Unit-II Column subjected to biaxial moments & Footing under uniaxial moment

6. Check for adequacy of the section

Question 1: Design the reinforcement to be provided in a short column 400 x
600 mm carrying a factored load of 1500 kN along with factored bending
R Puz =0 .45 x 20x400x600+ (0.75*415-0.45*20}*2880 = 3030.5 kN
Pu/PUz = 0.495; a = 1+(1/0.6}*0.295 = 1.49
moments of 200 kNm and 100 kNm about major and minor axes respectively. / Mux\ , f Muy\
The unsupported lengths of column are 5 m and 4.8 m respectively in major Check for adequacy -> ( - + ( — —} <^ 1
\Muxl/ \MuylJ
R
and minor axis directions. Assume one end is fixed and other ende hinged. 1-49

UseM20andFe415. V288/
(—}
V192/
= 0.96 < 1 Safe

1. Effective lengths: p 7. Main (longitudinal) steel

lex = 0.8x5000 = 4000mm & ley = 0.8x4800 = 3840 mm Main steel = 0.12*400*600/100 = 2880 mm2
Provide 4 Nos of 25 mnuft, Asc balance = 2880-4*491 = 916 mm2.
2. Short or long column Try remaing 16 mm dia, 916/201 = 4.5 say 6 nos
lex/D = 4000/600 = 6.667 ; ley/b = 3840/400 = 9.6 S Provide 4 x 25(ft + 6 x 16(j>
3 I'
lex/D < 12 & ley < 12., Hence short column [25.1.2] I
a! 8. Transverse Reinforcement:
3. Minimum eccentricity & Limit for axially loaded [25.4 & 39.3] Dia = 25/4 =6.2 5 or 6 -> say 8 mrntj)
About Major / stiffer axis Spacing = 16 * 20 = 320
Lex/500 + D/30 = 5000/500 + 600/30 = 30 mm or 20 mm -> 30 mm Least lateral dim. = 400
Design e = 200/1500 =0.133m = 133mm >30
= 300 - provide at 300 c/c
& 133 > 0.05D (30mm) - not axially loaded
About minor / slender axis Provide 8 mm ties @ 300 c/c
Ley/500 + b/30 = 4800/500 + 400/30 = 22.93 mm or 20 mm -» 22.93 mm
Design e = 100/1500 =0.067 m = 67mm >22.93 9. Detailing:
& 67 > 0.05b (20mm) - Eccentrically loaded 48 x <jrt = 384mm; 300/2 «150 > 75 & 500/3 w 166 > 75
C
4. Assumption of percentage of steel
Assume percentage of steel, pas 1.2%; p/fck = 0.06
Asc = 0.012*400*600 = 2880
5. Maximum uniaxial moment capacities: N!
Pu/fck bD = 1500xl03/(20x400x600) = 0.3125
a|
Major axis:
d'/D - 50/600=0.08333* 0.1 From chart 44 g!
Mu/fckbd2 - 0.1; Muxl = 0.1 X20x400x6002 = 288 kNm Pj Q 0
Minor Axis:
d'/D = 50/400=0.125* 0.1 From chart 44
ui
Mu/fckbd2 =0 .1; Muyl = 0.1 X20x600x4002 = 192 kNm r;

11 I P a g e RVRK Prasad, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 2: Design the reinforcement to be provided in the short column is 4. Assume p = 1.75 % ; p/fck =0.07
subjected to Pu = 2000 kN, Mux = 130 kNm (@ major principal axis) and Asc = 0.0175*400*500 = 3500
Muy = 120 kNm (@ minor principal axis). The unsupported length of the vi 5.
column is 3.2 m, width b = 400 mm and depth D = 500 mm. Use M 25 and Fe
415 for the design R; FromPu/fck bD = 2000x!0 /(25x400x500)= 0.4
3

chart 44; Mu/fckbd2 =0 .09;

