Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VPo ZV QQD OPIQdhrph X5 M
VPo ZV QQD OPIQdhrph X5 M
VPo ZV QQD OPIQdhrph X5 M
Oscillations
TOPIC 1 and equation of acceleration of a
particle is 05 Average velocity of a particle
Simple Harmonic Motion A = aω2 sinωt = aω2 sin(ωt + π) executing SHM in one complete
∴Phase difference between vibration is [NEET (National) 2019]
01 A body is executing simple displacement and acceleration of a Aω 2
(a)Aω (b)
harmonic motion with frequency n, particle is 2
the frequency of its potential = (ωt + π) − ωt = π rad Aω
(c) zero (d)
energy is [NEET 2021] Hence, correct option is (d). 2
(a) n (b) 2n (c) 3n (d) 4n Ans. (c)
04 The distance covered by a particle The average velocity of a particle
Ans. (b)
undergoing SHM in one time period executing simple harmonic motion (SHM)
In simple harmonic motion, both kinetic
energy and potential energy attains their
is (amplitude = A) is
maximum value two times in one complete [NEET (Odisha) 2019] Total displacement x f − x i
v av = =
oscillation. Hence, frequency of kinetic (a) zero (b) A Time interval T
energy and potential energy is 2 for one (c) 2A (d) 4A
where, x f and x i are the initial and final
complete oscillation. So, the frequency Ans. (d) position of the particle executing SHM.
of the potential energy of a body
executing SHM with frequency n is 2n. In a simple harmonic motion (SHM) the As, in vibrational motion, the particle
particle oscillates about its mean executes SHM about its mean position.
02 Identify the function which position on a straight line. So, after one complete vibration of the
represents a periodic motion. The particle moves from its mean particle, it will reaches its initial position,
[NEET (Oct.) 2020] position (O) to an extreme position (P) i.e.
ωt Displacement, x f − x i = 0
(a) e (b) log e (ωt) and then return to its mean position
−ω t covering same distance of A. 0
(c) sinωt + cosωt (d) e ∴ v av =
Then by the conservative force, it is T
Ans. (c) moved in opposite direction to a point Q Hence, the average velocity is zero.
sinωt and cosωt, both are periodic by distance A and then back to mean
2π 06 The displacement of a particle
function of period . position covering a distance of A. This
ω comprises of one time period as shown executing simple harmonic motion
We know that, sum of two periodic below is given by
functions is also a periodic function, y = A 0 + A sinωt + Bcosωt
hence, sinωt + cosωt represents O
P Then the amplitude of its
periodic motion.
Q oscillation is given by
03 The phase difference between [NEET (National) 2019]
displacement and acceleration of a A A (a) A2 + B 2 (b) A02 + (A + B) 2
particle in a simple harmonic extreme mean extreme
position position position (c) A + B (d) A0 + A2 + B 2
motion is [NEET (Sep.) 2020]
In one time period
3π π Ans. (a)
(a) rad (b) rad The displacement of given particle is
2 2 Hence, in one time period it covers a
(c) zero (d) π rad distance of y = A0 + A sinωt + B cosωt … (i)
Ans. (d) x = OP + PO + OQ + QO The general equation of SHM can be
In SHM, equation of displacement of a = A + A + A + A = 4A given as
particle is y = a sinωt x = a sinωt + b cosωt … (ii)
So, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we can say that 08 A particle executes linear simple 10 A particle is executing SHM along a
A0 be the value of mean position, at harmonic motion with an amplitude straight line. Its velocities at
which y = 0. of 3 cm. When the particle is at 2 distances x 1 and x 2 from the mean
∴Amplitude, R = A 2 + B 2 + 2 AB cosθ cm from the mean position, the position are v 1 and v 2 , respectively.
magnitude of its velocity is equal to Its time period is [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
As two function sine and cosine have
phase shift to 90°.
