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UPSC MAINS: QUESTIONS TERMINOLOGY

ANALYZE Explain in detail every single part. Support with examples and arguments for and
against. Explain how the arguments are interlinked.
Figure out if the mentioned statement holds true or not. Mentions shortcomings
ASSESS and give counter arguments to support your answer. Conclusion should be with
optimism and futuristic approach.
Very basic method of finding differences and similarities.
COMPARE
Focus on the dissimilarities between two or more phenomena, or what sets them part.
CONTRAST
Figure out significant issues related to the topic. Substantiate your points with
CRITICALLY EXAMINE examples. Mention alternate ways/methods to solve the problem/issue.
Your opinion matters the most here. You must give abundant examples to support your
COMMENT UPON opinion. Be flexible to accept the possibility on the other side also.
Give the precise meaning. Examples and other interpretations can also be used here.
DEFINE
Thorough details, use What, Why, How, When before the term.
DESCRIBE
Similar to above mention ILLUSTRATE.
DEMONSTRATE
Mention for & against of the topic or argument. Bring in examples to support your
DISCUSS / ELABORATE arguments.
Best way to approach is to show the whole process/phenomena/incident with multiple
ILLUSTRATE examples.
Clarify the topic. Cover multiple dimensions.
EXPLAIN
Detailed Explanation
GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF
Detailed Explanation along with the reason why it happened.
GIVE AN ACCOUNT FOR
Alternative segments are necessary to mention here. Thorough details about the topic
TO WHAT EXTENT / HOW FAR from multiple dimensions.

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GS-1
 India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, enough to feed the needs of the country for the next 25
Ques.
years. What are the steps taken by government to tap these resources?
Ques. Discuss in detail the distribution of badlands topography in India.
Ques. Explain the potential of India on blue economy? What substantial can be achieved from this?
With growing scarcity of fossil fuels, the atomic energy is gaining more and more significance
Ques. in India. Discuss the availability of raw material required for the generation of
atomic energy in India and in the world.

Ques. How are cold deserts different from hot deserts? Explain their global distribution along with their biodiversity.

Ques. Analyze the impact of El-Nino effect.

Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new sugar mills in the Southern states of India? How do you
Ques. justify the rampant opening of new sugar mills in parts of India? How can this contribute in achieving the targets of
food security?
Where are mangroves forests distributed in the Asian region? How these forest help in protection from adverse
Ques.
climate conditions?
Ques. Discuss the deterioration of agriculture under economic impact of British Rule.
Ques. Bring out the development of Pahari, Rajput and Deccan paintings
Ques. What are the causes of landform development? Explain geomorphic agents and landforms.
Discuss the factors affecting Movements of Ocean Water and how ocean currents contribute in maintaining the
Ques.
marine life.
Major  hot  deserts  in  northern  hemisphere  are  located  between  20‐30  degree  N 
Ques.
Latitudes and on the western side of the continents. Why?
Ques. Examine the importance of the three art forms in the development of human personality.
Ques. What was th Policy of Equal Federation (1935-1947)?
Ques. Discuss the development of land reforms in India between 1947 and early 1960’s.

Ques. Which parts of the world are more vulnerable to volcanos and why? Discuss the types and distribution of volcanoes.
 Discuss the ration idea behind Swachch Bharat Abhiyaan. How does it help and aid India in achieving the target of
Ques.
Sustainable Development Goals? Elucidate.

Ques. With respect to the nuclear energy resources explain the challenges faced by India and what are the future prospects?

Ques. What is Karst Topography? Discuss erosional and depositional landforms.

Discuss the factors responsible for increasing marginalization of the elderly owing to the digital literacy. What needs
Ques.
to be done to overcome the challenge?

Ques. Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in the generation of demand for a separate State. Discuss

How do temperate cyclones affect the weather pattern in the Indian subcontinent? Explain the impact ocean currents
Ques.
in balancing biodiversity of ocean deposits and corals.
With respect to the rural landscape how far initiatives of Ministry of Health have succeeded in eradicating the rare
Ques.
diseases in India.
Ques. Critically examine the effects of Vedanta philosophy on the youth in India.

Ques. Discuss Religious Philosophies in India. Compare the impact of Buddhism & Jainism in shaping the empires.

Ques. Examine Air mass theory with respect to the mechanism of Monsoon.

Ques. Discuss ELNINO and LANINA & their impact. What are the geological factors affecting the climate change?

With the help of suitable examples, examine the correlation between plate tectonics and earthquakes. How these
Ques.
natural disasters contribute in shaping the terrains?
Ques. Critically analyse the hardship faced by the educational institutions in the light of the lockdown.
Ques. Discuss the effect of battle of plassey on Indian trade.
Why is India a leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals? What are the challenges being faced by the pharmaceutical
Ques.
sector in India?
Ques. Explain the End of Dual Government and Direct Administration of Bengal (From 1772) ?
Ques. What policy instruments were deployed by India to contain the Great Economic Depression?
 What are the major hubs of IT services in India. Do you witness a shift in the way IT industry is distributed across the
Ques.
country? Discuss.
Ques. Explain the sources for reconstructing vedic society and culture post independence.
Ques. Agricultural Revolutions in India proved to be substantial. Substantiate.
Examine the distribution pattern of natural rubber industry in India. Also, discuss the contribution of natural rubber in
Ques.
the Indian economy.
Amidst the corona virus confinement, women are at high risk not only from the perspective of the disease but mainly
Ques. with respect to domestic violence. Critically analyse role of SHGs, and other institutions in safeguarding the rights of
women during these times.
Ques.   “Role of civil society in free and fair election.” Analyze
Ques. Do you think India’s Voting rights to NRI industry holds immense potential for regional growth? Examine.

Ques. Discuss the role of NGOs in overcoming this vulnerability faced by women during the corona virus pandemic.