K; Muxl = 0.09 X25x400x500 2 = 225 kNm
1. Effective lengths: End conditions not given | From chart 44; Mu/fckbd2 =0 .09;
2. Short or long column: Given that it is a short column = 0.09X25x500x4002= 180 kNm

3. Minimum eccentricity & Axially/Eccentrically loaded [25.4 & 39.3] r; 6. Puz =0 .45 x 25x400x500+ (0.75*415-0.45*25)*3500 = 3300 kN
About Major / stiffer axis ai Pu/PUz = 0.606; a = 1+(1/0.6)*0.406 = 1.68
lex/500 + D/30 = 3200/500 + 500/30 = 23.067 mm or 20 mm -» 23.067 mm I
/i^n\^-^^ /i ?n\^'^^
Design e = 130/2000 =0.065m = 65 mm > 23.067 (min e) s; Check for adequacy-*- ( —) +(—) - 0.904 < 1 Safe
\225J \IBOJ
& 65 > 0.05D (25 mm) - Eccentrically loaded a! 7. Main (longitudinal) steel
About minor / slender axis
ley/500 + b/30 = 3200/500 + 400/30 = 19.73 mm or 20 mm -» 20 mm
di Provide 20 mm(t>, No of bars = 11.14 say 12
Design e = 120/2000 =0.06 m = 60mm > 20 8. Transverse Reinforcement:
& 60 > 0.05b (20mm) - Eccentrically loaded
Dia = 20/4 = 5 or 6 -> 6 mm
Spacing = 16* 20 - 320
4. Assumption of percentage of steel
Least lateral dim. = 400
Assume percentage of steel, pas 1.5%; p/fck = 0.06
Asc = 0.015*400*500 = 3000 = 300 -> provide at 300 c/c
Provide 6 mm ties @ 300 c/c
5. Maximum uniaxial moment capacities:
Pu/fck bD = 2000x103/(25x400x500) = 0.4
c 9. Detailing:
Major axis: d'/D = 50/500= 0.1 From chart 44 Eii 48 x <j)t = 288mm; 300/2 «150 >75 & 400/4 * 100>75
Mu/fckbd2 =0 .08; Muxl = 0.08 X25x400x5002 = 200 kNm i
Minor Axis: d'/D = 50/400=0.125* 0.15 From chart 44 N;
Mu/fckbd2 =0 .07; Muyl = 0.08X25x500x4002 = 160 kNm
ai o
6. Check for adequacy of the section
Puz =0 .45 x 25x400x500+ (0.75*415-0.45*25)*3000 = 3150 kN
Pu/PUz = 0.635; a = 1+(1/0.6)*0.435 = 1.725
U;
-. Mux\ i
Check for adequacy -' I <1
1 "7"> C
. / i -J
1 TJ C
X * T r t \ l . / £ J
\MuxlJ \Muyl r; o
4^) + —) =1.08>1 UnSafe
\200
V*'
*
12 | P a g e RVRK Prasad, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur.
 Long / Slender Columns:
When lex/D or ley/b exceeds 12, additional moments to take care of buckling
P D nei\ pub ney\
should be taken into account. Max = -^— (-^ 1 & May = —— \-r)
The additional moments may be reduced by the factor, k; K
1. A column may be considered braced in a given plane if lateral stability to
the structure as a whole is provided by walls or bracing or buttressing
designed to resist all latexal forces in that plane. It should otherwise be
considereads unbmced.
2. In the case of a braced column without any transverse loads occurring in
its height, the additional moment shall be added to an initial moment equal to
sum of 0.4 Mul, and 0.6 Mu2, where Mu2, is the larger end moment and
Mul, is the smaller end moment (assumed negative if the column is bent in
double curvature). In no case shall the initial moment be less than 0.4 Mu2,
nor the total moment including the initial moment be less than Mu2,. For
unbraced columns, the additional moment shall be added to the end moments.
3. Unbraced compression members, at any given level or storey, subject to
lateral load are usually constrained to deflect equally. In suth cases
slenderness ratio for each column may be taken as the average for all columns
acting in the same direction.
•-- Question 3. Determine the reinforcement required for a 350 x 450 mm braced
Rl column against sidesway. Effective lengths lex and ley = 7.0 and 6.0 m,
y; respectively; unsupported length / = 8 m; factored load Pu ~ 1700 kN;
! factored moments @ major axis 70 kNm at top and 30 kNm at bottom;
R; factored moments about minor axis 60 kNm at top and 30 kNm at bottom.
i^ The column is bent in double curvature. Reinforcement will be distributed
i equally on four sides. Use MOO and Fe 415
; Isolated column footings:
"
a
ai
dj
Concentric Footing Eccentric Footing
Question 4: Design a Shallow footing subjected to vertical load along with
moment. Design a column footing to carry a vertical load of 400 kN (DL+LL)
and moment of 10 kN-m. SBC of soil is 200 kN/m2. Use M20 & Fe 415. The
D: size of column is 250 x 300 mm with 4 - 16<Jt bars
Solution;

