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320D System Operation
320D System Operation
Illustration 1 g01153519
Engine Speed Dial
Illustration 2 g01215943
(12) Machine ECM
(32) Monitor
The Machine ECM converts the signal from the "engine speed dial" into a signal that is pulse width modulated (PWM). The information is then sent
to the engine ECM over the Cat Data Link (CDL).
The engine speed dial (14) is divided into ten positions. The dial position is displayed on the character display of the monitor panel. The speed of
the engine with no load for each dial position is shown in the following chart.
7 1700 92
8 1800 92
9 1900 92
10 1980 100
Table 1
Self-Diagnostic Function
The Machine ECM ( (12)) is a self-diagnostic component. The machine ECM monitors the inputs and the outputs. The Machine ECM also monitors
for system for problems (warnings) that occur during the operation of the machine. The Machine ECM will display a system warning that is
generated or a problem that has been detected via the self-diagnostic function, on the monitor ( (32)). Refer to illustration 2.
Note: A log file is kept for the warnings. The log file contains the time and the number of occurrences of each warning.
Illustration 3 g01215945
(1) Switch Panel
The AEC will lower the engine speed if no load on the machine continues for approximately 5 seconds. This process is designed to reduce the
noise and fuel consumption. The AEC has settings in two stages. The AEC can be set by the switch on the right console. The indicator of the
switch will illuminate during the second setting of the AEC. The second setting of the AEC is available immediately after the engine start switch is
turned to the ON position. The AEC can be set in the first stage and the second stage by alternately pressing the switch.
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Note: When the main backup switch (22) is turned to the ON position (Manual), the "AEC" function is disabled.
Illustration 4 g01215947
(12) Machine ECM
When the one-touch low idle switch (15) is pressed and the machine is not under a load, the engine speed can be lowered by more than the speed
of the setting of the second stage of the AEC. When normal operations have resumed, the engine speed for the dial setting will return the
corresponding RPM.
The engine speed is different after the switch has been released. The different speed will depend on the conditions of the release.
1. The engine speed will be set to the setting of the engine speed dial, when the feature for one-touch low idle has been released by an
operation of the implement, swing, and so on.
2. The engine speed will be set by the AEC. The speed will be set when the one-touch low idle has been released. The engine speed will be
affected by the following conditions:
a. When the first setting of the AEC is selected, the engine speed will be set to the speed of the first setting of the AEC. The speed is
approximately 100 rpm lower than the setting of the engine speed dial.
b. When the second AEC is selected, the engine speed will be set to the speed of the setting of the second AEC. The speed is
approximately 1300 rpm.
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c. Engine speed will be set to the speed of the engine speed dial if the engine speed is lower than the setting of the second AEC. The
setting of this speed is not based on a setting of the AEC.
Illustration 5 g06020392
This function is designed to prevent the engine from starting at a high speed during a condition of low oil pressure. For example, after the engine oil
filter is replaced, the engine may need to run for a short time to fill the oil filter. During this time, the oil pressure of the engine will remain low.
Note: Engine damage may occur if the engine runs at a high-speed dial position and the oil pressure of the engine is low.
The engine speed will be limited to the position of 5, if the engine oil pressure switch is open. The engine will start at the speed of the number 5
position.
Illustration 6 g06020401
This function is designed to prevent damage to the engine that is caused by overspeed during an overheating condition. The Engine ECM receives
input from the "coolant temperature sender" and the Engine ECM communicates this information to the Machine ECM. The Machine ECM receives
the input from the hydraulic oil temperature sender.
If the Machine ECM senses an overheating condition is in process, the Machine ECM will send a signal to the "Power Shift PRV" solenoid to
destroke the hydraulic pump. A signal will also be sent from the Machine ECM to the Engine ECM to reduce the speed of the engine.
The engine speed will be decreased to the second setting of the AEC (1300 rpm).
Work that requires high pressure will be restricted during an overheating condition. The engine and other components are protected during this
condition.