that of its acceleration. Then, its x 21 + x 22 x 22 − x12
(a) 2 π (b) 2 π
time period in seconds is v + v
2 2
v12 − v 22
∴R = A 2 + B 2 [Qcos90 ° = 0] [NEET 2017]
1 2
v 12 + v 22 v 12 − v 22
(a)
5
(b)
5 (c) 2 π (d) 2 π
07 The radius of circle, the period of π 2π x12 + x22 x12 − x22
revolution, initial position and 4π 2π
(c) (d) Ans. (b)
sense of revolution are indicated in 5 3 Let A be the amplitude of oscillation,
the below fig. [NEET (National) 2019] then
Ans. (c)
y
P(t=0)
Thinking Process Magnitude of velocity v 12 = ω 2 (A 2 − x 12 ) …(i)
of particle when it is at displacement x v 22 = ω 2 (A 2 − x 2 ) …(ii)
T=4 s from mean position
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
x = ω A2 − x 2
v 12 − v 22 = ω 2 (x 22 − x 12 )
3m
Also, magnitude of acceleration of
v 12 − v 22 2π v 2 − v 22
particle in SHM ⇒ ω= ⇒ = 12
x −x
2 2
T x 2 − x 12
= ω2 x
2 1
or sin
T Now, time period of the oscillation,
t = sin or t =
T 6 12 Ans.(c) m 2
T = 2π ⇒ T = 2π
Hence, time taken to travel from Consider a particle of mass m, executing k 200
a T T T linear SHM with amplitudea and Time period,T = 0.628s
x = a to x = = − =
2 4 12 6 constant angular frequencyω. Suppose t
second after starting from the mean 38 A mass falls from a height ‘h’ and its
position, the displacement of the
34 A body is executing SHM. When the particle is x, which is given by
time of fall ‘t’ is recorded in terms
displacements from the mean of time periodT of a simple
x = a sinωt
position is 4 cm and 5 cm, the pendulum. On the surface of earth
So, potential energy of particle is
corresponding velocities of the body it is found that t = 2 T. The entire
1
is 10 cm/s and 8 cm/s. Then, the U = mω 2 x 2 …(i) set up is taken on the surface of
2
time period of the body is another planet whose mass is half
and kinetic energy of particle is
[CBSE AIPMT 1991] of earth and radius the same. Same
π 1
(a) 2 π sec (b) sec T = mω2 (a 2 − x 2 ) …(ii) experiment is repeated and
2
2 corresponding times noted as t ′
3π T a2 − x2
(c) π sec (d) sec From Eqs. (i) and (ii) = andT ′. [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
2 U x2
(a) t′ = 2 T ′ (b) t′ > 2 T ′
Ans. (c) (c) t′ < 2T ′ (d) t′ = 2 T ′
Velocity of the particle executing SHM at 36 A particle moving along the X-axis
executes simple harmonic motion, Ans. (d)
any instant is defined as the time rate of
change of its displacement at that then the force acting on it is given The distance covered by the mass falling
instant. It is given by from height ‘h’ during its time of fall ‘t’ is
by [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
given by
v = ω (a 2 − x 2 ) (a) − AKx (b) Acos Kx 1
(c) Aexp(− Kx) (d) AKx s = h = ut + gt 2
where, x is displacement of the particle. 2
is acceleration andω is angular where, A and K are positive constants.
1 2h
frequency. Ans. (a) As, u = 0 ⇒h = gt 2 ⇒t = …(i)
2 g
Case I 10 = ω a 2 − 16 …(i) If a particle executing simple harmonic
motion, has a displacement x from its The time period of simple pendulum is
Case II 8 = ω a 2 − 25 …(ii) equilibrium position, at an instant the l
magnitude of the restoring forceF acting T = 2π …(ii)
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get g
on the particle at that instant is given by
5 a 2 − 16 25 a 2 − 16 F = − kx
where,l is the length of the pendulum.
= or =
4 a 2 − 25 16 a 2 − 25 where, k is known as force constant.