Ques. Analyze South China Sea- Issues of Mistrust

Ques. What are quinary services? How is it different from quaternary sector activities? Discuss.
“The answers to the questions of present are hidden in the experiences of the past”, in this context discuss the
Ques.
impacts of Indian LPG reforms in comparison to the great depression of 1929.
Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive role in the emergence of Bangladesh.
Ques.
Discuss the recent boundary agreements and their analysis.
Which are the major corn producing and processing regions of the world? What are the factors attributed to this
Ques.
pattern? Analyse.
Critically examine the role of Muslim League to the Indian national movement as it miscarried to develop articulation
Ques.
of their concept of separate nation.
Ques. Discuss the highlights of the Tashkent Agreement in 1966.
Ques. What are Fibre Crops? How are industries related to Fibre Crops distributed in India?
Discuss the contributions of Abdul Gaffar Khan. Who were the Khudai Khidmatgars? Analyse the aftermath of the
Ques.
Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre.
Ques.   Discuss  the  contributions  of  Mahatma Gandhi  to  pre‐and  post  ‐  independent  India. 
What are the most important locational factors for the sugar industry? Discuss. How is India placed with respect to
Ques.
these factors? Illustrate.
Discuss the major provisions of Go Tribal Campaign. Examine other campaigns contributions in shaping a better
Ques.
lifestyle for the tribal people.
Ques.  Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan “Satyamev Jatathe”. 

Why commercial fishing is is more developed in Northern Europe and North America as compared to Asia? Why is
Ques.
Japan an exception in Asia? What are the learning for Indian fishing industry from European fishing industry?

Akbar was a great social reformer and these social reforms helped him to get the legitimacy from the Indian masses.
Ques.
What were the contributions of Mughals in Indian architecture?
Ques. Critically discuss the objectives of Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh Ji and their success
With the help of suitable examples, discuss the educational factors of Sangeet Natak Academy and National School Of
Ques.
Drama in shaping the modern day’s cinema.
“The period between 1780 and 1800, marked an important transition in trading order in India. Analyse. What were the
Ques.
shortcomings of Indian trade before it globalized?
Ques. In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India. Elaborate.
Ques. The Nehru-liaquat Agreement Of 1950 was a significant move. Explain.
Social decay, deterioration of the previous order and long spells of chaos and disorder are some of the main causes
Ques.
of decline of the Great Mughal Empire in India. Deliberate.
Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements.
Ques. Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom. How did Indian History Congress took substantial help from
these foreigners data in developing scientific Indian history ?
Ques. Critically analyze the land resource management in India.
Explain the challenges faced by Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar in bringing Rights of Dalit and Marginalized community in
Ques.
the country.
 Discuss the conditions that women had to defy and become the
Ques. torch‐ bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Who were the popular women writes whose writings inspired
rural women to adopt new social life?
What is thermal? Which parts of India are thermal polluted? How can proper thermal energy management help in
Ques.
addressing this challenge? Discuss with specific geographical examples.
Elaborate upon the life and contribution of Jyotibha Pule in the modern Indian history. What were her contributions in
Ques.
shaping the life of women?
 Explain  the ‘Tandava’ dance as recorded in  the early Indian inscriptions. What are other major dance forms practiced
Ques.
to praise the lords in modern times.
Ques. Examine the initiatives that have been taken recently to tap the potential of renewable at global level.
Do you think parallels can be drawn from the assassination of plague commissioner by the Chapekar brothers in 19th
Ques. century and the present day decisions to control the pandemic at the expense of human rights and democracy?
Examine.

Ques. Comment on the remarkable vividness and social and economic conditions that Sangam literature portrays.

Ques. Explain the substantial potential of blue economy based on ocean with respect to the developing countries.

Ques. How reformist and revivalist movements were similar to, or different from each other?

Ques. What were the major social reform movements of Indian Renaissance and what changes did they bring about?

The establishment of new social economy and administrative machinery led to the emergence of new social classes.
Ques.
Discuss in the perspective of Western Education how it helped in forming these new classes.

Discuss how at the beginning of the movement for Indian Independence Indian art marks an historic turn in the
Ques.
development of Indian modern art and Indian artists.
Discuss the major nationalist movements of the second half of the 19th century. In what way did they contribute fall
Ques.
of British rule in India?
 Explain all the major regulations enacted by the British rulers to curb the freedom of Press in India. How did Indians
Ques.
tried to overcome these regulations ?
Our traditional art forms incorporate women’s interest as well as regional, local and folk colouring derived from
Ques.
classical elements. Explain.
Explain briefly the nature and activities of either Theosophical Society of India. What other contemporary societies
Ques.
have achieved so far?
Ques. Analyse briefly the contribution of peasants and women to the support of nationalist movement in India.

Ques. Trace the roots and evolution of Hindustani music in India. Also identify the distinguishing features of Carnatic Music.

Who established the AryaSamaj? What was its goal? How far Indians succeeded in achieving these goals.? What ware
Ques.
other contemporary societies?
Examine the distribution of key fuel sources in the world. Discuss the possibility of changing power centre of the
Ques.
world from west to east.
Analyze the main features of Indian Renaissance. What are the prospects of traditional time that can be utilized in
Ques.
modern times for the welfare of the state?
How of sustainable resource management has helped India achieves food security? Explain with the help of suitable
Ques.
examples.

Ques. In the national awakening in India discuss how social religious reforms contributed? Substantiate with examples.

