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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this report is to analyze the Water Supply

System of the University of Sto. Tomas.

The author has made an extraneous effort to research on

the water system in the hope of improving its facilities.

After acquiring the data and working drawings, the author

sought the advice of practicing professional mechanical

engineers on the aforesaid design and operation scheme. It

was noted by the consultants (who did not design the

system) that the existing water distribution scheme is

indeed remarkable not only in matters of design but also in

its economic aspect. It was, however, noted that some

buildings require additional amount of fire suppression

system; an example of which is the Faculty of Engineering

(Roque Ruaño) Building.

The Ruaño Building has only a dry pipe system dependent

on the Fire Truck, should fire occur, by connecting to the

Siamese twin FD Connection.

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By improving the fire suppression of this building, it will

serve as model for the other buildings which are required

to have such system not only as mandated by law but for

purposes of safety.

As it will be discussed later in the report, the prime

purpose of fire suppression system is PRESERVATION OF

LIFE AND LIMB.

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BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
SANTO TOMAS

The University of Santo Tomas UST is the oldest existing

university in Asia and in terms of student population, the

largest Catholic university in the world located in one

campus.

It was founded on April 28, 1611 by the third Archbishop of

Manila, Msgr. Miguel de Benavides, O.P., together with Frs.

Domingo de Nieva and Bernardo de Santa Catalina. It was

originally conceived as a school to prepare young men for

the priesthood.

Located within Intramuros, the Walled City, it was first

called Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario and

later renamed Colegio de Santo Tomas in memory of the

foremost Dominican Theologian, Saint Thomas Aquinas.

In 1624, the Colegio was authorized to confer academic

degrees in Theology, Philosophy and Arts. On November

20, 1645 Pope Innocent X elevated the College to the rank

of a university and in 1680, it was subsequently placed

under royal patronage. In 1785, for the exceptional loyalty

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shown by the administration and students who volunteered

to defend Manila against the British invasion, King Charles

III of Spain granted it the title of "Royal University".

Pope Leo XIII made the University of Santo Tomas a

"Pontifical University" on September 17, 1902 and in 1974,

Pope Pius XII bestowed upon it the title of "The Catholic

University of the Philippines".

In 1927, with continuing increase in enrolment, the

University moved from Intramuros to its present site in the

district of Sampaloc which covers an area of exactly 21.5

hectares. On this 21.5 hectare campus now stand the

facilities for 16 ecclesiastical and civil faculties/colleges,

the graduate school, secondary school

Since its foundation, the University's academic life has

been interrupted only twice: 1898 to 1899, during the

Philippine revolution against Spain; and 1942 to 1945,

during the Japanese occupation of Manila, when the

University of Santo Tomas was transformed by the

Japanese Forces into a concentration camp.

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From 1611 to 1896, seven faculties were established in the

University. These were the Faculty of Sacred Theology

(1611), the Faculty of Philosophy (1611), the Faculty of

Canon Law (1733), the Faculty of Civil Law (1734), the

Faculty of Medicine & Surgery (1871), the Faculty of

Pharmacy (1871), and the Faculty of Arts & Letters (1896).

The twentieth century saw the founding of nine more

facilities/colleges in UST. The Faculty of Engineering

(1907) is the oldest in this group, followed by the College

of Education (1926), the College of Science (1926), the

College of Architecture (1930), the College of Commerce &

Accounting (1933), the Graduate School (1938), the

Conservatory of Music (1945), the College of Nursing

(1946), and the College of Rehabilitation Sciences (1974).

The College of Fine Arts & Design, which was formerly with

Architecture, became a separate unit in year 2000, thus

making it the latest addition to UST’s degree granting

units.

Throughout its long history, the UST has kept to its mission

of forming “competent and compassionate professionals

committed to the service of the Church, the nation, and the

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global community.” Indeed, the University takes pride in

having contributed to the formation of great men and

leaders, like Jose Burgos, Cayetano Arellano, Jose Rizal,

Apolinario Mabini, Antonio Luna, Manuel Quezon, Sergio

Osmena, Claro Recto and Diosadado Macapagal.

Recently (1999), UST officially stated it intent to “move

from a primarily teaching institution to a Teaching-

Research-Community Service oriented university, and

integrated more deeply Christian and ethical values in

these functions.” A number of university-wide programs

along this line have since taken off; while implementing

guidelines are being prepared for others.

In keeping with the aforesaid intent, the University today

has its efforts in continuously upgrading the quality of

instruction, sustaining the drive for excellence in research,

and contributing to the development of the marginalized.

As it prepares itself for its 400th year foundation in 2011,

UST establishes campuses outside España: a campus will

rise in Sta. Rosa Laguna, and another one is forthcoming in

General Santos City, Mindanao. Through these campuses,

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UST will continue to provide Filipinos with the characteristic

quality Catholic education that it has been known for.