From Eq. (i) and (ii), since ‘h’ and ‘l ’ are
constant so, we can conclude that,
or 16a 2 − 256 = 25a 2 − 625 Hence, in given options, option (a) is
correct. Here, k = AK 1 1 t
t∝ andT ∝ ∴ =1
369 g g T
or a2 =
9 TOPIC 2 Thus, the ratio of time of fall and time
Putting value of a 2 in Eq. (i), we get
Some Systems period of pendulum is independent of
369 value of gravity (g) or any other
10 = ω
9
− 16
Exceuting SHM parameter like mass and radius of the
planet. Thus, the relation betweent′ and
10 × 3 37 A spring is stretched by 5 cm by a
or ω= = 2 rad/s T ′ on another planet irrespective of its
15 force 10 N. The time period of the mass or radius will remains same as it
2π 2 π
∴ Time period T = = = π sec oscillations when a mass of 2 kg is was on earth i.e.
ω 2
suspended by it is [NEET 2021] t ′ = 2T ′
39 A pendulum is hung from the roof In parallel, the net force constant 43 A simple pendulum performs
of a sufficiently high building and is K ′′ = x + 2x + 3x = 6x = 11K simple harmonic motion about x = 0
moving freely to and fro like a The required ratio with an amplitude a and time
simple harmonic oscillator. The K 6x / 11 period T. The speed of the
= = 1 : 11 a
acceleration of the bob of the K ′′ 6x pendulum at x = will be
pendulum is 20 m/ s2 at a distance 2
of 5 m from the mean position. The [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
41 A body of mass m is attached to
time period of oscillation is πa 3 πa 3 π 2a πa 3
the lower end of a spring whose (a) (b) (c) (d)
[NEET 2018] 2T T T T
upper end is fixed. The spring has
(a) 2 s (b) π s (c) 2π s (d) 1 s
negligible mass. When the mass m Ans. (d)
Ans. (b) is slightly pulled down and Concept Use the equation of motion of
The acceleration of particle/body released, it oscillates with a time a body executing SHM.
executing SHM at any instant (at position period of 3 s. When the mass m is i.e. x = a sinωt
x) is given as increased by 1 kg, the time period As we know, the velocity of body
a = −ω2 x of oscillations becomes 5 s. The executing SHM is given by
value of m in kg is dx
where,ω is the angular frequency of the [NEET 2016] v= = aω cos ωt = aω 1 − sin2 ωt
body. 3 4 16 9 dt
(a) (b) (c) (d)
⇒ |a | = ω x2
…(i) 4 3 9 16 =ω a2 − x2
−2
Here, x = 5m, | a | = 20 ms Ans. (d)
Here, x=
a
Substituting the given values in Eq. (i), As we know that 2
we get m a2 3a 2
Time period, T = 2π ∴ v =ω a2 − =ω
20 = ω × 5 2 k k 4 4
⇒ ω2 =
20
=4 2 π a 3 πa 3
Case I = =
5 m T 2 T
T1 = 2 π …(i)
or ω = 2 rad s−1 k m 44 A mass of 2.0 kg is put on a flat pan
As, we know that Case II When the mass mis
2π attached to a vertical spring fixed
Time period, T = …(ii) increased by
ω on the ground as shown in the
1 kg, then = m + 1
∴Substituting the value ofω in Eq. (ii), we figure. The mass of the spring and
From Eqs. (ii) and (i), we get the pan is negligible. When pressed
get
2π
T2 m+ 1 slightly and released the mass
T= = πs =
2 T1 m executes a simple harmonic
5 m+ 1 25 m + 1 motion. The spring constant is
⇒ = ⇒ = 200 N/m. What should be the
40 A spring of force constant k is cut 3 m 9 m
into lengths of ratio 1 : 2 : 3. They minimum amplitude of the motion,
25 1 1 16
are connected in series and the ⇒ = 1+ ⇒ = so that the mass gets detached
9 m m 9
new force constant is k ′. If they are from the pan? (Take g = 10 m /s 2 )
9
connected in parallel and force ∴ m = kg [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
16
constant is k ′ ′, then 1k ′ : k ′ ′ is
[NEET 2017]
42 The period of oscillation of a mass M
(a) 1 : 6 (b) 1 : 9 (c) 1 : 11 (d) 1 : 14
suspended from a spring of
Ans. (c) negligible mass isT. If along with it
When the spring is cut into pieces, they another mass M is also suspended,
will have the new force constant. The the period of oscillation will now be
spring is divided into 1 : 2 : 3 ratio. [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
(a) 8.0 cm
When the pieces are connected in (a)T (b)T/ 2 (c) 2T (d) 2T
series, the resultant force constant
(b) 10.0 cm
Ans. (d) (c) Any value less than 12.0 cm
1 1 1 1
= + + Time period of spring pendulum, (d) 4.0 cm
v ′ k1 k2 k3 M
T = 2π . Ans. (b)
1 1 1 1 k
= + + Let the minimum amplitude of SHM be a.