Social Reformers have traditionally played an important role in global geopolitics, contributing to the rise of great
Ques. powers, the formation of alliances and, in many cases, also to the emergence of wars and conflicts. Discuss with the
perspective of Indian National Movement.
Ques. Trace the progress of the women's education from the early days of the Indian Independence till date.
Ques. The supply of fuel has the potential to influence geopolitics, diplomacy and even conflict.
Discuss how the university education has evolved in the last century. What was contribution of scholars from top
Ques.
university of British India in the National Movement?
 Write a short note on the distribution of natural gas across the world. Do you think natural gas can address the
Ques.
challenge of global energy crisis in the long run? Critically examine.
Explain how our conventional education system is departed from the traditional education system. What was the
Ques.
concept of ‘Basic Education’ given by the Father of the Nation?
Ques. What are jet streams and how do they affect India? Discuss with geographical prospects.
Ques. Discuss how Tibetan plateau has helped India in receiving most of the Indian Monsoon.
Ques. Analyse the objectives and reactions on Butler Committee Report?
Ques. What is an Discuss the formation of air mass and the present day is affected by it?
Ques. How far Hartog committee (1929) was successful in achieving its objective?
GS-2
Ques. RTI and Official Secret Act: Who’s winning and why Judiciary wants to remain isolated Elucidate
Ques. Briefly describe the conflict between Fundamental Rights and role of judiciary in harmonizing them.
Ques. What are the minor educational institutions? Discuss their organisational structure and mandate.
Ques. What is meant by doctrine of Incidental or Ancillary Powers? Discuss its relevance.
Ques. Why the Health schemes fail to bring change? Critically examine the family planning and population policy of India.
What is the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)? What are its objectives and mandate? Discuss its recent moves in targeting
Ques.
Pakistan.
Ques. In respect of India — Bangladesh relations, discuss how domestic  factors influence  foreign  policy. 
Ques. Examine the laws related to Prevent Female Infanticide. Discuss the Initiatives taken by the Government
In terms of objectives and foundational philosophies, discuss the similarities and differences between the World Bank and the
Ques.
New Development Bank (ADB).
Ques. Discuss the political developments in US. Should they be of any cause of concern to India?
Ques. From Untouchables to the Dalit : The Process of Identity Formation. Comment

Ques. Why China is Winning over India’s Neighbours? Discuss the India, China first-ever Internal Security Cooperation Agreement.

Ques. USA pulls out of INF treaty. Discuss its implication for India.
Discuss the Contribution of Indian Diaspora in various fields in Africa. Analyse African co-operation in ensuring security and
Ques.
peace in Indian Ocean region.
Ques. Fluctuating ties between Indo-Nepal Relations indicates Nepal’s tilt towards China. Comment
Economic ties between India and Afghanistan while growing in the recent years are still far below their
Ques.
potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth.
Ques. Discuss the historical and current engagements of India with Bhutan. Why is Bhutan important for India?
Ques. Do you see an emerging trend of isolationism in the world? Examine with the context of Brexit.

Ques. What do you understand by space diplomacy and para diplomacy? How does it impact India engagement with UNSC?

Despite the unsolved tension between Israelis and Palestinians the defining war is a broader struggle among multiple players
Ques. seeking regional hegemony. Thus, is it right to say that New West Asia today is rife with small state, non-state actors pitted
against each other? Analyse.
Ques. Expand upon the determinants and challenges of India’s Foreign Policy. What has been the stance of India on Act East Polict?

Ques. Discuss how the induction of PESA in Tribal Areas ensure self governance through traditional Gram Sabhas.
Ques. Do you think India’s desire to diversify its defence imports wedged India-US relations in recent past? Examine.
Ques. How do free trade policies of developed countries affect India’s interests?

Ques. Discuss how strengthening participation of women in panchayats will help India achieve the aim of high literacy rate.

Ques. Discuss the indispensability of a strong relation between India and Russia.
Ques. Critically evaluate the concept of defamation in India.
Analyse the Alternate Dispute Redressal (ADR) concept. What are Problems with tribunals, problems …arising out of
Ques.
sidestepping the HC?
Ques. What is tactical voting and proportional representation? Discuss the role of civil society in free and fair election
Ques. What is the Sabrimala Temple issue? How is it affecting India’s capability to serve the Right to Equality? Examine.
Identify the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that are related to health. Discuss the success of the actions taken by
Ques.
the Government for achieving the same.
Ques. “Hate speech deepens inequalities and increases mistrust and obstructs the growth prospects of
Ques. the nation. “Comment.
How is India placed in Europe vis a vis China? What are the potentials and challenges for India in the European continent?
Ques.
Discuss.
The basis of providing urban amenities in rural areas (PURA) is rooted in establishing connectivity. Comment on the
Ques.
reforms in PRIs in the last decade to establish this connectivity.
What are neglected diseases? Discuss the challenges involved in the treatment of such diseases. Explain in the context of India
Ques.
whether the State should be responsible for such treatments.
Ques. Why RIC is as important to India as JAI and BRICS? Comment on India’s de-hyphenated policy.

Ques. Discuss how electronic cash transfer system for the welfare schemes is an ambitious project to minimize corruption.

Ques. Why Saudi Arabia is Moving Towards Reforms? Discuss Yemen War and implications.
How is China posing challenges in India’s engagement with the neighbours? What measures have been taken to instil
Ques.
confidence amongst India’s immediate neighbours?
Ques. Describe linkage of civil services and democracy. Critically evaluate lateral entry in civil services
Examine the right of children to free & compulsory education (amendment) act, 2019. Discuss the Key components of the
Ques.
recent changes in this act.
Ques. Anti-Defection Law. Is it time for reconsideration? Critically examine.
Ques. What are paper trail units? Discuss the law commissions report on electoral reforms.
Ques. In the recent years there has been a demand of hybrid electoral system in India. Comment

Ques. Examine the objectives of BIMSTEC. What are the challenges therein for India with respect to the future of South Asia?