ORGANIZATION SET-UP

The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The

Catholic University of the Philippines (or simply the

"University of Santo Tomas", "UST") is a private Roman

Catholic university run by the Order of Preachers in Manila.

The Rector is the University’s highest official who have the

final say in the implementation of various educational

programs, reforms, and changes in campus facilities. As

executive authority, he can promulgate regulations which

can become laws of the University once approved by the

other Executive Authorities—the grand chancellor (the

Dominican Master General, Dominican Philippine Province

head), vice chancellor and the vice rector.

One of the offices under the Vice Rector for Finance is the

Building and Ground Office. The Building and Ground

Office is responsible for the operation and maintenance of

the physical plant facilities of the University. The office

renders services such as engineering services, general

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services, custodial services, consultancy, and coordination

with the various academic and administrative offices and

their officials. The UST Organization Set-up is illustrated

on the next page.

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LOCATION

The main campus of the University of Santo Tomas is

located at Manila's Sampaloc district, bounded by Espana

Blvd. and Dapitan St., Arsenio H. Lacson and Padre Noval

Sts. occupying in an almost perfect square of 215,000

square meters. Page 26 shows site proximity map of the

main campus. Upcoming campuses are at Sta. Rosa,

Laguna, occupying 440,000 square meters (campus

development in progress for 2011), General Santos City,

800,000 square meters (campus development in progress

for 2011), and Negombo, Sri Lanka, 50,000 square meters

(campus development in progress for 2011). In 2011, the

University will be celebrating its 400th founding

anniversary, and it is projected that the new campuses will

be operational by then. Prominent landmarks in the

Manila campus include:

The Main Building (15)

Floor Area: 24,940 sq. m. / 4-storey

This unique and impressive structure is a famous landmark

in the City of Manila. It was designed by the Dominican

priest and engineer, Fr. Roque Ruaño, O.P. and was

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completed on July 2, 1927. It has the distinction of being

the first earthquake-proof building in the country.

The ground floor and second level of the Main Building are

occupied by administrative offices and non-academic

departments. The Faculty of Civil Law, the Faculty of

Pharmacy and the College of Science are also housed in

this building. The UST Museum of Arts and Sciences has

been in the Main Building since 1936.

Roque Ruaño Building (Engineering Building) (30)

Floor Area: 17,493 sq.m. / 3-storey front wing/ 5-storey

back wing

The edifice was initially constructed as a one-floor structure

after World War II. In 1950, Julio Rocha designed the

present building which was considered as one of the most

modern buildings in the country at that time, being one of

the firsts to use sun breakers. Today, the Ruano building,

named after the engineer-friar dean of Engineering,

consists of two wing – a three – storey wing or front wing

designed by Rocha, and the five storey- wing of the back

wing designed by Manuel Francisco, and constructed in

1966 as an expansion of the front wing. Presently the

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building occupied entirely by the Faculty of Engineering

houses air-conditioned conference hall and audio visual

room with seating capacity of 145 and 50 respectively,

twelve laboratories and three computer rooms. The

Faculty has 35 state-of-art classrooms (with air-

conditioning units and multi-media equipment).

Albertus Magnus Building (Education Building) (35)

Floor Area: 23,630.40 sq. m. / 5-storey

The Albertus Magnus Building, designed by Architect

Manuel Francisco, was completed in 1969. In 1950,

however, a building for the conservatory of Music was

constructed on the same site where the present Albertus

Magnus Building is found.

Presently, it is occupied by the College of Education,

Conservatory of Music, Institute of Tourism and Hospitality

Management, High School, and the Elementary School. It

houses three mini libraries, two computer rooms, five

laboratories, two audio visual rooms and a large auditorium

with seating capacity of 385.

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St. Raymund Building (Commerce and A.B. Building)
(7)
Floor Area: 7,632 sq. m / 4 – storey

Before World War II, the Mines Building was located on the

site of the St. Raymund’s Building. Later, in 1950, a small

Public Dispensary was added. However, in 1956, the

Education Building designed by Manuel Francisco, was

constructed on this site.

Finally, in 1967, the building was renamed as St.

Raymund’s Building and the College of Education moved to

its present location beside the Roque Ruaño Building.

The present structure houses the Faculty of Arts and

Letters and the College of Commerce and Business

Administration. It houses the Rizal conference hall with

seating capacity of 195.

St. Martin de Porres Buildibg (Medicine Building) (8)

Floor Area: 21,000 sq.m. / 4-storey

This building was constructed in 1952 to address the

growing need for space by the Faculty of Medicine and

Surgery. Prior to occupying this building, Medicine and

Surgery was located in a one-storey structure where the

UST High School Building presently stands.