v ′ x 2x 3x If mass is doubled then time period Restoring force on spring
6x 2M
v′ = T ′ = 2π = 2T F = ka
11 k
Restoring force is balanced by weight Under a force F, they will stretch by y 1 This can be seen as under :
mg of block. For mass to execute simple and y 2 . kl = mg
harmonic motion of amplitudea. (in equilibrium position)
mg m l
∴ ka = mg or a = k1 k2 ⇒ =
k F k g
Here, m = 2 kg, k = 200 N/m, ∴ T = 2π
m
g = 10 m /s 2 k
2 × 10 10 Mg m
∴ a= = m ∴ T1 = 2 π
200 100 So, y = y1 + y2 k1
10 F F1 F2 m
= × 100 cm = 10 cm or = + ⇒ k1 = 4 π 2 ...(i)
100 k k1 k2 T12
Hence, minimum amplitude of the m
But as springs are massless, so force on T2 = 2 π
motion should be 10 cm, so that the
them must be same i.e. F1 = F2 = F . k2
mass gets detached from the pan.
1 1 1 kk m
So, = + or k = 1 2 ⇒ k2 = 4 π 2 ...(ii)
45 A rectangular block of mass m and k k1 k2 k1 + k2 T22
area of cross-section A floats in a Since, springs are in parallel, effective
liquid of density ρ. If it is given a 47 A mass is suspended separately by force constant
small vertical displacement from two springs of spring constants k 1 k = k1 + k2
equilibrium, it undergoes oscillation and k 2 in successive order. The m
with a time period T. Then time periods of oscillations in the ∴ T = 2π
[CBSE AIPMT 2006] k1 + k2
two cases areT 1 andT2
1 m
(a) T ∝ ρ (b) T ∝ respectively. If the same mass be ⇒ k1 + k2 = 4 π 2 ...(iii)
A T2
1 1 suspended by connecting the two
(c) T ∝ (d) T ∝ springs in parallel, (as shown in Substituting values of k1 and k2 from
ρ m Eqs. (i) and (ii) in Eq. (iii), we get
figure) then the time period of
Ans. (b) m m m
oscillations is T. The correct 4π2 2 + 4π2 2 = 4π2 2
Let block be displaced through x m, then T1 T2 T
relation is [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
weight of displaced water or upthrust, 1 1 1
(upwards) is given by Archimedes principle ⇒ = +
T 2 T12 T22
Fb = – Axρg
where, A is the a or T −2 = T1−2 + T2−2
k1 k2
rea of cross-section of the block andρis
its density. This must be equal to force 48 A pendulum is displaced to an
(=ma) applied, where, m is the mass of angle θ from its equilibrium
the block and a is the acceleration. position, then it will pass through
Aρg
∴ ma = – Axρg or a = – x = –ω2 x its mean position with a velocity v
m
equal to [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
This is the equation of simple harmonic (a) T 2 = T12 + T22
(a) 2gl (b) 2gl sinθ
motion. Time period of oscillation, (b) T −2 = T1−2 + T2−2
(c) 2gl cos θ (d) 2 gl (1 − cos θ)
2π m 1 (c) T −1 = T1−1 + T2−1
T= = 2π ⇒ T∝
ω Aρg A (d) T = T1 + T2 Ans. (d)
If l is the length of pendulum andθ the
Ans. (b)
angular amplitude, then height
46 Two springs of spring constants k 1 Problem Solving Strategy Calculate the
effective force constant of parallel A
and k 2 are joined in series. The
spring, then by putting the values of time θ
effective spring constant of the M
combination is given by periodT = 2π , we get the new time
K l
[CBSE AIPMT 2004]
period of spring.