Criminalisation of politics is seen as the dark face of politics. With regards to the above, assess the reforms brought in by
Ques.
Election Commission of India to get rid of this.
AYUSH Ministry was inducted into the governance to bridge the gaps in citizen’s overall welfare motive. What are the
Ques.
challenges and achievements of AYUSH Ministry in the times of Covid-19?
.Japan has been a trusted partner in India’s journey towards economic strength. Do you agree? Critically examine the advanced
Ques.
level investment by Japan in India’s industrial corridor.
Ques. Critically examine its twin objectives, latest mandates, and success of Mid-Day Meal Scheme in India.
Along with value-added administration, the education system needs a revamp to address India’s human capital crisis effectively.
Ques.
Deliberate on the recent New Education Policy and it’s prospects to provide holistic education.
What advantages have accrued to India after her membership of the SCO? Examine the benefit ts and challenges of India’s
Ques.
entry in SCO in the long run.
Ques. Discuss the relevance of Domestic Violence Act, 2005 in the ambit of Corona-Lockdown in India.
Ques. Discuss Sarkaria Commission’s opinion on legislative relations and administrative relations.
How in the ongoing trade war between the US and China affecting India’s economic interests? Is India equipped enough to
Ques.
address the emerging challenges posed by expanding Chinese foreign policy?
Discuss the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission which have been a departure from the previous
Ques.
commissions for strengthening the local government finances.
Has the concept of making Aadhaar compulsory succeeded as a ‘game changer’ for India’s leaky welfare regime? Analyse the
Ques.
recent government policies.
In the context of US sanctions against Iran, discuss the ways in which India has protected her economic and strategic interests.
Ques.
What are the future prospects of US-Iran nuclear deal with the US Election results of Nov 2020.
 Dharavi is one of the largest slums in the world. Describe the constitutional mechanisms to resolve the livelihood challenges of
Ques.
slum areas.
Should the Scheduled caste and scheduled tribes community have reservations in promotions? Critically examine. Describe the
Ques.
reservation in promotion.
Ques. Examine the Indonesia’s vision as a “Global Maritime Axis.” and it’s significance for India.
Ques. China denies CPEC backing as ‘debt trap’ for Pakistan. Elucidate the debt trap diplomacy of China.
Do you think privatization of health and education sectors in India can bring transformational shift in the current social
Ques.
indicators? Examine with suitable cases.
Ques. What are the major issues of convergence and confrontation between India and Malaysia? Examine.
How effective is election commission in ensuring fair elections? Analyze the election commission proposal for countering bribe-
Ques.
for-votes
What are factors pertaining to the demand of considering education qualification be made mandatory for contesting local
Ques.
government elections
Ques. How can India’s deal with the demand for new states Gorkhaland, Nagalim, Vidharbha, Purvanchal etc..
Ques. Discuss the issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure.
Analyze the major judgement on RIGHT TO CONVERT by the Supreme Court regarding a person’s right to choose a religion.
Ques.
Highlight the issue of religious conversion in India

Ques. How is the issue of Rohingya Muslims affecting Indo-Myanmar relations? Discuss the ruling on Rohingya issue by ICJ.

Ques. Discuss Section 66A of IT Act, with reference to its alleged violation of Article 19 of the Constitution.

Discuss the impact of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) on loan recovery and also suggest remedial measures for better
Ques.
implementation of the Code. What are the circumstances when the central bank can interfere in the IBC process?

Ques. What strategic leverage can India enjoy by maintaining close ties with the Maldives? Explain about the recent joint ventures.

The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a
Ques. result healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually witnessed. How far can this be attributed to the
anti-defection  law,  which  was  legislated  but  with  a  different  intention?
 Elucidate role of pressure group in developing countries. What role has been played by these pressure groups in developing
Ques.
the governance of India post 1990?
Do you think the implementation of a nationwide NRC would jeopardise India’s foreign policy with her neighbours? Critically
Ques.
examine.
Ques. Integrated Child Services (lCDS) Development. Explain.
How far Jan Aushadhi Scheme and Mission Indradhanush have been able to achieve their set targets? What are the prospects
Ques.
of National Health Policy?
Advantages of the separation of secretariat and executive organization. Discuss on the recommendations for improving the
Ques.
organizational structure
Discuss the steps to get rid of child labour in India. What are the provisions of Child Labour (Prohibition …and Amendment) Bill,
Ques.
2016?
Ques. Explain the doctrine of severability and doctrine of territorial nexus.
Does accountability always lead to better and more efficient governance? Critically examine the initiatives taken by government
Ques.
in maintaining the balance between regulations and red – tapism.
Ques. What are your views on the scope of DPSP? Discuss the economic and Social democracy.

Swachh Bharat Mission apart from sanitation aspects aids to generate employment and provide impetus to the rural economy.
Ques.
Explain with suitable examples how the governance seemed to use this Mission during Covid-19 times.

With the help of suitable examples, illustrate the ways in which restriction on the entry of women in places of has created more
Ques.
issues for the judiciary in securing the rights and duties of the citizens.
Ques. Bring out the salient features of the PCPNDT Act 1994, and the implications of its amendment in 2003.
With respect to the Sedition-Law- analyze the comprehensive public discussion regarding Section 124A of the Indian Penal
Ques.
Code 1860.
What are the institutional measures to ensure transparency and accountability in governance? Discuss. How effective have
Ques.
these measures been? Critically comment.
Ques. Discuss the exceptions to Fundamental Rights
Ques. Considering the data protection privacy vs. innovation. Comment on the issues of securing fundamental rights.
What is a citizen charter? Examine the components of a Citizen Charter. What are the steps in formulation of a Citizen’s Charter?
Ques.
Analyze
 What is Law Commission’s 268th Report on Bail Reforms? Discuss the success of the actions taken by the Government for
Ques.
achieving the same
Ques. Discuss the Shortcomings of the healthcare sector and the urgency of developing universal health coverage
What are the limitations in the role of e-governance in bringing transparency and accountability of various e-governance
Ques.
models in India? Illustrate with the help of suitable examples.
Ques. Comment on the recommendations of T.K. Visanathan Committee on hate speech.