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At present, the Medicine Building which was later renamed

St. Martin de Porres Building houses eleven air-conditioned

conference lecture halls, seven laboratories including a

large dissection hall, an Ossarium and the Museums of

Legal Medicine, Anatomy and Pathology. In addition, it

boasts of a large auditorium with seating capacity of 1200,

a state-of-the-art CME auditorium with a seating capacity

of 350, an updated medical library, a high tech learning

resources unit, an adjacent Experimental Surgery Building

with facilities for Molecular Biology, and numerous regular

classrooms shared with the College of Nursing and College

of Rehabilitation Sciences.

Benavides Building Building (Graduate School and

High School Building) (4)
Floor Area: 6,939 sq. m / 3-storey

This structure, designed by Architect Engracio Mariano, is

home to the UST Graduate School and the UST High

School. It was built in 1978 after the original edifice was

destroyed by fire on June 2, 1975. It would be recalled

that from 1935 to 1951, the building was occupied by the

Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine and

Surgery. It was only in 1952 when it was actually occupied

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by the UST High School. Today the building houses two

laboratories for graduate school and two laboratories for

high school, two computer rooms, two audio visual rooms,

an auditorium with seating capacity of 150 and a library.

Beato Angelico Building (Architecture and Fine Arts

and Design Building) (29)
Floor Area: 7,735 sq. m. / 7-storey

The UST Press, founded by the Dominican Order in 1593,

was constructed in 1940, at the same site where the Beato

Angelico Building today stands.

The Beato Angelico Building, constructed in 1991, is and

eighty-storey structure that houses the College of

Architecture, the College of Fine Arts and Design, an art

gallery for the exhibits of students, faculty members and

alumni artists, and an auditorium with seating capacity of

172. Since 1996, it has accommodated the offices and

technical facilities of the UST Publishing House. The

building was designed by Architect Yolanda D. Reyes.

Santisimo Rosario Parish Church / UST Central

Seminary Building (14)

Completed in 1934 as the Seminary Building of the

University, the structure is masterpiece of Fernando

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Ocampo. This edifice housed the Dominican fathers during

World War II. At present, it is occupied by the University

Chapel also known as the Santisimo Rosario Parish Church,

the Fathers’ Residence and the Faculties of Ecclesiastical

Studies.

An extension of the Main Seminary was also built by

Ocampo in 1956 for the academic training and formation of

candidates for the priesthood. In the late 1990s, the

Chapel, particularly the sanctuary area, was renovated.

UST AMV- College of Accountancy with Multi-deck

Carpark (24)

Floor Area: 26,460 sq.m / 4 - storey

Located in front of the UST Hospital, a four-level structure

designed by the Recio + Casas architectural firm stands.

The first three levels consist of a multi-level car park with

300 slots and operate on a 24 hour basis, 20 commercial

stalls and 21 commercial spaces which offer food, medical

supplies, telecommunications equipment, spa and salon

and a boutique. This has been in full operation since

November 2005.

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The UST Alfredo M. Velayo-College of Accountancy occupies

the fourth level of the building. The college has 31 state-of-

art classrooms (with air-conditioning units and multi-media

equipment), two computer laboratories, library, EDP room,

prayer room, three multi-purpose halls with operable

partitions that can accommodate a minimum of 300

persons, faculty room with conference room, administration

office, Guidance and Counseling office, three consultation

cubicles, school organization room, and student publication

room.

Miguel de Benavides Library (CENTRAL LIBRARY

BUILDING) (41)

Floor Area: 14,010 sq.m / 6 - storey

The imposing structure was inaugurated in 1989 and

became fully operational in 1990. The Miguel de Benavides

Library contains a rich collection of books and periodicals,

listing more than 450,000 volumes in its catalogues, with

hundreds of new materials added regularly. It also boast

of an exceptional collection of rare books and manuscripts

certainly unique in the Philippines. Recent technological

advancements have changed library services.

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The Antonio V. del Rosario UST Heritage Library,

discussion rooms, conference hall, music section and a

coffee shop are the other facilities found at the library.

Thomas Aquinas Research Center (TARC) (47)

Floor Area: 8,780sq.m. / 4 - storey

The Thomas Aquinas Research Complex is the concrete

manifestation of the University’s research. The TARC helps

the University’s research goal of becoming a creative

ecological environment where scholars seek to contribute

to human knowledge, both pure and applied, with a

concern for the ethical and moral implications of the

methods used in the process and the outputs generated

from the research studies.

The TARC was inaugurated in November 2001. The four

storey building houses ten research centers, research

laboratories, five seminar rooms, an auditorium with

seating capacity of 220, a hostel with 16 rooms which will

eventually serve as laboratory for Hotel and Restaurant

Management students, and a green house and animal

house at the rooftop.