(k 1 + k 2 ) C P
(a) k 1k 2 (b) We can write time period for a vertical
2 r h
spring-block system as
k 1k 2
(c) k 1 + k 2 (d) l
(k 1 + k 2 ) T = 2π B
g
h = AB − AC
Ans. (d) Here, l is extension in the spring when
Let us consider two springs of spring = l − l cosθ
the mass m is suspended from the
constants k1 and k2 joined in series as spring. = l (1 − cos θ) ...(i)
shown in figure.
At point P (maximum displacement 1 g Ans. (c)
n= ...(i)
position i.e. extreme position), potential 2π l For the pendulum to be again in the
energy is maximum and kinetic energy is same phase, there should be difference
zero. At point B (mean or equilibrium In case of vertical spring-mass system,
of one complete oscillation.
position) potential energy is minimum in equilibrium position
g k If smaller pendulum completes n
and kinetic energy is maximum, so from kl = mg ⇒ = oscillations the larger pendulum will
principle of conservation of energy. l m
complete (n–1) oscillations, so
(PE + KE) at P = (KE + PE) at B where,l = extension in the spring and Time period of n oscillations of first
or
1
mgh + 0 = mv 2 + 0 m = mass of the suspended body = Time period of (n–1) oscillations of
2 k = spring constant or force constant of second
or v = 2gh ...(ii) spring. i.e. nT1 = (n − 1) T2
Substituting the value of h from Eq. (i) ∴ From Eq. (i), we have l1 l
into Eq. (ii), we get or n2 π = (n − 1) 2 π 2
1 k 1 n m2 g g
n= or n ∝ or 1 =
v = 2gl (1 − cos θ) 2π m m n2 m1
or n l 1 = (n − 1) l 2
49 The time period of a simple but m1 = m, m2 = 4m, n1 = n (given) n l 2 .0
n 4m n or = 2 =
pendulum is 2 s. If its length is ∴ = = 2 or n2 = n− 1 l1 0.5
increased by 4 times, then its n2 m 2
n
or = 2 or n = 2 n − 2
period becomes [CBSE AIPMT 1999] n− 1
Alternative
(a) 16 s (b) 12 s ∴ n=2
(c) 8 s (d) 4 s As we know that
m 52 A hollow sphere is filled with water.
Ans. (d) T = 2π (for spring mass system)
Time period of simple pendulum k It is hung by a long thread. As the
l n=
1 k water flows out of a hole at the
T = 2π
g 2π m bottom, the period of oscillation
So, for two different masses suspended will [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
where,l = length of pendulum
with same spring. (a) first increase and then decrease
g = acceleration due to gravity
1 k (b) first decrease and then increase
i.e. T∝ l n1 = (c) increase continuously
2 π m1
T2 l (d) decrease continuously
Hence, = 2 ...(i)
T1 l1 k is same for both the
cases as spring is same Ans. (a)
Given, l 2 = 4l 1 ,T1 = 2 s Problem Solving Strategy Compare the
1 k time period of two different oscillation.