E: (I) Design of concentric footing:

1. Dimensions of footing:- 0.95 330 0.95
Max. soil pressure =(P/A)+(M/Z)
N: = (400/LB)+(10x6/BL2) < SBC

Let B= 1.5m
(400/1.5L)+(60/1.5L 2 )< 200
(400/1.5L)+(60/1.5L 2 )= 200
Qfflf'.'ID Sum
(400/L)+(60/L2) = 300
300L2-400L-60 =0
Unbraced column Braced column L-L47
29 L.3225
Let B = 1m
13 | P a g e RVRK Prasad, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur.
(400/L)+(60/L2) < 200
R
0.5 fck 1 4.6 Mu
(400/L)+(60/L2) = 200 V; Azt — 1 i bd
200L2-400L-60=0
R; fy r fck b d2
L = 2.14
Provide 1 m x 2.2 m
2. Factored Soil pressures
K! I
Ast =
10
415
1
\6
^
1
20xlOOOx4502
1000x450 = 826mm2
p; Ast, min = 85/415= 0.2048 % -»0.002048x 1000x450 =922
qmin= 1.5[ (P/A)-(M/Z) ]=1.5[(400/2.2)-(10x6/4.84)] = 254.1315 kN/m2
qmax=1.5 [ (P/A)+(M/Z)] =1.5[(400/2.2)+(10x6/4.84)] =291.3225 kN/m2
r ii Try 10 mm<j> bars, No of bars = 922/78.5 =11.7 say 12 bars
q at any section, qx = 291.3225 -(37.191/2.2)( x) =291.3225 -16.905 x a! 6. Lateral bending: Consider 1m width
Off set = (l-0.25)/2 = 0.375m
3. Check for one way shear (wide beam shear) Max BM = 291.3225x0.3752/2 = 20.484 kNm /m
Critical section @ d from face of column 10 4.6x20.484xl06
Assume D = 500 and d = 450mm Ast = 1 1 1000x450 = 126mm2
415 ^ 20xlOOOx450 2
Soil pressure @ 0.95 - 0.45 = 0.5m from right end = 291.3225 - 16.905x0.5
= 282.87 kN/m2 Provide min steel of 1024 mm2
Max SF = (Ix0.5)[0.5(282.87+291.3225 )] = 143.548 kN Spacing of 12 mm^ -» 1000x113 /1024 =110 mm c/c
Shearstress,T = l43,548/(1000x450)=0.319 N/m2 < 0.32 ( TC for 0.20% )
Kj 7. Development length
4. Check for two way shear (punching shear) ri Ld = <K0.87fy)/4tbd = <j> 0.87x415/(4xl.6xl.2) = 47<|» = 470 mm
Critical section @ d/2 from face of column
Soil pressure @ 0.95 - 0.225 = 0.725m from right end K! I
Provided = 950 + 300 = 1250 mm