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UST Tan Yan Kee Student Center Building (36)

Floor Area: 4,244 sq.m / 4 – storey

The UST Tan Yan Kee Student Center serves as the nucleus

of all the 32 university-wide and faculty/college-based

student organizations. The four storey building houses the

Business Development Center, the Varsitarian, the Office

for Admission (first floor); Central Student Council Office,

Office for Student Affairs (OSA), OSA Conference Room,

Student Organizations Coordinating Council Office, National

Service Training Program Office, a Music Room where

Choral groups can rehearse, a Workshop Room for

rehearsals of theatre groups, and a Wellness Center which

is a mini-gym for the students (second floor); the

organization rooms, the Center for Campus Ministry (CCM),

the CCM chapel, the CCM Conference Room, and the CCM

Volunteers’ Area (third floor); and the organization rooms,

multi-purpose rooms and a multi-media room that can

accommodate 200 persons (fourth floor).

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The building which was constructed through a funding from

the Tan Yan Kee Foundation, was inaugurated and blessed

on October 3, 2006.

UST Health Service (20)

Floor Area: 1,648 sq.m / 4-storey

Originally built as a single storey structure in 1940 as the

site of the University Restaurant, it became the Student

Clinic and Dispensary in 1951. Today, the building houses

the UST Health Service and the Department of Guidance

and Counseling.

UST Gymnasium (22) and Swimming Pool (25)

When the UST Gymnasium and Swimming Pool were

completed on March 7, 1933, the facilities were the most

modern in the Far East. The gymnasium served as the

venue for social and cultural events, as well as the

commencement exercises of the University from 1933 to

the 1950s. It also housed the Conservatory of Music from

1946 to 1949.

Today, the UST Gymnasium is home to the Institute of

Physical Education and Athletics (IPEA) which are used for

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sports activities of the University and for the Physical

Education classes of the students. Its major facilities

include an Olympic-size swimming pool, a basketball court

which is also used as a volleyball court. The Gymnasium

building is in itself historical, having witnessed so many

events in the University, being one of the first structures

built in the campus, was designed by noted architect

Fernando Ocampo.

UST Grandstand (26) and Parade Ground

During World War II, the Parade Ground was converted

into vegetable garden tended by the allied prisoners of the

war at UST. The UST Grandstand was constructed in 1970

and since then has become the venue of significant

University events, including the historic visits of Pope Paul

VI in 1970 and Pope John Paul II in 1981 and 1995.

However, there was a much older structure which served

as stage for social, military and cultural events, and

commencement exercises from 1936 to 1970.

At present, the office of the Department of Military Science

and Tactics is found at the back of the UST Grandstand.

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Classes are held every Sunday at the Parade Ground for

the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC).

UST Sports Complex

The present sports complex in front of the Albertus Magnus

and Roque Ruaño buildings were used as a football field

from 1950 to 1987. The existing complex, which is of

modern design, was completed in the late 1980s. Today it

is used for sports activities of the University and for the

Physical Education classes of the students. Its major

facilities include a half size football field, two outdoor

basketball courts and one covered basketball court which

also used as a volleyball court.

Domus Mariae International Residence (UST

HOSTEL)

Floor Area: 572 sq.m / 2-storey

The Hostel provides UST students and guests with living

facilities situated in a safe environment and one which is

conducive to effective education. It is a two-storey building

with a 40-bed capacity and air-conditioned bedrooms.

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UST Publishing House & Printing Press Building

The UST Publishing House releases a host of textbooks, as

well as religious, literary and scholarly titles. It has its own

printing arm that is equipped with state-of-the-art printing

machines from Germany and top-of-the-line computers

from the United States, Japan and other countries.

Building and Ground (B&G Building) (5)

Floor Area: 1455 sq.m. / 3-storey

The present building was completed in 2000 and became

the permanent office and storage of the University’s

maintenance facility. It houses eight department’s rooms

upholstery, air condition & refrigeration, welding, electrical,

carpentry, painting equipment storage, and plumbing.

UST Hospital (Pay Hospital) (18)

Floor Area: 27,150 sq. m / 5-storey

The UST Hospital and Charity Ward became operational in

1946. Pay Hospital currently maintains 352 private patient

beds. The façade of the hospital building was renovated in

2006. In 1990, the Medical Arts Building, which is an

adjoining structure, was completed.

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The UST Hospital also houses the USTH-Benavides Cancer

Institute. It aims to become the country’s only world-

class, fully staffed and fully equipped center dedicated to

deliver comprehensive care for cancer patients. UST

Hospitals (USTH), (Pay Hospital and Clinical Division)

became a separate institution in October 2000. Summit

Marketing Group, Inc. took over the management and

operation of these hospitals. When it became a separate

institution, there was a change in management. The

operation and maintenance of hospital facilities are

separate from the University. The USTH have its own

power (from Meralco) and water supply (from MWSI)

connections separate from the University. In 2005

former UST Rector Tamerlane Lana O.P., along with the

rest of the Board of Trustees, authorized USTH to become

a private corporation that is distinct and separate from the

University.