Substituting the values in Eq. (i), we get n2 =
2π m2 Time period of simple pendulum
4l 1
T2 = × 2 = 2 × 2 = 4s
l1 n1 m2 l
so, = T = 2π ∝ l
n2 m1 g
50 A mass m is vertically suspended where,l is effective length.
here, m2 = 4m1
from a spring of negligible mass, (i.e. distance between centre of
n1 4m1 2
the system oscillates with a so, = = suspension and centre of gravity of bob)
frequency n. What will be the n2 m1 1
frequency of the system, if a mass ⇒ n1 = 2n2
4m is suspended from the same n n l l + ∆l l
spring ? [CBSE AIPMT 1998] ⇒ n2 = 1 = [n1 = n]
2 2
n G G G
(a) (b) 4 n
4 51 Two simple pendulums of length Spherical hollow Spherical hollow Spherical
n
(c) (d) 2 n 0.5 m and 2.0 m respectively are ball filled ball half hollow ball
2 with water
given small linear displacement in filled with water
Ans. (c) one direction at the same time. T = 2p — l l + ∆l T2 = 2p —l
g T 1 = 2p
g g
Time period of spring-mass system, is They will again be in the same
given by (a) (b) (c)
phase when the pendulum of
displacement shorter length has completed
T =2π . oscillations [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
Initially, centre of gravity is at the
acceleration centre of sphere [Fig. (a)]. When water
(a) 5 (b) 1 leaks the centre of gravity goes down
1 1 acceleration
∴ Frequency, n = = (c) 2 (d) 3 until it is half-filled [Fig. (b)], then it
T 2π displacement
begins to go up and finally it again
goes at the centre [Fig. (c)]. That is 55 If a simple harmonic oscillator has 57 The composition of two simple
effective length first increases and got a displacement of 0.02 m and harmonic motions of equal periods
then decreases. As T ∝ l , so time
period first increases and then acceleration equal to 2.0 m/s2 at at right angle to each other and
decreases. any time, the angular frequency of with a phase difference of π results
the oscillator is equal to in the displacement of the particle
53 A linear harmonic oscillator of [CBSE AIPMT 1992] along [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
force constant 2 × 10 6 N/m and (a) 10 rad/s (b) 0.1 rad/s (a) circle (b) figure of eight
amplitude 0.01 m has a total (c) 100 rad/s (d) 1 rad/s (c) straight line (d) ellipse
mechanical energy of 160 J. Its Ans. (a) Ans. (c)
[CBSE AIPMT 1996] Time period of body executing SHM is Let the SHM’s be
(a) maximum potential energy is 160 J given by
x = a sinωt …(i)
(b) maximum potential energy is 100 J 2π x
T= =2π …(i) and y = b sin(ωt + π)
(c) maximum potential energy is zero ω a
(d) minimum potential energy is 100 J or y = − b sinωt …(ii)
where, x is displacement of the particle
Ans. (a) and a is acceleration of the particle. From Eqs. (i) and (ii)
x y
The potential energy of a particle From Eq. (i) = sinωt and − = sinωt
executing SHM is given by, a a a b
1 ω= or ω2 = x y b
U = mω 2 x 2 x x ∴ =− or y = − x
2 a b a
Here, a = 2.0 m / s 2
U is maximum, when x = a = amplitude of x = 0.02 m
It is an equation of a straight line.
vibration i.e. the particle is passing from 2.0
the extreme position and is minimum ∴ ω =
2
58 A mass m is suspended from the
when x = 0, i.e. the particle is passing 0.02
two coupled springs connected in
from the mean position or ω2 = 100
series. The force constant for
1
U max = mω2 a 2 …(i) or ω = 10 rad/s springs are k 1 and k 2 . The time
2
period of the suspended mass will
Also, total energy of the particle at 56 A simple pendulum is suspended
be [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
instant t is given by from the roof of a trolley which
moves in a horizontal direction with m
1 (a) T = 2 π
E = mω 2 a 2 …(ii) k 1 −k 2
2 an acceleration α, then the time
So, when E = 160 J, then maximum l mk 1k 2
period is given by T = 2π , (b) T = 2 π
potential energy of particle will also be g k1 + k2
160 J. where g is equal to m
Alternative (c) T = 2 π
[CBSE AIPMT 1991] k1 + k2
(KE) max = (PE) max (a) g (b) g − α
m (k 1 + k 2 )
= Total Mechanical Energy (c) g + α (d) (g 2 + α 2 ) (d) T = 2 π
k 1k 2
So, Total Mechanical Energy = 160 J
Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
54 A particle is subjected to two Problem Solving Strategy Apply vector
formula to determine resultant Problem Solving Strategy Derive an
mutually perpendicular simple acceleration of the both. expression from the given values which
harmonic motions such that its x must be simillar to a = −ω2 x. Then
and y coordinates are given by calculate time period from the values in
π place of ω.