= 291.3225 -16.905x0.725 =279.066 kN/m2 c 8. Transfer of load at base of column

Soil pressure @ 0.95 +0.3+ 0.225 = 1.475m from right end
= 291.3225 -16.905xl.475 =266.388 kN/m2
EJ ForAl-> 0.25 + 4*0.45 = 2.05 && 0.3 + 4*0.45=2.1
V(Al/A2) = V(lx2.1)/(0.25x0.3)=5.29>2
Max SF = 600 - (0.7x0.75)0.5(266.388 +279.066) = 456.818 kN
Shear stress, T = 456,818 /(2900x450) = 0.35 N/m2 < 1.118 (.25Vfck)
N Permissible bearing pressure, =2 x 0.45 x 20=18 N/mm2
Max. stress in column =
1.5[(400,000/250x300)-(10xl06x6/250x3002)] = 12N/mm 2 < 18 -Safe
5. Check for BM
Critical section @ face of column. Soil pressure @ 0.95 m from right end
= 291.3225 -16.905x0.95 =275.263 kN/m2 p
CG from face =(275.263 +2x291.3225 )/( 275.263 +291.3225) x (0.95/3)
u i•
= 0.4795 m
BM = 0.5(275.263 +291.3225)(lx0.95)( 0.4795) = 129.05 kNm r;
lor(pl+2P2)Bx 2 /6 =(275.263+2x291.3225 )xlx0.95 2 /6]
d = V( M/Qb) = V(l 29.05 x 106/2.76x 1000) =216 <450mm

14 | P a g e RVRK P r a s a d , KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur.

 = V(196.36x!0 6 /2.76xlOOO) =266 < 500 mm
(II) Design of eccentric footing: Rj
1. Dimensions of footing:- Vj /\"t- — 0.5 fck 1 1
1
4.6 Mu
bd
Load on column = 400 kN fy * ^ fckbd2
Selfwt =40kN
R!
0.7 0.3 1.2
Total load = 440 kN 10 I 4.6xl96.36xl06
Area of foundation = 440/200 =2.2 m2 H Ast = 1 1 1000x5 nft
415 A ^ 20xlOOOx500 2
Adopt 1.Ox 2.2m P| Ast, min = 85/415= 0.2048 % ->0.002048x 1000x500 =1024
i
2. Location of Column rj For SF, 0.3%-»0.003x 1000x500 = 1500 [ else increase d -»to reduce T]
e = M7P = 10/40 = 0.25m B a! Try 12 mm<|> bars, No of bars = 1500/113 =13.27 say 14 bars
Resultant must pass through CG of footing
6. Lateral bending: -» consider 1 m width
Left offset = 2.2/2 -e -D/2 Off set = (l-0.25)/2 = 0.375m
= 1.1 +0.25-0.15 = 1.2m Max BM = 272.72x0.3752/2 =19.17 kNm /m ; d = V(M/Qb) < 500
Right offset = 2.2/2 + e - D/2
= 1.1 -0.25-0.15 = 0.7m 10 4.6xl9.17xl06
Ast = 1 1 1000x500 = 212mm2
415 ^ 20xlOOOx5002
(L-D)/2 ± e -> 0.95 ± 0.25
2. Factored Soil pressures
Net upward pressure = 400/( 1 x2.2) =181.82 kN/m2
K|Provide min steel of 1024 mm2
Factored soil pressure = 1.5x 181.82 = 272.72 kN/m2 D Spacing of 12 mm<t> -» 1000x113 /1024 =110 mm c/c