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Illustration 7 g06020454
When the conditions of the climate are cold and the temperature of the hydraulic oil is low, the machine may not operate smoothly.
A signal is sent from the hydraulic oil temperature sensor to the Machine ECM to monitor the temperature of the hydraulic oil.
The output of the pump will decrease by a small amount. This action allows the operations to be smoother until the temperature of the oil rises.
When the hydraulic oil temperature sensor has detected an oil temperature below 15 °C (59 °F), the system limits hydraulic pump output pressure
to 80% of maximum hydraulic horsepower.
When the hydraulic oil temperature sensor detects an oil temperature that has risen above 20 °C (68 °F), normal control of the hydraulic oil will
begin again.
Pump Regulation
Illustration 8 g06020457
The power shift pressure is fixed for the positions of 1 through 9. The positions of 1 through 4 of the engine speed dial have a different power shift
pressure for each setting. The engine speed dial will set the desired RPM, which will produce the desired flows. The positions of 7 through 9 of the
engine speed dial have a common power shift pressure that is fixed. The positions 1 through 9 use engine speed, the position of the engine speed
dial, and the pump pressure to set a fixed output. The output is fixed until a decrease of 250 RPM below the target RPM. At an RPM of 250 below
the target RPM, the engine ECM will adjust the power shift pressure to maintain engine RPM within 250 RPM of the target RPM.
The underspeed condition is associated with a position of 10 of the engine speed dial. The 10 position of the engine speed dial is used when a
large amount of horsepower is required or a high travel speed is requested. An underspeed feature is necessary when the engine is being
operated at a maximum horsepower. The underspeed feature will maintain the speed of the engine at maximum power. The machine ECM reads
the engine speed and the machine ECM will adjust the power shift pressure to regulate the engine speed. The machine ECM controls the power
shift pressure in the underspeed condition. The engine maintains a speed of approximately 1800 rpm to achieve the maximum horsepower.
Therefore, when the engine speed is higher than the full load speed, the output of the pump will increase and the power shift pressure will
decrease. Also, when the engine speed is lower than the target speed, the output of the pump will decrease and the power shift pressure will
increase.
The horsepower of the engine may decrease under the following conditions:
The machine ECM will decrease the output of the pump and increase the power shift pressure to reduce the load on the engine without reducing
the engine speed. This condition occurs if the speed of the engine decreases below full load speed.
Illustration 9 g01924629
The Engine ECM monitors the temperature sensors of the engine coolant and the inlet air manifold. The Machine ECM monitors the temperature
sensor for the hydraulic oil.
Based on the values of these sensors the Machine ECM will vary the amount of current to the electronic control coil of the fan.
As the current to the "fan control" coil is increased, increased magnetic flux produces a rotational movement to the "fluid control valve" armature.
As the fluid control valve rotates, the valve arm closes the large hole in the fluid reservoir allowing less fluid to flow into the working chamber of the
visconic fan clutch. The increase in magnetic flux to the fluid valve armature causes the armature to rotate as the outer blades of the armature try
to align with the steel bars in the reservoir cover.
A fan speed map within the software of the Machine ECM will compare temperature sensor readings with the desired fan speed map and plot
target fan speed according to engine rpm and current fan speed.
If only one sensor is reporting high temperature, or a need for increased cooling, the Machine ECM will reduce the current to the fan control coil by
a predetermined percentage of the fan speed map, and the fan speed will increase.
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Illustration 10 g06020462
The inputs for the cooling fan speed are monitored by the Machine ECM and the Engine ECM. The Machine ECM detects the temperature of the
hydraulic oil. The Engine ECM detects the temperature of the engine coolant and the temperature at the Intake Manifold. A target speed for the
cooling fan is assigned for each engine speed based on the output of the various temperature sensors. The target values for the maximum fan
speeds are assigned by software designed for the 330D/336D machine models.
The Machine ECM monitors the temperature inputs to provide a signal to the (proportional) fan pump pressure control solenoid. Maximum flow is
sent to the fan motor, causing the fan to turn at the maximum software controlled rpm, when the solenoid receives minimum current from the
Machine ECM.