Ques. Discuss the suggestions given in the Economic Survey 2020 to boost India’s economic growth with respect to agriculture.

Ques. What is the major difference with respect to e-governance for the PRIs in urban and rural areas.

Discuss the provisions of the Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019 (124th Constitution Amendment Bill) to provide 10%
Ques.
reservation in government jobs and educational institutions to the economically weaker sections (EWS).

Bring out the key highlights of the National Health Policy, analyse the benefits and challenges involved in implementing the
Ques.
same.
What potential does Lokpal & Lokayukta Amendment Act, 2016 holds as a measure to address the current socio-economic
Ques.
challenges in India’s cities. Discuss.
What are the major recommendations of the Swaminathan Committee's Draft National Population Policy, relating to gender
Ques.
issues?
Ques. Discuss the key features of constituent assembly and its vision of future.
GS-3
 International laws and norms do not take into account the full range of migrant and refugee
Ques.
experiences. Briefly describe the contributory factors of illegal migration.
India’s quest for modernization of the armed forces is propelled by the persistent threat to its
Ques.
territorial integrity and the aspiration of becoming a great power. Comment.
Issues related to land have become the most contentious and complex in recent times in India.
Ques. Discuss the issues with Land Acquisition in India. Mention the steps taken by Government for
Sustainable usage of Land.
Duplication of activities by different corporate houses which results in competitive approach
Ques. rather than collaborative approach. Analyse the impact of Anil Baijal Committee
Recommendations.
Analyze the global principles and guideline of CSR. Also enumerate the benefits of a Robust CSR
Ques.
Programme for a Company.

Uday Kotak panel on corporate governance has submitted its report to SEBI, suggesting various
Ques.
changes in corporate governance. Discuss the issues with Corporate Governance in India.

Illustrate how Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) has
Ques.
contributed in socio-economic development of tribal people by marketing of their products.

Give an account of left wing extremism and terrorism in India? Critically analyze the national &
Ques.
global initiatives to tackle terrorism in the Pakistan occupied Kashmir.
NASA Scientists recently observed the fifth state of matter in space for the first time as part of
Ques. Bose Einstein Condensates (BEC) Experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Explain
fifth state of matter.
 What are coastal regulation zone norms? And what environmental
Ques.
security implications do these sites present?
Ques. What are Special Drawing Rights? How are SDRs used? Discuss.
India faces significant challenges in the internal, geopolitical and economic front going ahead
Ques. with crude oil import in 2020 and further. How global oil prices are determined? Elucidate crude
pricing mechanism in India.
Money  laundering  poses  a  serious  security  threat  to  a  country’s  economic  sovereignty. 
Ques. What is its significance for India and what steps have been taken in the past decade to
control this menace?
Ques. What is patent pooling? Analyze the international steps towards patent pooling.
Enumerate the reasons for Liquidity stress in the Mutual Funds (MFs) market. Also examine the
Ques.
features of the Special Liquidity Facility for Mutual Funds (SLF-MF).

Briefly describe the the National Water Policy of India.

Ques.
What are the legal provisions of management and handling of hazardous wastes in India?

Investments in the Indian capital market through participatory notes (P-notes) have hit a nearly 11-
Ques.
year low by the end of December 2019. Critically Examine.
Recently, India joined GPAI as a founding member. Discuss other initiatives taken by India for
Ques.
development of AI.
Credit Rating Agencies norms by SEBI introduced a “probability of default” mechanism under
Ques. which rating agencies have to disclose the probability of default for the issuers they rate by
December 2019. Comment.
 Do you think quantum principles will be used for engineering solutions to extremely complex
Ques.
problems? Elucidate
Discuss the significance of lithium in stars and highlight issues involved using a suitable case
Ques.
study.
Describe the significance
Ques. of vulnerability and risk assessment for pre‐disaster management? Discuss the key  areas  to 
focus on in a Disaster Management System?
What is National Oil Spill-Disaster Contingency Plan of 1996? Examine the efforts of NOS-DCP in
Ques.
combating the marine pollution.
Mauritius has declared a state of environmental emergency after a grounded ship off its coast is
Ques. said to be leaking tonnes of crude oil. What are the potential causes of oil spill? Analyse the
techniques generally used for cleaning Oil spills.
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has released revised guidelines for Biomedical waste
Ques.
management generated from COVID-19. Substantiate.
What is “Breaking the Plastic Wave”? Describe the national efforts taken to combat this issue of
Ques.
marine plastic pollution.
Recently study by the United Nations University - Institute for Water, Environment and Health
Ques. (UNU-INWEH), noted that efficiently treating wastewater can help meet SDGs. What are the
initiatives by NITI Aayo for waste water management
What are key elements of a potential counter-terror strategy? Analyse the role FATF in combating
Ques.
terrorist
Ques. What are the reasons for recent increase in Lone wolf attacks? Substantiate.
 The deadline set by the Union government to conclude the Naga peace talks ended on a
Ques.
somewhat ambiguous note. Discuss in detail the roadblock to Naga Peace talks.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has published the draft
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2020, which replaces the existing EIA
Ques.
Notification, 2006 brought under the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA), 1986. What are issues
with the provisions of draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), 2020?

How can Skill India Mission can address the challenge of Naxalism in the tribal pockets of India?
Ques.
Examine.
Ques. Discuss the role of technology and advancement in tackling water pollution.

Ques. Examine the need of Police Reforms. Discuss the issues in functioning of the Police Forces

Ques. Comment on the term Urban Naxal.