7. Development length
3. Check for one way shear:
Critical section @ d from face of column Ld = (t)(0.87fy)/4ibd = $ 0.87x4157(4x1.6x1.2) = 47<J> - 564 mm
Provided = 700 + 300 = 1000mm
Assume D = 550 and d = 500mm
i.e.; 1.2 - 0.5 = 0.7 m from right end
8. Transfer of load at base of column
Max SF = (1x0.7) 272.72 = 190.904 kN N;i For Al ->
Shear stress, T = 190,904/( 1000x500) - 0.3818 N/m 2 < 0.384 ( TC for 0.3% )
ai 0.25 + 4*0.5 = 2.25; 0.3 + 4*0.5 =2.3
V(A 1/A2) = V( 1 x2.2)/(0.25x0.3) =5.4 >2
4. Check for two way shear (punching shear) g|
Critical section @ d/2 from face of column Permissible bearing pressure, =2 x 0.45 x 20=18N/mm2
Max SF = (1x2.2 - 0.75 xO.8) x 272.72 = 436.352 kN pi Max. stress in column =
Shear stress, i = 436,352/(3100x500) = 0.28 N/m 2 < 1.067 ( kx0.25Vfck ) ui 1.5[(400,000/250x300)+(10xlO<)x6/250x3002)]= 12N/mm 2 < 18
[2(750+800) = 3100 ; k =0.5+1/2.2 =0.95 ]
5. Check for BM
Critical section @ face of column.
BM = 1.0x[272.72xl.2 2 /2]= 196.36 kNm

15 | P a g e RVRK Prasad, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur.


n ( ) i ("i f •) r ) (
Question 5: Design a footing for column carrying an ultimate load of 1800
R kN and ultimate moment of 225 kN. m about an axis bisecting the depth of
Column at its base The size of column is 300 x 600 mm and S.B.C of Soil
V 220 kN/m2 Use M20 concrete and Fe 415, Draw reinforcement details.
R!
1. Dimensions of footing:
' idi Service load = 1800/1.5 = 1200 kN
i
pii Load
Selfwt
on column - 1200 kN
= 120kN 1.0.75 0.6 1.325
r ; Area of foundation = 1320/220=
1
Total load = 1320kN
6 m2
ai Try 2x3m
s !i
a i 2.
e
Location of Column
= M/P = 225/1800 = 0.125m
1
d ii Resultant must pass through CG of footing
Right offset = (L-D)/2 + e
-} f ) C) 3 f ) () C) (1 C) () r) r) n -K3-0.6)/2 + 0.125 = 1.325
ii Left offset = (L-D)/2-e -»
= 1.2-0.125 =1.075m
K i [check 1.325+1.075 = 2.4]
i 2. Factored Soil pressures
i< Net upward pressure = 1200/(2x3) = 200 kN/m2
Factored soil pressure = 1.5 x 200 = 300 kN/m2 (1800/2x3)

F,ii 3. Check for one way shear:

*. ^ 1 Critical section @ d from face of column
*s u J- S Assume D = 650 and d = 600mm
u
0 Q
y
A^
i.e.; 1.325-0.60 = 0.725 m from right end
a; Max SF - (2x0.725) 300 = 435 kN
n ^ w
£_
s i
Shear stress, i = 435,000/(2000x600) = 0.36 N/m 2 < 0.36 (ic for 0.25% )
g|
Pii 4. Check for two way shear (punching shear)
U
Uii! Critical section @ d/2 from face of column
i; Max SF = (2x3-0.85x1.05} x 300= 1532 kN
r:
-/--! Shear stress, i = 1532/(3800x600) = 0.67 N/m 2 < 1.118 (0 .25Vfck )
2.2m

16 | P a g e RVRK Prasad, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur.

