SMART PROJECT ON WASTE

MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY

CONVERSION PROCESSES IN WASTE
PROCESSING FOR GREEN AND SMART
CITIES

WASTE TO
ENERGY
ICT UNIVERSITY
MATRICULE:ICTU3091233

BOPDA TUEKAM FRANCK GEOVANY

 TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction……1

Waste study……………..2

Waste to energy ………3

Presentation of CRWEP…..3.1

Benefits of CRWEP……………3.2

Process and technology……3.4

Conclusion…..4

1.INTRODUCTION
Waste is increasing worldwide due to rapid urbanization and exponential growth of the population.
This situation can rapidly turn to environmental crises if nothing is been made.

The accumulation of waste in our cities can lead to the various effect.

1- Pollution of the environment

2- Illnesses. The dumping of waste in cities favorites the presence of mosquitoes .These
mosquitoes turns to give malaria to the nearby people.
3- Water pollution. During the rainy season the waste accumulated in the cities are been
transported into streams and rivers . This situation is harmful to the population and some
aquatic animals species . Particularly in Cameroon most people still depend on stream and
river water .
4- Air pollution. The smell from waste pollutes the air.
 This situation can be mitigated with the implementation of waste management.
Managing this waste that is removing it from our cities will partially be beneficial to the
population. The whole economy can benefit from this waste .

2.WASTE STUDY
Waste are in many forms which are solid , liquid waste . Any of these form of waste can be use for
energy production.

Factors affecting waste character include.

1- Temperature .Temperature affect bacteria growth and chemical reaction in waste. At low
temperatures there is no growing up of bacteria due to enzyme deactivation. At higher
temperatures solubility of some compounds in waste such as calcuimcarbonate decreases.
2- Available oxygen . It depends on the type of decomposition either anaerobic or aerobic. The
presence of oxygen will enable aerobic decomposition and the absence of oxygen enable
anaerobic decomposition.
3- Moisture Availability Water is one of the most important factors influencing waste
stabilization and leachate quality of landfill site. But moisture addition has been
 demonstrated repeatedly to have a stimulating effect on methanogenesis although some
researchers indicate that it is the movement of moisture through the waste of landfill site .
Moisture within the landfill serves as a reactant in the hydrolysis reactions. Similarly, it
transports nutrients and enzymes, dissolves metabolites, provides pH buffering, dilutes
inhibitory compounds, exposes surface area to microbial attack, and controls microbial cell
swelling . Some of the researchers stated that high moisture flow rates can flush soluble
organics and microbial cells out of the landfill. In such cases microbial activity plays a lesser
role in determining leachate quality. Similarly, high moisture application rates can remove
the majority of waste contaminants early in the life of the fill in most of the cases. But under
low flow rate conditions, anaerobic microbial activity is the significant factor governing
leachate organic strength as mentioned by the researcher

Waste can not only be use to produce energy but can be recycle to be converted to other
usable forms.
Solid waste such as plastic can be use for Plastic brick production.

3.WASTE TO ENERGY.

After we have observe how waste accumulation in the cities can be harmful we can then move to
the interesting aspect of these waste. Taking waste from one place to another does not change
anything to our situation but what if the waste is been converted to a useful form which is directly
usable energy mainly biogas and electricity.

My project is going to concentrate only on the situation of Cameroon. The reference industries and
data collection for the project is going to come exclusively from Cameroon. The project is named

CRWEP PROJECT . Cameroon recycling waste for energy production.

3.1 CRWEP . The Cameroon recycling waste for energy production project is based on combine
gas and steam turbine for electricity production . We produce biogas from the waste .

The biogas produced from the waste will serve for two purpose :

1- For gas cooking to replace fosil natural gas.

2- For heat generation to produce steam in a combined gas and steam power plant. The biogas
will be compressed and then connected to a gas turbine . The compression of the biogas will
generates heat which with the use of heat exchanger will produce steam on the other side
connected to a steam turbine .
.

3.2 BENEFITS OF CRWEP.

1- It is a renewable base project .

2- It has a net zero greenhouse gas emission.

3-As compare to other power plants it does not only gives as product electricity we also obtain
biogas which makes it Profitable.

4-The biogas slurry can be use as manure for farming.

3.4 PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY

WASTE RECYCLING
BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Biogas is a mixture of gases mainly methane. Biogas is produce from biomass(organic matter from
biological origins). Waste such as animal waste , plants waste which should be biodegradable
biomass can be use for biogas production.

The technology here is purely a biochemical decomposition process. Bio degradable waste from
hysacam is taken into a digester . Inside the digester oxygen is absence that is NO air going in or out.
This is known as anaerobic digester. Due to the absence of oxygen the biodegradable waste start to
decompose . This action of decomposition of the waste is command by a bacteria called
methanogene which brakes down the carbon chain of organic matter ( waste ) realizing the methane
(biogas ) .

The biogas produce at this stage will be use for home gas cooking and also in the combustion
process for electricity production .
The digested here can be use as manure.

COMBINED GAS AND STEAM POWER

PLANT
The biogas inside the combustion chamber with h igh pressure will turn the gas
turbine. The heat generated from the combustion chamber is been conducted by the
use of the heat exchanger to produce steam. Steam with high pressure will turn the
steam turbine. This combine rotation will generate our electricity.

4.CONCLUSION
The CRWEP project enable the efficient use of waste which mitigates the effects of Environmental
pollution. The economy of Cameroon will benefit from this project due to its profitable double
product which are biogas and electricity.