UST Clinical Division (9)

Floor Area: 35,080 sq.m / 8-storey

To serve the medical needs of the charity patients

from indigent communities within the district, the

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ust clinical division facility was made available for

use in 1963. The clinical division currently

maintains 460 dedicated beds for charity or clinical

patients.

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Figure 1. LOCATION MAP OF UST

Figure 2. University of Santo Tomas Building Layout

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CHAPTER II

DESIGN APPROACH

The existing water supply of the University of Santo Tomas

utilizes to sources:

1. Potable Water Source

This comes from the city mains (Maynilad Waters) and

buffer deep well source, which is used for general

consumption including drinking water from coolers

and for cooking.

a. Maynilad Water Services, Inc. Line

The University mainly gets its potable water supply

from Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (MWSI) lines.

Presently there are six (6) water connections

utilized. Each of this connections are assigned to

different number of buildings in the campus to

supply water to building’s respective water storage

tank or cistern through booster pumps and are

identified through water meter number listed in

Table 1.

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Table 1 UST Average Monthly MWSI Water Consumption

Water Meter Location Ave. Monthly Receiving Buildings

No. Consumption, m3
Engineering Bldg,
(1) 1306088-98 A.H. Lacson St. 1044 Education Bldg., &
Gym
Accountancy / Multi-
(2) 00965AT98 A.H. Lacson St. 273
deck Carpark
Architecture and Fine
(3) 9594617-04 A.H. Lacson St. 190 Arts & Design &
Library
Main Building &
(4) 9594571-04 A.H. Lacson St. 1804
Health Service Center
Medicine Bldg,
Commerce Bldg.,
(5) 9594491-04 Dapitan St. 6865 Student Center and
Graduate School and
High School Bldg.
Central Seminary,
Father’s Residence,
(6) 9594628-04 Dapitan St. 1779
Research Bldg &
B&G
Total: 11954

Note: Average Monthly Consumption is based on utilization months of

December, January, February, March, April May and June. The
detailed monthly and average daily consumption from December 8,
2006 to June 11, 2007 is shown in Table 2.

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Table 2 UST MWSI Water CONSUMPTION

Monthly Consumption, cu.m

Water Meter Location Receiving Buildings (From Dec. 8, 2006 to June 11, 2007) Ave. Daily Consumption cu.m
No. 8-Dec 9-Jan 8-Feb 12-Mar 11-Apr 11-May (based on 22 days per month)
9-Jan 8-Feb 12-Mar 11-Apr 11-May 11-Jun AVE.
(1) 1306088-98 A.H. Lacson St. Engineering Bldg,
596 875 1,312 940 518 2,025 1044 47
Education Bldg., & Gym
(2) 00965AT98 A.H. Lacson St. Accountancy / Multi-deck
10 97 839 10 110 569 273 12
Carpark
(3) 9594617-04 A.H. Lacson St. Architecture and Fine Arts
198 303 257 288 55 39 190 9
& Design & Library
(4) 9594571-04 A.H. Lacson St. Main Building & Health
1,445 1,906 2,136 2,152 1,608 1,576 1804 82
Service Center
(5) 9594491-04 Dapitan St. Medicine Bldg, Commerce
Bldg., Student Center and
Graduate School and High 6,679 7,777 7,954 6,252 6,103 6,423 6865 312
School Bldg.

(6) 9594628-04 Dapitan St. Central Seminary, Father’s

Residence, Research Bldg 1,843 2,027 1,916 2,170 1,466 1251 1779 81
& B&G
TOTAL 10771 12985 14,414 11812 9,860 11,883 11954 0

Note: Figures were taken from MWSI Water bills. Also the figures for (1)
Engineering, Education & Gym and (2) Research Building and B&G
are not the actual consumption of Potable Domestic Water
considering both with deep well for back up nevertheless can be
considered as approximate actual consumption.

b. Deep Well

As a back-up for MWSI water supply two deep wells

are utilized situated in selected areas of the

University. One of the deep well (60 gpm) is

located at the España St. side of the Engineering

Building. It is used to supply water to the potable

domestic water ground leveled tank (for

Engineering and Education Buildings and Gym).

The other deep well (30 gpm) is located right

beside the Research Building which used as back up

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water supply to the potable water domestic water

underground tank (for Central Seminary, Father’s

Residence and Research Building).

2. Non-potable Water Source

This comes from recycled water from the Sewage

Treatment Plant, and is mainly used for lavatory

applications. In this report, it will be used for fire

protection as well.

Non-potable water comes from the UST Sewage

Treatment Plant (STP) situated in 575 sq.m

underground along Villamor Drive. The STP employs

a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Activated Sludge

Process that accomplishes equalization, aeration and

clarification in a timed sequence. This allows the

recycling of treated water that will be used for lawn

maintenance, cleaning and toilets.