5. Check for BM R
Critical section @ face of column,
BM = 2.0x[300 xl.325 2 /2 ]= 526.7 kNm V
d = V(M/Qb) = V(526.7x 106/2.76x2000) = 308 < 600 mm R
0.5 fck 1 4.6 Mu K
bd '
fy J fckbd2 ;
P
10 4.6x526.7xl06
Ast = —~ 1 - 2000x6 00 - 2544mm2 r
415 20x2000x6002
a
- n ")n48 % -»0.002048x20C 2457
For SF, 0.25% ->(J.0025 x2000x600 = 3000 [ slse inert;ase d -> to reduce T]
s
Try 1 6 mnnjt bars, No of bars -3000/201 - 15 >ars a O 0 OO OO r^ o r3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
d
6. Lateral bending • ~> c onsider 1 m width
Offset-(2-0.3)/2 = 0.8 5 m
Max BM = 300x0 85272 = 108.4 kNm /m; d = V(M/()b) <600 .
10 1 4.6x108.4 xlO6 K
Ast — 1— lOOOxt=;nn — ZC\Qnrm2
415 •\04 1 20x1L000x600 2 D
^ 1
K 1- fS
Provide min steel 02048x10 00x600-12.28 ^h* uu qr
C 0 0 d .
Spacing of 12 mm <(>-» I 000x1137 1228 -» 90 mmc/c E ** P
1
s
7. Development le ngth N
Ld -9(0.87fy)/4T bd = (j 0.87x415/(4xl.6xl.2 = 47^=47x16 =752 mm
Provided = 1 075+ 600 = 1675 mm a
g
8. Transfer of loa dat ba seof colurnn
F o r A l -> P 3m
0.3+4*0.6 = 2.7:> 2; 0.6 + 4*0. 5=3.0 u »«
V(Al/A2) = V(2x3 )/(0.3 <0.6) =5.8 >2 r
Permissible bearin g pres 8 N/mm2
Max. stress incohjmn = *
1(1800.000/300x6 00 H 225x1 0"x6/300x6002)] - 22.5 N/mm 2 > 18
Unsafe increase he yr<ide of concrete of the footing. sa\5
17 I P a g e RVRK Prasad, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur.
Winter 15
Q(3)[14M]
OR
Q(4)[ 14M]
Summer 16
Q (3) [ 13M ]: An RCC Corner column 400 x 400 mm is subjected
to a factored axial load of 1500 kN along with bending moments of
180 kNm and 120 kNm about its mutually perpendicular axes. The
unsupported length of column with both ends are hinged is 3.5m.
Use M25 grade concrete and Fe 415 type steel.
Design the main reinforcement and transverse reinforcement.
Detail the design by a neat diagram.
OR
Q (4) [ 13M ] : A RC column 300 x 500 mm is reinforced with 6Nos.
25mm dia. Fe 415 type steel and grade of concrete is M25 as shown in
figure 1. Determine the design strength parameters in terms of its Axial
force and Bending Moment corresponding to a neutral axis location given
by xu/D as 1.2. Consider loading eccentricity is with respect to its major
axis. Assume 40mm clear cover to the longitudinal reinforcement. Take
the coefficients for Area of stress block and Distance of CG from highly
compressed edge as 0.399 and 0.458.
J ~c
R Winter 16
V
Q (3 [13M ] : Design biaxially loaded braced rectangular column to carry
R an ultimate axial load of 2000 kN and ultimate biaxial moment of Mux =
K 250 kN m and Muy = 150 kN m acting about an axis bisecting the depth
and width of column respectively. The effective length about
P x-axis is 3 m and y axis is 2.75 m The unsupported length about both axis
is 3.5 m Take column size 400 x 600 mm. Use M25 concrete & Fe 415
r steel
a OR
Q (4) [ 13M ] : Design a footing for column carrying an ultimate load of
s
1000 kN and ultimate moment of 100 kN. m about an axis bisecting the
a depth of Column at its base The size of column is 300 x 600 mm and
d S.B.C of Soil ISO kN/m2 Use M20 concrete and Fe 415, Draw
reinforcement details.
Summer 17
K 0 (3) [ 3M ] :
D Design the reinforcement for a column with lex = ley = 4.0m and size 400
K x 300 subjected to a factored load of 1000 kN with biaxial moment of 120
kNm and 80 kNm wrt major and minor axes respectively. Assume M20 &
Fe 415. Interaction curve may be consulted.
OR
Q(4)[3M]:
Design an isolated footing for column 400 x300 mm transmitting a load of
950 kN and a moment of 800 kNm. The S.B.C of Soil is 190 kN/m2 Use
M20 concrete and Fe 415, Draw reinforcement details.

0 0
0 c

18 I P a g e RVRK Prasad, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpur