SP Lab Experiment No.

6
Date: 09/05/2022
Name: Anurag
Mahajan Class: TY ET-
C
Roll No.: 12

Title: IIR Low Pass filter using Bilinear Transformation

Hardware used: Laptop

Software used MATLAB

Problem Statement:
Design a digital lowpass Butterworth filter using Bilinear
transformation method to meet the following specifications:

Passband ripple ≤ 1.25 dB, Passband edge

= 200 Hz Stopband attenuation ≥ 15 dB,

Stopband edge = 300 Hz Sampling

frequency = 2 KHz
Theory:
The bilinear transformation is a mapping that transforms jΩ axis into the
unit circle in the z- plane only once, thus avoiding aliasing of frequency
components.
All the points in the LHP of ‘s’ are mapped inside the unit circle in the z-
plane and all points in the RHP of ‘s’ are mapped into corresponding points
outside the unit circle in the z-plane.

Filters:
The most common technique used for designing IIR digital filters involves
first designing an analog prototype filter and then transforming the
prototype to a digital filter. A Butterworth Filter is a
type of Active Filter, where the frequency response of the across its
pass band is relatively flat.

The cut-off frequencies of a digital filter will be tangentially warped

compared with those of the analogue filter from which it was designed. In
order to compensate for this undesirable effect, it is necessary to pre-warp
the required cut-off frequencies before designing the analogue filter. Thus,
the desired set of digital filter cut- off frequencies is determined first.
Finally, an analogue filter is designed with the appropriate warped cut-off
frequencies. Applying the bilinear transformation to this analogue filter
gives a digital filter with the desired cut-off frequencies.

Conclusion:
Thus, a digital low pass Butterworth filter using bilinear
transformation with the given parameters is designed successfully using
MATLAB’s filter design tool. The pole zero plot, the magnitude response
and phase response are plotted using the same tool. The order of designed
filter is 6.

Code:
Filter Design Tool
Result:
Plots:
Pole – Zero Plot

Magnitude Response Plot

Magnitude – Phase Response Plot