Proc. of 2020 7th Int. Conf. on Information Tech.

, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE)

Classification of Big Five Personality Behavior

Tendencies Based On Study Field with Twitter
Analysis Using Support Vector Machine
Denis Eka Cahyani
Department of Informatics
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Surakarta, Indonesia
denis.eka@staff.uns.ac.id
Anas Falih Faishal
Department of Informatics
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Surakarta, Indonesia
anas_ishal@student.uns.ac.id

Abstract— Behavioral tendencies can be seen from the
characteristics or personality. A person's reaction to something
can be seen through Twitter, from words written in tweets, so
that their character or personality can be known. Personality
can change which is influenced by several factors, one of which
is the field of study. The field of study is occupied influencing
environmental factors during the study process, for example in
the study environment during the lecture. Therefore, this study
conducted a Twitter analysis for the classification of Big Five
Personality behavioral tendencies based on the field of study.
Fields of study are grouped into seven groups namely art /
humanities, law, economics, medicine, political science,
psychology, and science. The classification process is carried out
in several scenarios for dividing the amount of tweets data. The
results of the classification with the highest accuracy is in the
data of 300 tweets, with an accuracy value of 80.5% SVM and
82% MNB. Comparison of the Big Five Traits with previous
research has in common for each field of study in addition to
economic.
Keywords—BFI, Big Five Personality, Field of Study, SVM,
Twitter
I. INTRODUCTION
Behavior is a human activity that can be observed and
studied [1]. The dominant aspect of determining a person's
behavior is personality. Personality shows the characteristics
and habits of people in behavior. Personality is owned by a
person since childhood and can change over time because it
is influenced by several factors. Influencing factors such as
Education and environmental factors. One example of
Education and environmental factors that influence
personality is the occupied field of study. Fields of study such
as medical education, or law, influence both education and
the environment [2].
One theory of personality that has been widely studied is
the Big Five Personality. Big Five began to be discovered by
Klages 1926, from 4500 traits that are described into five big
traits [3]. The five traits are Openness, Conscientiousness,
Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN).
Traits in a person can be determined in several ways, one of
which uses a personality test. One of the instruments of the
Big Five Personality is the Big Five Inventory (BFI). BFI is
the Big Five personality test that is the easiest and most
efficient compared to other Big Five tests or instruments. The
advantage of BFI is its short measurement, which saves a lot
of testing time. This will avoid the boredom and fatigue of
the respondents to get maximum results [3].
Besides tests, personality is also seen in the
characteristics of daily life. Nowadays, people's activities can
be seen through social media that they have, such as daily
activities, expression, and issuing opinions. The social media
public information can be used as an observation to find out
personality. Twitter is a social media that is often and widely
used, from the official page kominfo.go.id Indonesia
occupies the top 5 biggest Twitter users in the world [4].
Twitter is the highest bridging social media compared to
Instagram, Facebook, and Snapchat [5]. In tweets written by
Twitter users, information about the behavioral tendencies of
Twitter users can be obtained.
Some research related to Big Five Traits with the field of
study has been widely discussed. Research by [6] discusses
some consistent results that have been summarized with a
systematic review of personality in the fields of study namely
art or humanities, law, economics, medicine, political
science, psychology, and science. In the study [7] built a
personality prediction system from Indonesian Twitter user
information. Evaluation results using 10 fold cross-validation
showed the system achieved the highest average accuracy
with Support Vector Machine 76.2310% and 97.9962% with
XGBoost. Research [8] discusses how information from
Twitter users can be used to describe the personality of the
Big Five. Testing uses the Support Vector Regression
method. The best results with a combined model of social
behavior features and linguistic bigram with the smallest
MAE value of 0.2739. Then research [9] presents a method
of how to predict the personality of Twitter users, with
general information on Twitter profiles. Testing using ZeroR
and Gaussian Process with 10-fold cross-validation yields an
MAE of 11-18% in all five traits. Research by [10]
classifying personality based on the Twitter text using several
classification methods namely MNB, KNN, and SVM with
English and Indonesian language datasets. Accuracy results
obtained are 63% MNB, 60% KNN, and 61% SVM. In
research [11] classification with Twitter data found that
Support Vector Machine (SVM) has a better accuracy value
with a value of 99.89% compared to Multinomial Naïve
Bayes (MNB).
From the discussion presented above, this study will
conduct a Twitter analysis of UNS (Universitas Sebelas
Maret) students to classify behavioral tendencies based on the
field of study with the traits of Big Five Personality. The
classification uses the SVM and MNB methods as a
comparison.
II. STUDY LITERATURE
A. Big Five Personality
The personality dimension of the Big Five model is the
personality structure that has been widely studied and is a
reference for research in measuring a person's personality [9].
Five Big Five factors by Golberg [3] are Extraversion (E)
related to relationships. Extroverted individuals tend to be

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more sociable, friendly, and hospitable. Extraversion is TABLE I. THE BFI ASSESSMENT
characterized by having a tendency to be active, confident, Traits Statement Number
Extraversion 1, 6R, 11, 16, 21R, 26, 31R, 36
dominant, and show more positive emotions. Contrary to Agreeableness 2R, 7, 12R, 17, 22, 27R, 32, 37R, 42
Extraversion, Introversion (I) tends to be quiet, aloof, shy, Conscientiousness 3, 8R, 13, 18R, 23R, 28, 33, 38, 43R
and calm [12]. Neuroticism 4, 9R, 14, 19, 24R, 29, 34R, 39
Agreeableness (A) tends to follow others. Individuals Openness 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35R, 40, 41R, 44
who have Agreeableness have great and cooperative trust. TABLE II. RESEARCH REVIEW OF BIG FIVE [6]
While the negative nature of Agreeableness is a cold Field of Study Big Five Traits
individual, not easy to obey or believe, and antagonistic. Arts/Humanities (+) Neuroticism, Openness, and
Agreeableness has a consistent relationship with social Agreeableness
(-) Conscientiousness
support [12]. Conscientiousness (C) means having a cautious
Psychology (+) Neuroticism, Openness, and
trait, usually having a character that is responsible, persistent, Agreeableness
organized, and reliable. These individuals can be described as Political Science (+) Openness and Extraversion
individuals who are organized, ambitious, focused on Medicine (+) Openness, Extraversion and
achievement, and discipline. Conscientiousness with a high Agreeableness
Economics (+) Extraversion
score indicates hard worker, sensitive, punctual, and Law (+) Extraversion
persevering. Conversely, if the low scores of these Sciences (-) Agreeableness
individuals tend to be lazy, careless, disorganized, give up
easily, and have no purposeful direction [13].
= (1)
Neuroticism (N) is related to emotional stability. If the
score is high, individuals tend to be anxious, emotional, IDF measures how important a term is. When calculating
temperamental, fragile, and self-pitying. Conversely, TF, all terms are considered equally important. But, certain
individuals will feel complacent, gentle, and calm. Openness terms which may appear many times are not as important as
deals with openness such as finding a different and diverse “are”, “from”, etc. So it is calculated using IDF [14]. For the
experience. Usually, individuals who have high scores tend weight of each term or t is obtained from the results of the tf-
to be creative, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded. These idf in Equation 3.
five terms are better known as OCEAN's personality [13].

B. Big Five Inventory = log _ (2)

Big Five Inventory is one of the Big Five Personality

instruments to meet the need for short instruments that
measure prototypical components of the Big Five. BFI
consists of 44 items developed to observe personality ratings.
BFI aims is to make a short inventory that allows flexible and
efficient assessment. One or two characteristic adjectives
serve as the main point that provides clarification or
contextual information. For example one of the BFI items that
became the original trait of Openness “whether original,
emerged with new ideas” and the Conscientiousness trait
“Persevering until the task was completed” [3].
BFI scoring is in points 1 - 5 for each statement. Several
statements represent the negative of the traits that will be
reverse-scores so that those who agree strongly point 1, and
so on. To find out the results of BFI, each point will be
averaged based on traits. The highest average indicates that
the dominant individual has the traits personality. The
statement number on BFI with its trait is shown in Table I
where the number contained 'R' is a reverse-score [3].
C. Field Study
The field of study is the knowledge that is taught and
researched which is recognized by academic journals. In [6]
there are several fields of study with results that are consistent
with personality classifications. The prediction of Traits for
each field of study can be shown in Table II [6].
D. TF-IDF
TF-IDF (Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency)
is the result of IDF multiplication with TF (Frequency Term
in the document) [14]. TF measures how often a term occurs
in a document. each document has a different text length, and
a term will likely appear more in the document length.
= , (3)
E. Support Vector Machine
The basic concept of SVM Classification is to create an
ideal hyperplane in a higher dimensional component space
for mapping information by minimizing risk [15]. The
hyperplane is built using support vectors, data that is closer
to the hyperplane. This data is located at the boundary of the
slice with the first-class called support vector + (positive),
and the second class support vector - (negative). The distance
between support vectors is called the margin, where the
maximum margin indicates a good hyperplane. The equation
of the hyperplane line is as follows
= + (4)
= dimension vector n
= bias term
In the data closest to the hyperlane, a line is drawn as a
support vector (Figure 1), where
( )≥1; class 1 (5)
( )≤ −1; class 2 (6)
If the data cannot be separated linearly, [16] said that it
can map input data to higher dot product dimensions known
as feature space. The input data space is still nonlinear but can
be changed to the feature space and look for the hyperplane.
Fig. 1. SVM Illustration [16]

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Fig. 2. Illustration of mapping input data to feature space [16]
Because of the difficulty of finding the right
transformation function ( ) for a data, it can use a kernel
function that satisfies Mercer's theorem that the resulting
kernel matrix must be positively semi-definite. Kernel
functions commonly used are Linear, Polynomial, Sigmoid,
and Radial Base Function (RBF) [16].
F. Confusion Matrix
Testing in this study uses a confusion matrix. Accuracy
does not distinguish labels correctly in different classes. So
the negative class correctly entered in the calculation [17].
The accuracy value is calculated from Equation 7. Whereas
Precision shows the positive case value is predicted to be a
true positive. Precision is calculated by Equation 8. Recall is
the proportion of Real Positive cases that are correctly
predicted Positive [17]. Recall is calculated by Equation 9.
= (7)
= (8)
= (9)
III. METHODOLOGY
This research methodology consists of data collection,
preprocessing, word weighting, classification, and evaluation.
Figure 3 shows the research method.
Data
PPreprocessing
Word Weighting
Classification
Evaluation
Fig. 3. Research Methodology
A. Data Collection
The research data uses two types of data namely BFI test
data and Twitter crawling data. The data was taken from the
FISIP, FSRD, FKIP, FEB, FH, FK, and FMIPA faculties
UNS students. Data in the form of student self data, twitter
account id, and filling the BFI test questionnaire. The student
data is then grouped based on the field of study into 7 groups,
namely art or humanities, economy, law, medicine, political
science, psychology, and science. BFI test data is used to
determine the traits of the Big Five on each student who was
previously validated by experts from the UNS Psychology
lecturer. BFI test results in the form of scores with a range of
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1 to 5. Then in determining the labeling of each student is
determined by the highest score as a tendency of a trait (high),
the other properties are considered weak (low).
Twitter crawling data is taken by crawling based on the
student account id using the R programming language. The
results of the tweets data are divided into 4 parts classification
scenarios, namely scenario 1 using 30 data tweets on each
account, scenario 2 uses 100 data tweets, scenario 3 uses 300
tweets data, and scenario 4 uses the overall data of the tweets.
Imbalance of the amount on each Twitter account causes a
Scenario of the amount of data tweets performed.
B. Preprocessing
At the text preprocessing stage, the tweets will be
processed in several stages. The first stage is to change all
uppercase letters to lowercase (case folding), delete Twitter
features that are not used in the classification, namely
removing mention tweets, hashtags, and URL links. Then
delete the characters that are not used such as numbers and
punctuation or special characters, eliminating words that are
not meaningful such as conjunctions, and words other than
Indonesian. After that, the slang words are normalized to their
basic form. Finally, the Stemming stage which changes the
affected words into basic words.
C. Word Weighting
The next stage is to weight the terms or words which will
be classified. Word weighting uses TF-IDF which measures
the frequency of terms (Equation 1) and how important a term
is (Equation 2). The result of multiplying the term frequency
with how important a term is word weight (Equation 3).
D. Classification
In the classification stage using two methods, namely
SVM and MNB. Scenario 1 will classify data using SVM
after weighting with TF-IDF. Then Scenario 2 also will
classify data using MNB after weighting with TF-IDF. The
SVM method is used to classify students into 5 class traits,
namely Agreeableness, Openness, Neuroticism,
Conscientiousness, and Extraversion with the highest label
traits as high traits, and the others are considered low. The
stages of classification are shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4. Classification Stage
E. Evaluation TABLE V. THE EXAMPLE OF TEXT PREPROCESSING

