DEPARTMENT

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

NANOTECHNOLOGY
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND
AND TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY

18PYB101J-Electromagnetic Theory,
18PYB101J –Physics: Electromagnetic Quantum
Theory, QuantumMechanics, Waves
Mechanics, Waves
and Optics
and Optics

Module 3- Lecture-16

Solving Problems

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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
Solved Example

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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
Q16.1: Find the amplitude A of oscillations for a classical oscillator with energy
equal to the energy of a quantum oscillator in the quantum state n.

Solution:-
We obtain

Significance
As the quantum number n increases, the energy of the oscillator and
therefore the amplitude of oscillation increases (for a fixed natural angular
frequency. For large n, the amplitude is approximately proportional to the
square root of the quantum number. 3
18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
Q10.2:-
The HCl diatomic molecule consists of one chlorine atom and one
hydrogen atom. Because the chlorine atom is 35 times more massive than
the hydrogen atom, the vibrations of the HCl molecule can be quite well
approximated by assuming that the Cl atom is motionless and the H atom
performs harmonic oscillations due to an elastic molecular force modeled
by Hooke’s law. The infrared vibrational spectrum measured for hydrogen
chloride has the lowest-frequency line centered at
. What is the spacing between the vibrational energies of this molecule?
What is the force constant k of the atomic bond in the HCl molecule?

Solution:-
The energy spacing is

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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
The force constant is

Significance:
The force between atoms in an HCl molecule is surprisingly strong.
The typical energy released in energy transitions between
vibrational levels is in the infrared range. As we will see later,
transitions in between vibrational energy levels of a diatomic
molecule often accompany transitions between rotational energy
levels.

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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
 Exercise:-
The vibrational frequency of the hydrogen iodide HI diatomic molecule is 6.69×10 ^13 Hz.
(a) What is the force constant of the molecular bond between the hydrogen and the iodine
atoms? (b) What is the energy of the emitted photon when this molecule makes a
transition between adjacent vibrational energy levels?

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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
Exercise :- Interpret the following graph

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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
 Problem:- Electrons are accelerated by 844 Volt and are reflected from a
crystal. The reflection maximum occurs when the glancing angle is 58
degree. Determine the spacing of the crystal .

Solution:-

Using the de Broglie relation, we calculate the wavelength of the electron as

From Bragg's law the inter-planar distance

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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
 Important exercise

In the Davisson-Germer experiment the kinetic energy of electrons incident on the

Nickel crystal was 54 eV and diffracted at angle 65 degree from a parallel set of
planes with d_{Nickel}=.0909 nm. Calculate the wavelength of the electron using
Bragg's Law
and De Broglie relation . . Compare the results.

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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
 Solution:

Using the de Broglie relation for the electron with kinetic energy K the
wavelength is

On applying Bragg's Law

Both calculations for the wavelength of the electrons are matching upto 2
digits of decimal and it is taken as proof of wave nature of electron and hence
de Broglie relation get verified.
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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16
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18PYB101J Module-III Lecture-16