Discuss some of the key challenges faced in the India’s constraints for the participation of Private
Ques.
Sector in Defence Production. Disaster Response
The Centre has allowed gram panchayats and local bodies to decide on water usage charges for
Ques. supply of potable piped water under the Jal Jeevan Mission. Discuss the need and consequences
associated with water pricing in India.
Due to its low capital cost, groundwater is the most preferred source of water in India. What are
Ques. the most common measures to address the issues in Tackling Groundwater Contamination and
Pollution. Explain
Indian recently launched Indian Gas Exchange. Comment. Analyse the expected benefits of
Ques.
unified gas pricing system.
 Comment on the current situation on PPAs with renewable energy companies. Why few states
Ques.
want to renegotiate the PPAs?
Odisha’s promptness and effectiveness in mitigating cyclones makes it a model state disaster
Ques. management. Elucidate. What measures have been taken by other coastal states in combating
these disasters.
Ministry of Defence (MoD) created the post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) to provide “effective
Ques.
leadership at the top level” to the three wings of the armed forces. Elucidate.

Ques. Write  a  note  on India’s  advantages and challenges of opening combat roles for women?

Recently, Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) announced that it plans to
Ques.
develop directed energy weapons (DEWs) under a project named ADITYA. Comment

Describe the importance of fly ash utilisation and initiatives taken by central govt and state
Ques.
governments to promote fly ash utilization.
Many major initiatives launched during C40 summit 2019. Comment and analyze how cities can
Ques.
combat climate change.
Do you think exploration of the Arctic region for resources is environmentally sustainable in the
Ques.
long run? Elaborate Article 6 of Paris Climate Change.
What is piracy, its associated threats and status in the Indian Ocean Region? What are the efforts
Ques.
made by the International community to counter piracy in the region?
Ques. Critically the need and challenges in militarizing Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Is India’s nuclear doctrine still relevant in its present form or does it need a review? On what lines
Ques.
can the present doctrine be reviewed?
 Give an account of India’s recent achievement to complete the phase out of one the most potent
Ques.
ozone depleting chemical – Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)‐141 b.
What is National Security? How do epidemics threaten National Security? Discuss the advantages
Ques.
of viewing epidemics as National Security threat.
Elaborate the existing threats to the mountain ecosystem in India? Suggest a sustainable strategy
Ques.
to maintain the ecological integrity of mountains.
Illustrate the link between gender and climate-related security risks with the increasing sea level.
Ques. What are the new opportunities for involving women in peace-building, conflict prevention and
climate change adaptation?
Examine the future prospects of business reform action plan
Ques.
on liberalization of companies owned by Indians.
What measures have the Indian government has taken to foster a culture of Innovation and
Ques. technology? Examine steps to attract foreign Investment and stimulating domestic investment in
space industry.
Discuss the challenges faced by innovation ecosystems in India? What are the steps taken to
Ques.
improve the innovation ecosystem?
India needs to strengthen measures to promote animal husbandry for ensuring
Ques.
better agricultural exports. Critically elucidate the statement.
Ques. What are the Institutional and structural issues with regard to data quality?
As per the Green Credit Scheme analyse whether privatizing multi-use forest areas is a viable
Ques.
option to ensure contributions to commitments made to mitigate climate change?
What are the different types of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and at state
Ques.
levels? Critically analyse the peace clause used by India at WTO.
 What do you understand by Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region report in
Ques.
various climatic dimensions over the Indian region?
Critically analyze the Implications of increasing regional climate change on agricultural practices
Ques.
in tropical regions.
Ques. Examine the salient features and significance of National Data and Analytics Platform.
What are the current trends that indicate towards a highly sophisticated and advanced future of
Ques.
space technology? Explain the induction of space force by USA.
Discuss the technological and financial challenges that India has to overcome in the remote-
Ques.
sensing technology.
What is the meaning of the term ‘MSP? Discuss how it influences the budgetary policies of the go
Ques.
vernment.

Examine the factors that are responsible for lesser number of patents registered by Indian
Ques.
universities/ institutions. What measures can be taken to address the same. Suggest.

The development of the anti-satellite (A-SAT) missile capability clenches vast implications for
Ques.
India. Explain and also discuss the associated concerns with the Mission Chandrayaan-3.

What were the reasons for the introduction of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget
Ques. Management (FRBM) Act, 2003? Discuss critically its salient features and their effectiveness
during Covid-19.
India has produced some of the most talented engineers that the world has seen. What are the
Ques.
developmental contributions by Indians in the field of software technology?
 Briefly elucidate upon the steps taken by India for strengthening agricultural exports focused on
Ques.
technology and innovation.
Discuss the challenges faced by ISRO integrating with private sector. Also discuss manned
Ques.
mission of ISRO.
How are reusable rockets changing the space exploration industry? Analyse the steps taken by
Ques.
India expedite the role of private players in space programmes ?
Explain the features of National Agriculture Market. Analyse the (Amendment) Essential
Ques.
Commodities Act 2020
Ques. What is data colonization? Examine the reasons for widespread digital illiteracy.
Ques. Substantiate your views on the need of National Infrastructure Pipeline.
Regardless of the ‘AtmaNirbhar Bharat’ initiative being a well‐wished‐for policy, it suffers from
Ques.
key limitations. Explain
Ques. What are the factors that ensure the success of the One Nation, One Ration Card?
Examine the current status, prospects and challenges associated with the export of textile
Ques.
products from India.
Discuss the prospects and challenges posed by 5G technology; what opportunities does it have to
Ques.
offer to the social sectors in the country? Discuss.
What role can technology play in addressing the challenges of skill development in India?
Ques.
Illustrate.
Discuss the need and significance of having a dedicated policy to ensure Scientific Social
Ques.
Responsibility is achieved in a right manner.
What are ‘Minimum Support Prices’ in agricultural products? What are their objectives? What the
Ques.
challenges associated with the demand of linking MSP with contract farming?
 Small holder farms need to be strengthened to achieve national food security. Do you agree with
Ques.
the contract farming methodology? Elucidate.
Institutional and procedural reforms alone won’t address the problems of poverty elevation India.
Ques.
Do you agree? Substantiate relevant initiatives taken by the government.
Ques. Analyse the probable impact of blockchain technology on developing countries.
Comment on the recommendations of the Wadhwa Commission on the Public Distribution
Ques. System. What are the challenges faced by the rural people with the implementation of One
Nation One Ration Card?
Explain the significance of intensive cultivation and suggest measures to improve the productivity
Ques.
of food grains in India.
Ques. What are the benefits and challenges being faced by India in privatizing Indian Railways?
What are the different types of subsidies given to farmers at state levels? Critically analyse the
Ques.
agricultural subsidy issues faced by India with respect to WTO regulations.
What are the challenges in developing world class road infrastructure in India? What measures
Ques.
have been taken by the government to upgrade the rural roads? Discuss.
Ques. Will solar energy play the game‐changer in India’s energy future? Discuss.
Describe the importance of Village Cooperative Movements in promoting rural development in
Ques.
India. What are the objectives of NDD Board?
Examine the significance of National Infrastructure Pipeline. What are the challenges faced by
Ques.
India in bringing infrastructural reforms in India. Critically examine.