Recycled water is transferred to different buildings

through STP pumping facilities. Inside the STP pump

house are three 15-hp pumps both discharges to a 6-

inch diameter main pipe. The main pipe is branched

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into three 2-inch diameter pipes lines (Pipe Lines 1, 2

& 3). Each of these pipes lines brings recycled water

to non-potable water storage tank or cistern of the

different buildings of the University. Table 3 shows

recycled water distribution to different buildings

through pipe lines. Also installed are two 7.5-hp

pumps discharges to a 2- inch diameter pipe line (Pipe

Line 4) which used to convey treated water to non-

potable domestic water tank of the newly constructed

Student Center Building .

Just outside the STP pump house are two 7.5-hp

pumps also discharges to 2-inch diameter pipes line

(Pipe Line 5) which is use to supply recycled water to

underground non-potable domestic water tank of the

Medicine and Commerce Buildings.

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Table 3 Recycled Water Distribution System

Pipe Size Receiving Buildings & Facilities Ave. Daily

Line No. inches Consumption
m3
Beato Angelico Bldg. (Architecture and Fine Arts
& Design Bldg.), Benavides Bldg. (Graduates
1 2
School and High School Bldg.), Central Seminary
& Fathers Residence
350
2 2 Main Building & Garden
Roque Ruano Bldg. (Engineering Bldg.), Albertus
2
3 Magnus Bldg. (Education Bldg.), AVM College
of Accountancy w/ Mult-deck Parking
60
4 2 Student Center Bldg.
5 2 St. Raymund Bldg. (Commerce Bldg.) & St. 235
Martin de Porres Bldg. (Medicine Bldg. )

Based on the average daily consumption listed a

certain building would likely consumed 60-80 m 3 of

recycled water (or non-potable domestic water) per

day. STP treated water are stored in a tank, located

at the back of the Medicine Building, is buried nine

meters below ground to prevent the foul odor from

escaping. The tank’s capacity is approximately 1,250

cubic meters of water per day. It can still service 10

more buildings.

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COVERAGE AND DESIGN LIMITS

It will be presume in this study that the data for water

demand has already been established through the analysis

of a sanitary engineer or a master plumber.

Mechanical Design shall cover only the pump room, piping

system and other accessories, which limits the scope of a

mechanical engineer as defined in Republic Act No. 8495.

In addition, the Roque Ruaño Building will be used as

model for the design of fire suppression system using wet

standpipe and adding an automatic sprinkler system.

UST EXISTING FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Although no formal fire brigade is established, certain

employees of the University are generally knowledgeable

and capable of handling emergency situations and may be

called upon to respond to fire emergencies until

professional firefighters and equipment arrive.

The University Security and Safety Services Office (SSSO)

have established a close working relationship with the

district fire departments. Campus access to fire

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departments personnel is imperative. Every year the SSSO

conduct fire drill exercise for each building.

University buildings are fire resistant and equipped with

systems for fire detection and control including heat and

smoke detectors; fire alarm pulls station, and bells

throughout corridors in buildings.

The University is equipped with fire protection equipment

as follows:

 the Beato Angelico Building (Architecture and

Fine Arts & Design Building) and UST AMV-

College of Accountancy with Multi-deck Carpark

are protected by a combination of automatic

sprinkler system and standpipe system.

 the Research Building and Student Center

Building are protected by a wet, standpipe

system with fire pump.

 and the rest of buildings including the Library are

protected by a dry, standpipe system without fire

pump.

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Most areas on campus are equipped with ABC, CO 2 and/or

Halogenated extinguishers best suited to fight fire most

likely to occur in these areas. Simple instructions for the

use of these extinguishers are printed on all units.

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WATER SYSTEM GENERAL DISTRIBUTION
SCHEME

The distribution scheme will be as follows:

 Water will be distributed using ASTM A53 Hot Dipped,

Zinc Coated, Galvanized Pipes imbedded under the

concrete pavement of the campus to maintain

aesthetics of the landscape thereby preserving the

historical value of the university.

 For purposes of convenience, cisterns will be installed

in buildings. To date, overhead tanks mounted on

towers on top of school buildings are in place. The

rationale behind this is to save on electricity

consumed by a booster pump with pressurized tank.

Furthermore, the area on the roof deck is taken

advantage in order to utilize gravity to deliver water

to its terminals in the building.

 In terms of the fire suppression system, a cistern for

every building has to be constructed in order to house

the requirement for sprinkler systems or wet

standpipe systems as the case maybe conforming to

PD 1185 and NFPA Standards as described in Chapter

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13 and 14 of the same handbook. The source of water

for the fire suppression system, in this case, the

Roque Ruaño Building serving as model, will be taken

from the recycled water processed by the Sewage

Treatment Plant (STP) of the university campus.

