (A) : Pluto is the coldest planet.
31. Assertion (A) : Baking soda creates acidity in the
stomach. Reason (R) It receives slanting rays of the sun.
Reason R) : Baking soda is alkaline. 46. Assertion (A) : In the upper course, the main work
32. Assertion (A) : Amoebiasis is an occupational dis- of the river is erosion.
ease Reason (R) River flows swiftly in the upper
Reason (R) Amoebiasis is caused by inhalation course.
of asbestos dust. 47. Assertion (A) : Most of the ancient civilizations
33. Assertion (A) : Plaster of Paris is used by doctors grew near the rivers.
for setting fractured bones.
Reason (R) : The main occupation of man was
Reason (R) :When Plaster of Paris is mixed
with water and applied around the
agriculture.
fractured limbs, it sets into a hard 48. Assertion (A) : Earth is the only planet known to
mass. have life.
34. Assertion (A) : The use of chlorofluorocarbons is Reason ( ) Earth has an atmosphere which is
banned throughout the world nowa- a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen and
days carbon dioxide.
Reason (R) These chemicals cause skin cancer. 49. Assertion (A) : Passengers in a boat are not allowed
35. Assertion (A) : Bronze is used for making statues. to stand.
Reason (R) : Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Reason (R) : This may raise the centre of gravity
36. Assertion (A) : India is facing the problem of infla- of the boat and the boat may topple
tion. over due to unstable equilibrium.
:We have failed to check the growth
Reason (R) 50. Assertion (A) : Mercury is the farthest planet from
of black money.
the Sun.
37. Assertion (A) : Leaves of plants are green.
Mercury is the smallest planet in the
Reason (R)
Plants contain chromoplasts, the
Reason (R) entire solar system. (M.A.T. 2005)
green pigment.
51. Assertion (A) : Venus is placed distant from Sun as
Areas near the Equator receive
38, Assertion (A) : compared to Mercury, yet it is the
rainfall throughout the year.
hottest planet.
Reason R) High temperatures and high humid- Reason (R) Immense carbon dioxide in the at-
in most
ity cause conventional rain mosphere of Venus creates a green
afternoons near the Equator.
house effect.
(M.B.A. 2004) |
19.4 Verbo Reasonin
52. Assertion (A) : Akbar founded Din-e-llahi. 56. Assertion (A) : The steam engine was invented by
Reason (R) He was motivated by self-glorifica- James Watt.
tion. Reason (R) There was a
problem of taking out
53. Assertion (A) : On the equinoxes, the day and night water from flooded mines.
are equal all over the globe. 57.Assertion (A) :Increase in carbon dioxide would
:On the equinoxes, the position of melt polar ice.
Reason (R)
earth with respect to the sun is such Reason (R) Global temperature would rise.
that neither pole is inclined towards 58. Assertion (A) : Tamil Nadu gets most of the
rainfall
the sun. in winter.
54. Assertion (A) : A person with blood group O is Reason (R) :Tamil Nadu gets rainfall from re
considered a universal recipient. treating monsoons.
Reason (R) Type O blood does not contain any 59. Assertion (A) :Graphite is slippery and used as a

antigens. lubricant.
55. Assertion (A) : Tides indicate the regular and pe- Reason (R) :Graphitehas free electrons.
riodic rise and fall in sea level. 60. Assertion (A) : In India, the
judiciary is indepen-
Reason (R) :Tides are caused by the gravitational dent of the executive.
pull of the moon and the sun. Reason (R) Judiciary favours the government
and helps in the implementation of
(M.A.T. 1999)| its plans.

ANSWERS (EXERCISE 19A)

1. (a) :R provides the correct
reason for A.
visible on Earth.
2. (a) Due to higher density of sea water, the upthrust 10. (e) :
Sprouted grains should be consumed because
produced by the sea water on the ship is greater sprouting enhances the nutrient content of the
as
compared to that produced by river water. grains.
3. (b) Both A and R true. Indian
are President is the 11. (a) : Goitre is
constitutional titular head of the executive,
or
commonly caused in mountainous
the real power being vested in the Council regions because goitre is caused by deficiency
of of iodine and diet in mountainous
Ministers. areas lacks
4. (c): The
iodine.
kerosene oil sprayed on the water
thin
provides 12. (a) Roughage adds bulk to the food and makes its
:
a
coating and the larvae of mosquitoes are
prevented from coming up to breathe. Thus, they passage through the stomach easier, thus pre
die. venting constipation.
5. (d): Having a big, unstable nucleus, uranium under- 13. (a) Mercury freezes at 39°C, while alcohol freezes
: -

goes nuclear fission reaction. at a point far below 100°C. So, alcohol is used to
-

6. (a): Water, being heavier, slips down and petrol rises measure lower temperatures. Similarly, mercury
to the surface and continues to burn as boils at 357°C, while alcohol boils at 78°C. So,
before.
So, petrol fire is better mercury is used to measure high temperatures.
sand over it.
extinguished by putting 14. (a): The seals found Indus Valley sites gave ev
at
7. (d) India drafted its own Constitution and formed dence of overseas trade, which was possible only
its own government after with the knowledge of the art of
gaining independence. navigation.
So, A is false. But R is true. 15. (a) :
During severe winters, water in the pipes freezes
8. (b): Diamond is hard due to its
rigid three dimen- to ice and expands, resulting in bursting of pipes
sional structure and so, it is used for 16. (c) There is a
glass.
cutting : vacuum
the bulb breaks, air rushes in at great
inside the electric bulb. When ed