After the data is processed and classified, the final stage Text Preprocessing The results of Text Preprocessing
is to evaluate the results of the classification. The evaluation Stage
Case Folding @eventkotasolo ngerasa punya jiwa musik?
in this study uses measurements of accuracy (Equation 7), yuk cus ikutan acara ini :) more info
precision (Equation 8), and recall (Equation 9). In the https://t.co/t4FnAgdr0E #pingfest2015
evaluation stage, the system classification results will be https://t.cp/SCELytdmbo
compared with the questionnaire results that have been Remove mention, ngerasa punya jiwa musik? yuk cus ikutan
hastags and link acara ini :) more info
labeled by humans. Remove number and ngerasa punya jiwa musik yuk cus ikutan
special character acara ini more info’
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Normalization ngerasa punya jiwa musik yuk ikutan acara
The results and analysis of this study are as follows. ini more info
Remove Foreign ngerasa punya jiwa musik yuk ikutan acara
A. Data Collection Word ini
Eliminate stopword ngerasa jiwa musik yuk ikutan acara
The student data collected was 91 students and their Stemming rasa jiwa musik yuk ikut acara
Twitter accounts. The frequency of students for each field of
TABLE VI. EXAMPLE OF TF-IDF
study is 8 art/humanities students, 10 economics students, 6
law students, 26 medicine students, 10 political science Term TF DF IDF TF-IDF
students, 13 psychology students, and 18 science students. T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3
The results of the BFI questionnaire test were validated by Mundur 1 1 0 2 Log(4/2) 0.30 0.30 0
= 0.30
UNS Psychology lecturers. Examples of BFI test score results Tuhan 2 0 0 2 Log(4/2) 0.60 0 0
can be seen in Table III where the highest value on each = 0.30
account's traits shows the dominant traits used to label the Sakit 0 1 1 2 Log(4/2) 0 0.30 0.3
classification. = 0.30 0
Kepala 0 0 2 2 Log(4/2) 0 0 0.6
TABLE III. EXAMPLE OF BFI SCORE RESULT = 0.30
Field of Study ID E A C N O
Arts/Humanities A 3.9 3.2 2.8 4.0 3.4 D. Classification
Economics J 3.3 3.9 3.1 4.1 3.4 SVM classification is performed on each Big Five trait by
Law T 2.4 3.9 3.4 2.8 3.2
Medicine Y 3.8 4.2 3.6 2.1 4.0
dividing data using 10-fold cross-validation. Each trait is
Psychology Y1 2.6 3.7 3.0 3.9 3.2 classified with 4 dataset scenarios namely scenario 1 using 30
Sciences Y2 3.0 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.6 tweets, scenario 2 data 100 tweets, scenario 3 data 300 tweets,
E = Extraversion, A = Agreeableness, C = Conscientiousness and scenario 4 overall data tweets. Examples of classification
N = Neuroticism, O = Openness calculations with SVM with the distribution of vector data on
The total number of tweets obtained from 91 accounts the properties of Extraversion are shown in Figure 5.
totaled 49919 tweets. Table IV shows the frequency
distribution of Students towards Big Five Traits for each
scenario the number of data tweets.
TABLE IV. DISTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS TO BIG FIVE TRAITS
Distribution of Students
Traits
Scen 1 Scen 2 Scen 3 Scen 4
Extraversion 7 5 3 9
Agreeableness 29 21 17 29
Conscientiousness 3 2 1 2
Neuroticism 14 8 5 17
Openness 23 21 14 34 Fig. 5. Examples of Data “Extraversion” Distribution
Total 76 57 40 91
In figure 5 the red line is hyperplane, above the line is the
B. Preprocessing
extraversion class, and below the line is the non-extraversion
The text preprocessing stage consists of seven stages. The class. Points e and f are the closest points to the boundary,
sample data used is “@EventKotaSolo Ngerasa punya jiwa which are then drawn as support vectors.
musik? yuk cus ikutan acara ini :) more info The dot on the hyperplane is a weight vector ( →).
https://t.co/t4FnAgdr0E #pingfest2015 Where → can be known from the difference in points e and
https://t.cp/SCELytdmbo” The example of text preprocessing f.
for one data tweet in Table V. → = (3,3)−(2,1) = ( ,2 ) (10)
C. Word Weighting Then from the Equation (5) (6) generated:
+2 + = −1; with dot e (11)
Weighting uses the TF-IDF method to measure the
3 +6 + = 1; with dot f (12)
frequency and number of terms that appear on tweets. The
The value b is obtained from Equation 12,
following are examples of tweets that will be weighted TF-
= 1−9 (13)
IDF. Examples of words performed by the TF-IDF
The value is obtained from Equations (11) and (13),
calculation, namely “mundur”, “Tuhan”, “sakit”, dan
“kepala” are shown in Table VI. +2 +1−9 = −1
6 =2
=1/3