 Piping material to be used for fire suppression system

shall be of ASTM A53 Mild Steel Pipes Schedule 40 and

fittings as described and conforming to NFPA 13 & 14.

Specification for the installation of such is described

herein and exhibited in the appendix of this report

under Division 15 “Guide Specifications for Mechanical

Works”.

 In conformance with the Philippine Mechanical Code

and for purposes of convenience on the part of

maintenance personnel and consultants, fire

suppression pipes shall be painted fire red.

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FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM OF ROQUE
RUAÑO BUILDING

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
This building has a total area of 17,493 m2 with a 3-storey

front wing and a 5-storey back wing.

The first three floors each have an area of 4,795 m 2 while

the remaining two-storey on the back wing each have an

area of 1,554 m2.

The building shall be classified as Class II and shall be

using 1-1/2 inch fire hose with cabinets. Recommended

hose length shall be 30 m (100 feet). The fire hose

cabinets shall be strategically located for visualization as

specified in the Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1158) and

the NFPA Code Chapter 14.

In the same way, automatic sprinkler system shall be

designed to be installed in accordance with Chapter 13 of

the NFPA Code.

Piping system shall be wet type, meaning it shall be

equipped with water at all times and a fire pump and/or a

jockey pump shall be employed as well. The suction pipe

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shall be fed in the cistern constructed for this purpose.

Layout and illustration is exhibited pages 53 to 57 of this

report.

STANDPIPE SYSTEM ENGINEERING

DESIGN

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Standpipe system engineering design shall be based on

Chapter 14 of the National Fire Protection Association

(NFPA) Code while also conforming to the National Building

Code and Fire Code of the Philippines.

FIRE HOSE

Fire hose to be used shall be 38 mm in diameter as

recommended for Class II type of occupancy. The hose

shall be housed in UL listed cabinet complete with

accessories. Illustrated below is the construction and

installation specification for Class II Fire hose cabinets.

Figure 1

WATER DEMAND FOR EACH FIRE HOSE

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Class II fire hoses require around 100 gpm (380 lpm) of

water flow with a minimum residual pressure of about 65

psi (450kPa). This is according to NFPA Code Chapter 14,

Section 5-9.2. Pipes will be sized based on 100 gpm water

flow.

The basis of our design shall be on the farthest fire hose

cabinet from the fire pump system.

Since our pumping station will be located on the ground

floor quadrangle, it will be assumed that the farthest point

of fire hose cabinet will be located at the left wing of the

fifth floor. (See working drawings at page 53).

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AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
ENGINEERING DESIGN

In addition to the wet standpipe system, an automatic

sprinkler system shall be installed in this building. The

rationale behind this is to ensure public safety since its

occupancy is for scholastic purposes, and houses a lot of

chemical and technical laboratories. The prime purpose is

always the preservation of life and limb.

The design of the sprinkler system shall be based on the

NFPA Code 13. An automatic wet type system shall be

used.

TYPE OF OCCUPANCY

The Roque Ruaño Building may be classified as a Light

Hazard Type of occupancy where the quantity of

combustibility of contents is low, and fires with relatively

low rates of heat are expected.

The chemistry laboratories in the building may also be

considered light hazard since it is rarely used the frequency

of which may be only 12 hours per week.

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TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS

Sprinkler heads to be used shall be rated at 100 oF (38oC)

with a color coding of red in its fuse bulb, pendant type.

Distribution of sprinkler heads shall have an increment of

around three (03) meters, where each head shall cover an

area of around 40 m2 (400 ft2). Sprinkler heads on corners

shall be located 1.5 m from the wall.

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WATER DEMAND

A Light Hazard Sprinkler head in operation requires around

20 gpm (76 lpm) of water flow with a minimum residual

pressure of about 7 psig (50kPa). This is according to NFPA

Code Chapter 13, Section 4-1.1. Pipes will be sized based

on two (02) sprinkler heads in operation, i.e. 40 gpm.

The basis of our design shall be on the farthest sprinkler

heads from the fire pump system.

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PIPE SYSTEM ANALYSIS & HYDRAULIC
COMPUTATIONS

PIPE SIZING

Sizing pipes for fire suppression system is mainly based on

the recommendations of both the National Fire Protection

Association (NFPA) Code and the Fire Code of the

Philippines (PD 1158). This could also be noticed in practice

wherein the smallest pipe nominal diameter used is 25mm

(1 inch).

Pipe sizing shall be based on design demand. NFPA Chapter

13 recommends at least two (02) working sprinklers and

two (02) working fire hoses.

In this report, pipe sizes were based on the supply of water

on the largest room zone having 28 sprinkler heads and

two (02) fire hoses, farthest from the pump station. This is

located at the fifth floor on the left wing.

Hence, the total design demand in the piping system is as

follows:

1. For 28 sprinkler heads each having a flow rate of 20

gpm, the total flow would be 560 gpm.