When maximum fan speed is required, the fan pump pressure control solenoid is de-energized according to the temperature input, causing the fan
to turn at a faster speed. Maximum controlled fan speed is attained when the fan pump pressure control solenoid receives the least amount of
current from the Machine ECM.
If communication is lost between the Machine ECM and the "fan pump pressure control" solenoid, the fan will default to the maximum mechanical
pressure setting (high-pressure cutoff). This action results in a higher system pressure of approximately 31000 kPa (4500 psi). This pressure is
higher than the maximum pressure that is controlled through the software. The fan speed is also higher than the maximum fan speed that is
normally controlled through the software.
Cat ET or the monitor can be used to check or to calibrate the fan speed. Refer to the 330D/336D Test and Adjust manual for the calibration
procedures.
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Illustration 11 g01216045
(1) Switch Panel
Illustration 12 g01159856
"Travel Mode Selector" switch-on Switch Panel
Travel Mode selector switch- The "Travel Mode Selector" switch and travel mode indicators (tortoise and rabbit) are on the switch panel. When
the "Travel Mode Selector" switch is pressed, the travel mode can be set to the rabbit mode or set to the tortoise mode. The indicator (tortoise or
rabbit) will be illuminated to show the travel mode that is chosen.
Automatic travel speed change function- The travel speed will automatically be set to the LOW (tortoise) speed when the machine is first turned
on. To select the HIGH (rabbit) speed mode, press the "Travel Mode Selector" switch. Although the circuit pressure at the pump output remains
below a certain range, the machine will travel in the HIGH (rabbit) speed. The output pressure of the pump increases as the load on the machine
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increases. When the output pressure increases to a certain high level, the machine will automatically shift to travel in the LOW (tortoise) speed
mode. The machine will automatically return to the HIGH (rabbit) speed mode when the pump output pressure decreases to the predetermined
range.
The "Automatic Travel Speed Change" function allows the machine to adjust speeds without direct operator input. The machine will travel at HIGH
(rabbit) speed under a light load. The machine will travel at LOW (tortoise) speed under a heavy load. This function ensures that the machine has
high mobility and a high drawbar pull.
The travel speed will remain in LOW (tortoise) speed mode while the machine is in the heavy lift mode.
When the travel is set to the tortoise mode, the travel is set at low speed and does not change.
Illustration 13 g01216047
(1) Switch Panel
This machine is equipped with a swing lock system that is hydraulically controlled. The system circuit for the "swing lock control" provides control
for the swing motor, the swing brake, the fine swing function, and the backup system of the machine.
The "swing brake release" is controlled by the hydraulic activation lever (45). When the hydraulic activation control lever (45) is moved to the
locked position, the swing brake is applied. The swing brake solenoid is energized to release the swing brake. The swing brake solenoid (23) is de-
energized approximately 6.5 seconds after all levers and pedals are returned to NEUTRAL position.
The swing brake is released immediately on the operation of any of the following: boom, stick, bucket, swing, and an attachment.
If the main backup switch is placed in the Manual position, then the swing brake is electrically released.
Fine swing function (optional) is designed to open a hydraulic circuit between the A and B ports of the swing motor for smooth start and stop
operation in swing movement.
The machine ECM detects operation of the fine swing switch to release the swing brake.
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Illustration 14 g01216238
(1) Switch Panel
Illustration 15 g01159919
"Heavy Lift Mode" switch-on Switch Panel
Refer to illustrations 14 and 15. Press the "Heavy Lift" switch on the "Switch Panel", to turn the heavy lift mode ON or OFF. When the heavy lift
mode is turned ON, the indicator will illuminate. When the heavy lift mode is turned ON, the main relief pressure increases from 35 MPa (5100 psi)
to 36 MPa (5200 psi). However, due to the flow restriction, the maximum engine speed is limited at the speed equivalent to engine speed dial
position 6 which is approximately 1600 rpm. The hydraulic output is restricted at 64%.
