Remote Wake-Up refers to remotely turning on a networked computer by

sending a network message (called a magic packet) that contains the MAC
address of the computer. On receipt, the computer initiates the system
wake-up. The computer receiving the magic packet does not need to be left
“on,” as was the case before Remote Wake-Up became available; so IP
personnel no longer have to manually turn “on” networked computers, or
remind employees to do so, before remotely checking, configuring, installing
software or other tasks. This feature is included in Intel’s Wired for
Management (WfM) network specification.

Generally, Remote Wake-Up will only work if magic packets are sent from a
computer on the same local area network (LAN) or within the current
network subnet. However, there are exceptions making it possible to
remotely wake-up a computer from outside its LAN.

The Remote Wake-Up feature goes by many names, including: wake on LAN
(WOL), wake on WAN, wake up on LAN, power On By LAN, power Up By
LAN, resume by LAN and resume on LAN.

For computers communicating via WiFi, the wake on wireless LAN”

(WoWLAN) supplementary standard must be used.

Techopedia Explains Remote Wake-Up (RWU)

Remote Wake-Up is independent of the operating system, or network
interface card (NIC), used by the computer. Support for this feature is
implemented on the motherboard (in the BIOS) along with the network
interface or firmware. However, some operating systems can control the
operation with hardware drivers.

The magic packets use the data link layer in the OSI model as they are sent
to all NICs using the network broadcast address. The magic packet does not
provide any delivery confirmation signal back to the sending computer.

For Remote Wake-Up to function, there are parts of the network/computer

interface that need to remain powered, even though the computer is shut
off; and some power is consumed for this purpose, as long as the computer i