x = 2 sin ωt, y = 2 sin ωt +
4 α
α
The path of the particle will be g′
[CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(a) a straight line (b) a circle g
mg
(c) an ellipse (d) a parabola
Ans. (c) The bob is now under the combined
Here, the phase difference between action of two accelerations, g vertically
π downwards andα along the horizontal.
waves is ⋅ So, the resultant path of
4 ∴ Resultant acceleration
particle will be ellipse. g′ = g 2 + α 2
The situation is shown in figure.
Consider two springs of spring
TOPIC 3 a = a 0 e − bt
where,a 0 = initial amplitude
constants k1 and k2 . Here, the body of Forced, Damped
b = damping constant
weight mg is suspended at the free end Oscillations and a
of the two springs in series combination. Case I t = 100T and a = 0
When the body is pulled downwards Resonance 3
through a little distance y, the two a0 − b ( 100 T )
∴ = a0 e
springs suffer different extensions say y 1 59 The damping force on an oscillator 3
and y 2 . But the restoring force is same in 1
each spring.
is directly proportional to the ⇒ e −100 bT =
velocity. The units of the constant 3
∴ F = − k1 y 1 Case II t = 200T
of proportionality are
and F = − k2 y 2 [CBSE AIPMT 2012] a = a 0 e − bt = a 0 e − b (200 T )
F
y1 = − (a) kg ms −1 (b) kg ms −2 2
= a 0 (e −100 bT ) 2 = a 0 × = 0
or 1 a
k1 (c) kg s −1 (d) kg s 3 9
F
and y 2 = − Ans. (c) Thus, after 200 oscillations, amplitude
k2 Given, 1
will become times.
∴ Total extension, y = y 1 + y 2 Damping force ∝ velocity
9
F F
=− − F ∝v
k1 k2 61 A particle, with restoring force
F
F = kv ⇒ k= proportional to displacement and
k + k2 v
= − F 1
resisting force proportional to
k1 k2 unit of F kg - ms−2
Unit of k = = = kg s−1 velocity is subjected to a force
kk unit of v ms−1
or F = − 1 2 y F sinω t. If the amplitude of the
k1 + k2 particle is maximum for ω = ω 1 , and
60 When a damped harmonic
If k is the spring constant of series oscillator completes 100 the energy of the particle is
combination of springs then oscillations, its amplitude is maximum for ω = ω 2 , then
F = − ky 1 [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
reduced to of its initial value.
kk 3 (a) ω 1 = ω 0 and ω 2 ≠ ω 0
∴ k= 1 2
k1 + k2 What will be its amplitude when it (b) ω 1 = ω 0 and ω 2 = ω 0
If the body is left free after pulling down,
completes 200 oscillations ? (c) ω 1 ≠ ω 0 and ω 2 = ω 0
it will execute SHM of period
[CBSE AIPMT 2002] (d) ω 1 ≠ ω 0 and ω 2 ≠ ω 0
1 2 1 1
m (a) (b) (c) (d) Ans. (c)
T = 2π 5 3 6 9
k In harmonic oscillator, the energy is
Ans. (d) maximum atω2 = ω0 and amplitude is
m ( k1 + k2 )
= 2π In case of damped vibration, amplitude maximum at frequencyω1 < ω0 in the
k1 k2
at any instant t is given by presence of damping, soω1 ≠ ω0 and
ω2 = ω0 .