Ques. The initiative to construct a new Parliament has been the need for a long time. Comment.
 What is blue revolution? Discuss the different aspects which have helped India raise its share into
Ques.
world economy through multiple revolutions.
Discuss the measures that have been taken by the government to increase tax compliance.
Ques.
Analyze Vivaad Se Vishwaas.
The onion crisis is the result of market inefficiencies, weak supply chains and monopolies in the
Ques.
market. Analyse the challenges faced by India in regulating the prices.
Describe the important new techniques which are being introduced in India for land
Ques.
measurement improvement.
Improving the fiscal situation will play an important role in ensuring inclusive growth in India. Do
Ques.
you agree? Substantiate with the budget prospects of 2020.

Ques. Discuss the impact of Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016. How does it integrate with military policies?
GS-4
 Discuss the importance of autonomy. Examine the issues faced by constitutional bodies in
Ques.
establishing ethical conduct for themselves.
The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in
Ques. harmony with all existence. Comment with respect the integration of holistic wellness in Indian
Education System.
What are Khap Panchayats? Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, executive, and
Ques.
judiciary to set the things right in this regard.
Ques. Define Genetic engineering. Analyze the issues related to designer babies.
Discuss at length the potential of e-governance in India. How can India achieve the aim of being
Ques.
Vishwa-Guru using e-governance?
Ques. “Learn this from water: loud splashes the brook but the oceans depth are calm.” Comment.
Ques.   What  do  you  understand  by  the  term  ‘ethics in economic sanctions’? 
Ques. Examine the concept of ethical surrogacy.
What are the Ethical Issues Involved in Juvenile Justice System? What are the negative implications
Ques.
associated with it?
Ques. How does a country transform itself to tackle the cruelty against animals.? Analyse
Ques. In the absence of well – educated and organised local level government system,
‘Panchayats’ and ‘Samitis’ have remained mainly political institutions and not effective
Ques.
instruments of governance. Critically Discuss
Ques. A man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks he becomes. Discuss
Ques. How does emotional intelligence help an individual in taking ethical decisions? Analyse.
Ques. A public servant is needed to be politically neutral, not programme neutral. Comment.
 Discuss the integration of Business Ethics and Corporate Governance with the prospect of
Ques.
establishing scientific social responsibility.
Ques. Give your perception how values keep changing with time and situation. Give due justification.
Ques. What is Globalization? Elaborate values associated with free trade in Globalized world.
Ques. Why Marital Rape should not be criminalized? Why Marital Rape should be criminalized?
Examine the dilemmas related to Refugee crisis. How Rohingya Crisis tests the integrity and
Ques.
accountability of Human Rights treaties?
Ques. How can a vigilance committees empathize with public? Discuss with suitable examples.
Ques. Why Migration occurs? Discuss the case study of Syria.…"
What do you understand by ‘values’ and ‘ethics’? In what way is it important to be ethical 
Ques.
along with being professionally competent?
Ques. Substantiate your opinion with suitable illustration the issues related to stem cells and cloning.
Ques. Examine the moral judgments in international relations ethical relation in funding.
Ques. Examine the significance of steps taken by world bank for good corporate governance.
Debate on the role of media and ethical issues faced by reporters. Do you agree that trial by media
Ques.
and media prejudice justifiable in 21st century?

Ques. There is no dearth of instances where affluent and powerful people indulge in corruption in a big
way. What are the basic causes of corruption among people? Support your answer with examples
What are the civil society initiatives to expose corruption? Analyse and discuss the evolution and role
Ques.
of Whistleblower Act.
Persuasion tactics in recent times have become the buzzword for determining the success of a
Ques.
person. Do you agree? Elucidate.
Ques.
Analyse the law of abortion in India. Critically analyse the need of such laws in contemporary world.
How does work culture in a political democracy differ from that of an monarchy? Examine the
Ques.
importance of code ethics.
The crisis of ethical values in modern times is traced to a narrow perception of the
Ques.
good life. Discuss.
Ques. What does ‘virtue ethics’ mean in the context of public service? What measures can be
Ques. adopted to ensure individual and collective accountability of public servants?
Ques. Examine the utility of emotional intelligence in an organization.
Ques. Debate upon the quality of service delivery by government agencies.
What measures would you suggest  to separate genuine and non‐genuine applications in case of
Ques.
government recruitments? Give merits and demerits of your suggestions.
What measures would you suggest  to separate genuine and non‐genuine applications? Give 
Ques.
merits and demerits of your suggestions.
Ques. Discuss the relevance of Mahavir’s ethical teachings in contemporary world.