Tool Control
When an attachment tool is being operated, the engine speed and the pump flow are controlled according to the type of tool. For more information,
refer to the appropriate service manual for the tool control of the machine that is being serviced.
Selection Of A Tool
There are five preprogrammed tools. The operator selects the tool. The monitor is used to make the selection. The following items are examples of
some parameters which can be adjusted to accommodate a particular tool:
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When the tool is deactivated, the speed of the engine will return to the actual speed of the setting of the engine speed dial.
When the attachment tool is being operated, the AEC and the one touch low idle are released.
Note: If the programmed value is higher than the engine speed dial indicator, the engine speed will not be raised.
This process results in better simultaneous operation of the tool and operation of the implement.
Backup System
Illustration 16 g01649056
The “Backup System” has been installed to allow manual control for the operator for a limited number of machine functions so to move a machine if
other machine functions have failed.
The main backup switch is located to the right rear of the console. When the main backup switch is turned to the MAN position, the viscous fan
speed is set to maximum, the power to the Machine ECM is removed and the "Limited Mobility Mode" is activated. (See operator display above.)
The hydraulic flow of the machine is greatly reduced however the joysticks and the travel pedal will continue to function. Despite limited flow from
the pump of the machine, the operator will be able to move the machine or the implements of the machine for a limited amount of time. The engine
speed dial on the switch panel of the right console does not function. The engine speed can be adjusted by the speed switches that are located to
the right rear of the console. Currently, the AEC and the low idle switch will not function. The Monitoring System will display the message "LIMITED
MOBILITY MODE" on the Monitoring System and the Monitoring System will sound the action alarm. The backup switch provides the minimum
machine functions. The "Limited Mobility Mode" allows the operator to maneuver the machine to the shop when the Machine ECM has failed.
Excavating operations are not possible if the machine is in the "Limited Mobility Mode".
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When the hydraulic system is disabled due to a stopped engine or the hydraulic activation control lever is moved to the locked position, the swing
brake will be applied.
Monitoring System
The monitoring system is an input and an output of the Machine Control System. The Machine Control System communicates back and forth on
the CAN Data Link. The monitoring system consists of the following components: display with numerous screens and menus, keypad, indicators,
and gauges. These components will be described throughout this manual.
The monitoring system informs the operator of the status of the machine. The monitoring system includes a graphic display that allows the operator
to view information that pertains to machine functions. Refer to Illustration 17.
Illustration 17 g01159235
Monitoring System Display
(55) Action Lamp
(56) Clock
(57) Engine
Speed Dial Indicator
(61) Keypad
The monitoring system display will display various warnings and information about the condition of the machine. The monitoring system display has
3 gauges and several alert indicators. Each gauge is dedicated to a parameter within a machine system. The monitoring system will allow the user
to do the following:
View parameters
Perform calibrations
Some of the possible parameters of the machine systems are listed: fuel level, engine coolant temperature, and hydraulic oil temperature. The
gauges receive information from sensors or senders that are connected to the ECM. The ECM uses the information from each sensor input to
calculate the value that is shown on the gauges.
The alert indicators will notify the operator of an abnormal condition in a machine system. The ECM uses information from pressure switches,
sensors, and other inputs to determine when an abnormal condition is present. The ECM will send a message to the monitoring system display.
Then, the monitoring system will display a pop-up alert indicator for the machine system with the abnormal condition.
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Illustration 18 g01159236
Keypad
(62) Up
key
(69) OK key
The keypad (61) is used to provide input and to navigate through the menu structure of the monitoring system. Refer to Illustration 18.