Refractive index of diamond is high and this from all sides to fill the vacuum, thus producug
gives it greater transparency and brilliance. a bang.
9. (b) The Moon rotates on its axis 17. 6) : Due to decrease in pressure at higher altitudes
once in 27 daya water boils much below 100°C so that the foou
and it also takes the same time to
revolve around does not get sufficient heat for being cooked. >
the Earth. So, only one side of the Moon increases the boiling point of water.
remains
 Assertion a n d R e

1s

Ide, when inhaled, combines I 35. (h): Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. lt resista
18. (aar and so it is used to make statues.
with haemoglobin of blood to form to corrosion
haemoglobin which inhibits the transport
carboxy Inflation in India
is caused by unrestricted
of 36. (a):
money.
oxygen. growth of black
because they contain
37. (c): Leaves of plants
a r e green
: Higher above the sea
(a): level, However, plants
the rate of 1°C for temperature
19. de-
creases at the green pigment, chlorophyll.
every 165 metres r e not green pig-
contain chromoplasts but they
a
of ascent making mountain
peaks colder. ments.
(c):Inside the earth, the high temperature and pres- 38. (a): R is the correct explanation of A.
sure keep the metals in molten state. The
earth wires expands in summer
does not absorb the sun's rays but reflects them. 39. (a): The metal of telephone
and the wires become loose. So, they
sag.
01. (a): A vaccine contains the inactivated germs of the
disease. But the AIDS virus changes its 40. (c): Eskimos live in snow houses
called igloos because
code and so no vaccine has been inventedgenetic
for it. snow, a bad conductor
being of heat, these houses
92. (b): Clothes are not washed properly in hard water are warm inside.
because it does not form lather with soap. How- 41. (6): India is a democratic country because its govern-
ever, it is true that hard water contains ment is the government of the people,
for the
many is also true that
minerals. and the people.
by It
people
93, (e): In India, due to high birth rate and due to ne- India has its own Constitution.

glect, females have a lower life expectancy than are made of

the males and although females need a better
diet, they do not receive it.
24. 6): The Indian Constitution came into force with
effect from January 26, 1950 and since then this
day is celebrated as the Republic Day.
25. (a): Appendix, earlier used to digest raw vegetable
matter, is now a vestigial
organ in human body
and does not perform any function.
26. (a): Himalayas are the young fold mountains that
at one time are believed to lie inside the Tethys
Sea. This is evident from the recovery of fossils
of marine creatures on its peaks.
27. (c): Shivaji initiated the guerilla warfare to defeat
the Mughals but he did not fear them.
28. (a): The root nodules of leguminous plants contain
nitrogen fixing bacteria which absorb the atmo
spheric nitrogen and convert it into nitrogeneous
compounds useful for the plants reviving soil
fertility.
29. (a): When cut fruits and vegetables are kept in open, 48. (b): Presence of water is the chief originator and
the vitamins in them get oxidized and remain of |
no use.
30. (6): An atom contains the positively charged protons
and an equal number of negatively charged elec-
that
trons. So, it is neutral. However, it is true
neutral.
neutrons in the nucleus of a n atom are
31. (d): Baking soda, being alkaline, neutralizes the
acidity in the stomach.
32. (e): Amoebiasis is a microbial disease, caused oy 5 2 .
42. (c): The handles of pressure cookers
ebonite because it being a bad conductor of heat,
does not heat up.
43. (a): Earthen pots have pores through which water
evaporates, causing cooling.
44. (e): Safety fuses are made up of materials having a
low melting point so that when excess current
flows through the circuit, the fuse melts breaking
the cireuit and thus prevents appliances.
45. (c): Pluto, being farthest from the sun, hardly gets
the sun's rays. So, Pluto is the coldest planet.
46. (a): n its upper course, the river rushes down a
steep slope and so fiows swiftly, causing mainly
erosion in this region.
47. (6): Most ancient civilizations grew near the rivers,
because of fertile land and availability of water
necessary for agriculture, the main occupation
of man.
sustainer of life on the Earth.
49. (a): R fully explains A.
50. (d): Mercury is the smallest planet, but Pluto is the
farthest planet in the solar system.
51. (a): 97% of Venus' atmosphere comprises carbon
dioxide which traps the incoming solar energy
very efficiently.
(c): Akbar founded Din-e-Ilahi to inculcate moral

protozoa. values in people and abolish religious intoler-

d3. (a): Plaster of Paris when mixed with water and ap-
ance. R is false.
it sets into a
plied around the fractured limbs,
hard m a s s and keeps the
bone joints in a fixed 63. (a): R fully and clearly explains A
used for setting fractured 54. (d): Group O blood carries no antigens on their cells
position. So, it c a n be
bones. and do not manufacture antibodies against other
is banned nowa-
blood types. This blood can be safely adminis-
4.c): The use of chlorofluorocarbons
holes in the ozone
days because these ultraviolet
cause
tered to people with other blood groups. So, group
rays penetrate
layer through which O people are called universal donors. A person
and may cause skin cancer.
19.6 Verbal Reasoning
with blood group AB is a universal recipient. 59. 6): Graphite possesses a layer structure with two
55. (a): R explains Afully. successive layers held by weak forces and able
56. (a): The problem of pumping out water from the to slide over one another. So, graphite is slippery

flooded mines provided the need of a self-working and this property finds its use as a lubricant.

engine, which led James Watt to invent the In graphite, each carbon atom is linked to three
same. other carbon atoms while one electron in the
57. (a) The carbon dioxide envelope in earth's atmo- carbon atom is delocalized. So, graphite has free
electrons.
sphere traps the heat. With increase in the pro-
portion of carbon dioxide, the global temperature 60. (c): In India, the judiciary is completely independent
would rise, thus causing the polar ice to melt. of the executive. It has no interference in the
affairs of the state nor can it be influenced by
58. (a) : Rainfall in Tamil Nadu is caused by the retreat- the government.
ing monsoons which occur in winter.

EXERCISE 19B