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So the value b from Equation (13),
= 1− 9 1/3
= −2
The equation ( ) is obtained from Equation (4) and (10) is
( )=1/3 1+2/3 2−2 (14)
Suppose we enter the point b data, we get the value ( )
is 3, which meets the Equation (5) requirements, then the data
b is extraversion class data.
E. Evaluation and Analysis
The test uses several scenarios for the amount of data, Fig. 7. MNB Accuracy Results
namely 30 tweets (scenario 1), 100 tweets (scenario 2), 300
tweets (scenario 3), and overall tweets (scenario 4). Then
testing uses cross-validation to divide each data scenario into
training data and testing data. The cross-validation division
uses 10 iterations of data.
The results of the average value of accuracy in the highest
SVM method in scenario 3 is 80.5% (Figure 8) then scenario
2 is 79.6%, scenario 4 is 79.5%, and scenario 1 is 77.7%. This
shows that data with a lot of tweets that are balanced and have
a better accuracy value. Figure 6 shows that
Conscientiousness traits have high accuracy compared to Fig. 8. Comparison of SVM and MNB Accuracy
other traits in Scenarios 1, 2, 3, or 4. While Agreeableness
traits have the lowest accuracy values in Scenarios 1, 2, and In Precision, scenario 3 has the highest average value with
3. In Scenarios 4, Traits Openness values the lowest accuracy 72% both SVM and MNB. Scenarios 2 and 4 MNB are better
compared to other traits. This is due to the imbalance than SVM (Figure 9). Whereas in Recall scenarios 1 and 2
distribution of data frequencies, where Conscientiousness SVM and MNB have the same values of 78% and 80%
traits have the fewest frequencies, and Agreeableness traits (Figure 10). The highest recall in scenario 3 is SVM with a
have the most frequencies in scenarios 1, 2, and 3 in Table value of 81% and in scenario 4, SVM has a better value with
IV. 79%.

Fig. 6. SVM Accuracy Results Fig. 9. Comparison of SVM and MNB Precision

Furthermore, experiments were also carried out using the

MNB method. The results of MNB in Figure 8 show the same
pattern as SVM where scenario 3 has the highest average
accuracy value of 82%. While the second highest in scenario
4 is 79.3%, then scenario 2 is 78.2%, and scenario 1 is 73.5%.
Figure 7 also shows that conscientiousness traits have the
highest accuracy value compared to other traits, both in
scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Comparison of SVM and MNB accuracy is the result of
SVM and MNB having almost the same pattern, with Fig. 10. Comparison of SVM and MNB Recall
scenario 3 having the highest average accuracy value and the
lowest average accuracy value in scenario 1 (Figure 8). In A comparison of research results with Anna Vedel's
scenarios 1 and 2 the average value of SVM accuracy is research [6] has almost the same distribution of properties for
higher at 77.7% and 79.6% compared to MNB with 73.5% each field of study. The field of economic studies in the data
and 78.2%, while in scenario 3 the average value of MNB obtained has a different nature from the results of the Vedel
accuracy is higher by 82% compared to SVM with 80.5%. review research because the data obtained from the field of
This shows that SVM works better on fewer data and can economy studies are limited to a small amount of data and
work well with less knowledge compared to MNB. there are no accounts in the field of economic studies that
have extraversion traits. Table VII shows the comparison

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traits of each field study between the Results of Anna Vedel Future research can reduce the limits for the dataset, for
and Questionnaire. example the addition of case studies of university students in
TABLE VII. COMPARISON TRAITS OF EACH FIELD OF STUDY
Surakarta or Indonesia and the duration of data collection.
Field of Study Results of Results of Similarity Furthermore, further research can compare personality
Anna Vedel Questionnaire parameters other than Big Five Personality such as Dark Trait
[6] Personality, personality labeling with the direction of
Art/Humanities Neuroticism, Neuroticism, Neuroticism, Psychologist experts, and other features to determine a
Openness, Openness, Openness,
Agreeableness Agreeableness, Agreeableness person's personality.
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tweets. In the Precision and Recall values scenario 3 has the ROC, Informedness, Markedness and Correlation. Journal of Machine
highest value with a Precision value of 72% both SVM and Learning Technologies, volume 2, issue 1, pp.37–63, 2011.
MNB, while the highest Recall value with SVM is 81%.
Behavioral tendencies of Big Five Personality have a
significant difference to the field of study occupied and most
of the behavioral tendencies of Big Five Personality are in
accordance with previous research that is a reference.

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