A3R1-UP, A6F1-UP, A8F1-UP, A9F1-UP, AWN1-UP, AZP1-UP, B6H1-UP, BFC1-UP, BTK1-UP, BWW1-UP, BYM1-UP, BYS1-UP, BZF1-UP, BZP1-
UP, C3N1-UP, C4H1-UP, C5K1-UP, C7K1-UP, C8L1-UP, C9M1-UP, CJM1-UP, CJX1-UP, CWG1-UP, CXY1-UP, CYD1-UP, CYW1-UP, CYZ1-UP,
CZF1-UP, D3D1-UP, DBH1-UP, DC81-UP, DCJ1-UP, DFP1-UP, DHE1-UP, DHK1-UP, DJF1-UP, DKW1-UP, DTS1-UP, DTZ1-UP, E4K1-UP, EAH1-
UP, EAX1-UP, EBM1-UP, EBY1-UP, EDX1-UP, EFT1-UP, EJC1-UP, EJT1-UP, ELR1-UP, ERK1-UP, ERN1-UP, FAL1-UP, FAR1-UP, FFK1-UP,
FXK1-UP, GBC1-UP, GBR1-UP, GDC1-UP, GDP1-UP, GGE1-UP, GGH1-UP, GKL1-UP, GKS1-UP, GMX1-UP, GPB1-UP, GPK1-UP, GTF1-UP,
GTN1-UP, H3D1-UP, H3K1-UP, H3N1-UP, HAS1-UP, HHK1-UP, HJC1-UP, J2F1-UP, J6D1-UP, J8D1-UP, J9D1-UP, JAT1-UP, JBF1-UP, JBT1-UP,
JFZ1-UP, JGK1-UP, JGZ1-UP, JHJ1-UP, JJG1-UP, JJM1-UP, JKR1-UP, JLG1-UP, JLP1-UP, JLS1-UP, JPD1-UP, JRX1-UP, JTN1-UP, JZA1-UP,
JZR1-UP, KBE1-UP, KBZ1-UP, KCR1-UP, KDG1-UP, KDJ1-UP, KGF1-UP, KHN1-UP, KJR1-UP, KKT1-UP, KLM1-UP, KTF1-UP, KZF1-UP, L2K1-
UP, L5G1-UP, L5H1-UP, L5K1-UP, L5X1-UP, L5Z1-UP, LAB1-UP, LAL1-UP, LAM1-UP, LEM1-UP, LFL1-UP, LRM1-UP, M3M1-UP, M3N1-UP, M4T1-
UP, MCH1-UP, MCL1-UP, MDE1-UP, MDS1-UP, MDT1-UP, MEY1-UP, MGG1-UP, MKR1-UP, MNB1-UP, MND1-UP, MPG1-UP, MPL1-UP, MWP1-
UP, MYG1-UP, MYP1-UP, MZD1-UP, NAC1-UP, NAS1-UP, NBD1-UP, NBN1-UP, NDE1-UP, NES1-UP, NZF1-UP, PAL1-UP, PBD1-UP, PBE1-UP,
PBM1-UP, PCM1-UP, PCX1-UP, PEL1-UP, PHX1-UP, PJM1-UP, PKE1-UP, PPN1-UP, PRF1-UP, PTB1-UP, PYT1-UP, R2D1-UP, RAC1-UP, RAS1-
UP, RJK1-UP, RMX1-UP, RSK1-UP, SCR1-UP, SCY1-UP, SDC1-UP, SED1-UP, SPN1-UP, SRT1-UP, SWF1-UP, SYM1-UP, T2D1-UP, T2S1-UP,
T2Y1-UP, TAE1-UP, TDH1-UP, THJ1-UP, TLY1-UP, TPM1-UP, TRH1-UP, TSN1-UP, TXA1-UP, TZL1-UP, W3K1-UP, WBC1-UP, WBN1-UP, WDC1-
UP, WDK1-UP, WET1-UP, WGC1-UP, WLT1-UP, WNE1-UP, WRK1-UP, XBH1-UP, XCK1-UP, XDB1-UP, YCF1-UP, YDS1-UP, YFW1-UP, YSD1-UP,
ZCT1-UP, ZGB1-UP, ZMF1-UP, ZML1-UP
PSP-0002B78B
2022/01/31
22:59:55+07:00
i02412692
Caterpillar:
Confidential Green
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