Ques.
What do you understand by ethics of environment? Describe the significance of environmental ethics.
Ques. The currency of leadership is accountability. Do you agree? Substantiate.
‘The king should surrender his individuality in the interest of his duty’. Discuss the significance and
Ques.
relevance of Kautilaya’s administration policies applied to administration of today.
Ques. Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in bureaucracy.
How does lack of probity affect the government policies delivery? Illustrate with the help of suitable
Ques.
examples.
 In your own words, explain Sardar Patel’s principle of unity in diversity. Do you think that this could
Ques.
be a useful moral principle for you in everyday life?
How do the virtues of honesty and gratitude get manifested in public service? Explain with
Ques.
examples.
Do you think the perks of public servants should be increased to reduce corruption? Critically
Ques.
comment with the context of India’s ranking in Corruption Index.
Should the philosophy of Swami Vivekanand Vedanta be applied in politics and administration to
Ques.
achieve desirable objectives? Analyse.
“Ethical values are more important than economic values.” Discuss the above statement with
Ques.
examples in the context of good governance of a nation.
Corporate governance is driven by motives and ambitions. Do you agree? Substantiate with
Ques.
examples.
Ques. Discuss in detail Gandhiji’s philosophy of “Satya & Ahinsa”.
What are the issues of keeping animals as pets? How can ethical consideration help resolve these
Ques.
issues? Discuss with specific examples.
Ques. Define corruption. What are various approaches and efficacy to deal with corruption?
Ques. What are the flaws in RTI and describe major recommendations for improvement?
What do you understand by the term “Conflict of Interest” and how does it manifest in the decision
Ques.
making by public servants?
Ques. With the help of suitable examples, discuss the various components of Good Governance.
Ques. Examine the code of conduct for ministers. What are the components of a citizen charter.
Ques. Explain how emotional intelligence contributes to social and human well‐being
 With the help of suitable examples illustrate the manner in which laws, rules and regulations act as
Ques.
sources of moral guidance in a democratic nation.

Ques.
With examples from your own life explain how social media has helped you shape your morality?
“Plans to protect air and water, wilderness and wildlife are in fact plans to protect man.” – Stewart
Ques.
Udall. Analyse
What are some of the most principle concerns in government institutions? Substantiate with
Ques.
examples.
Ques. What is the ego defensive function of attitude? What is it’s utility in legislational forums?
Ques. What do you understand by the terms Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas & Sabka Vishwas?
Ques. Elucidate the relevance of emotional intelligence in civil service.
Ques. Analyse the foundational difference between ethical & legal.
Elaborate the impartiality and non-partisanship in the aptitude and foundational values of civil
Ques.
services.

Ques.
What is the meaning of Yoga? From where does the karma yoga philosophy originates? Discuss.
Ques. Discuss the models of emotional intelligence given by Peter Salovey and John Mayer.
Ques. Analyse Chanakya’s concept of social justice in the Indian Context.
Ques. Sustainable development and climate change are two sides of the same. Comment.
“Science and technology are a complement to human instinct and intuition, not an alternative”, do
Ques.
you agree? Discuss in the ambit of major inventions done by Indian scientists.
Discuss the Public Services Code as recommended by the 2nd Administrative Reforms
Ques.
Commission
 “If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman” Margaret
Ques.
Thatcher. Elucidate.
Ques. Discuss the essential Aptitude for civil servants.
“Keep true, never be ashamed of doing right; decide on what you think is right and stick to it.” ‐
Ques.
George Eliot. Discuss George Eliot’s views.
Ques. The supreme quality a leader is humility. Do you agree? Substantiate your views
What do you understand by inculcating values? Give examples of some of the inculcating values
Ques.
expected from the civil servants in present times.
How could minimum government and maximum governance contribute to the success of
Ques.
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?
Do you think aptitude and contribution of family education is a much needed attribute for a civil
Ques.
servant? Substantiate your views.
What do you understand by pluralism? Illustrate with examples the grounds on which it has been
Ques.
criticized and appreciated.
Law and ethics are considered to be the two tools for controlling government so as to make it
Ques.
conducive to civilized social existence. Discuss how they achieve this objective.
Discuss how values and ethics in legislature are losing their significance. Many undesirable values
Ques. prevalent in today’s legislators. Discuss how it leads to negative emotions and undesirable
behaviours.
Ques. How will you apply emotional intelligence in international relations of the country?

Ques.
Bhutan recently decriminalised homosexuality. What are your views on homosexuality? Is it immoral?
Ques.
Anger is a harmful negative emotion. Do you agree that anger in love up-side down? Substantiate
Strength, peace, and security are considered to be the pillars of domestic peace of a nation.
Ques.
Elucidate.
With the help of suitable examples, examine the ways in which cinema influence alters one’s moral
Ques.
compass.
“Children must be taught how to think, not what to think” by Margaret Mead. Critically analyse this
Ques.
statement.
The crisis of ethical values in modern pandemic times is traced to a narrow perception of the
Ques.
good life. Discuss with the prospects of duties and rights in the times of pandemic.
What are some of the instances from the life of Mahatma Gandhi that stand as the epitome of selfless
Ques.
and ethical public conduct? Discuss.
Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics.
Ques.
Suggest how pressure groups can help in integrating Indian youth in politics.

Ques.
Justify the consequences of ethics in human actions. Illustrate the basic concepts of Moral & Value.
Examine how CSR and newly inducted SSR makes companies more profitable and sustainable.
Ques.
Analyse
Ques. Discuss the Indian perspective of approaches to ethical study
Can law alone ensure ethical conduct? Critically examine with respect to the judgement on Nirbhaya
Ques.
case.
 “If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are
Ques. three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the father, the mother, and the
teacher.” – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. Comment
Ques. Describe the dimensions and essence of ethics.

The world started 21st century with expectations that the political character of this century would be
Ques. largely democratic, as countries throughout the developing and post-Communist worlds worked
steadily to fulfil the widespread democratic aspirations. What do you understand by this
statement? Explain with illustration in the contemporary times?