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2. For 2 fire hoses each having a flow rate of 100 gpm,

the total flow would be 200 gpm.

Therefore the total demand flow would be the summation

of the two which would equal to 760 gpm.

Using the formula,

Where: = volumetric flow rate of fluid

A = cross sectional area of conduit

= velocity of fluid, which is usually 12

ft/sec for this application

Now the cross sectional area of a pipe is in circular form,

therefore the following formula is used

Where d is the mean diameter of the pipe.

Hence,

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Substituting the values in order to use gpm for volume,

Where d is now expressed in inch.

The main riser pipes and cross mains now shall be at

150mm (6 inches) in nominal diameter.

TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD

To compute for the total dynamic head, this would be the

total friction loss attributed to pipe length and fitting

losses, the static head, plus the residual pressures for both

sprinkler heads and fire hoses.

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As mentioned earlier, according to NFPA 13 and 14, the

basis of design shall be for two (02) sprinkler heads in

operation and two (02) fire hoses in operation.

Since each sprinkler head must have a residual pressure of

7 psi or around 16 feet of water; and each fire hose must

have a residual pressure of 65 psi of about 150 feet of

water; the total residual pressure requirement would be

the summation of the design residual pressures multiplied

by 2. This would total to 332 feet of water.

Take note that velocity pressure is neglected here since the

diameter of the suction and discharge pipes are the same.

Computing for the friction loss, the Darcy-Weisbach

equation is usually used. However, for purposes of

convenience, practitioners have tabulated the equivalent

friction head based on the actual length of pipes and

equivalent length of fittings. Please refer to the Appendix 1

for this table.

Friction loss will be computed based on the farthest point of

sprinkler head and fire hose. This is according the NFPA

Codes 13 & 14.

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Tabulating the results which are expressed in feet of water,

1. Total Friction Loss = 60.61 feet

2. Residual Pressure = 332.00 feet

3. Static Head = 90.00 feet

Hence, the total dynamic head (TDH) would be 482.61

feet, say 500 feet of water.

Pump Power

In designing fire suppression systems, two pumps are

always considered, namely the jockey pump and the fire

pump.

Jockey Pump

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The jockey pump serves as the first line of defense should

a fire occur and would require the operation of a sprinkler

and/or a fire hose.

“According to Tao & Janis, in their book

Mechanical Electrical Systems, “To avoid frequent
start-up of the fire pump, a small pressure maintenance
pump known as a jockey pump is installed in parallel
with fire pump. When the system pressure drops below
the preset level due to leakage or drainage, the pressure
switch will first start the jockey pump to maintain the
system pressure. If the system pressure drops rapidly, as
in case of the opening of sprinkler heads or discharge of
fire hoses, the jockey pump will not be able to maintain
the required operating pressure, and the fire pump will
start automatically”.

In specifying the jockey pump, the total dynamic head

computed in the previous section shall be used. The total

dynamic head of both the jockey and the fire pumps are

the same, since you need the same pressure to deliver and

obtain the objective of suppressing fire.

What differs the jockey pump from the fire pump is the

flow rate. The jockey pump flow rate is based on one

sprinkler head in operation and one fire hose in operation.

Its purpose is to “maintain the required static pressure of

the fire suppression system” (Fire Protection for Design

Professional, by Rolf Jensen).

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Hence, the jockey pump flow rate for this report would be

120 gpm (i.e., 20 gpm for the sprinkler plus 100 gpm for

the fire hose).

To compute for the pump power,

Where: P = Water Power

= volumetric flow rate of fluid

 = specific weight of water at 62.4 lb/ft3

H = total dynamic head in feet of water

Substituting the values, we will arrive at a jockey pump

power of 15hp.

Fire Pump

When the pressure of the jockey pump in operation drops

below about 120 psi, the fire pump automatically switches

on. This indicates that the demand for water has increased

hence requires more pressure and flow. 120 psi is based on

industry practice standard to maintain the head of the

system.

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Therefore, the flow rate of the fire pump is based on the

flow rate of the pipe sizing methodology.

Hence, using the same formula for the pump, where the

fire pump flow rate now is at 760 gpm and the same TDH

at 500 ft, the total fire pump power would be around

100hp.

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CISTERN DESIGN FOR FIRE SUPPRESSION
The source of water for fire suppression will be taken from

the recycled water from the university’s sewage treatment

plant.

To size up the cistern, NFPA 13 & 14 recommends that the

water must be enough to flood the area concerned for at

least 30 minutes. This provision is also confirmed in the

Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1158) and the Philippine

Mechanical Code.

Hence, for a flow rate of 760 gallons per minute, and to

have a supply of water enough for 30 minutes, we shall be

using this formula:

Where: V = Total Volume of Cistern

= Total Volume Flow Rate which is

760 gpm in this case

t = time, which is 30 minutes

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Hence, substituting the values,

Or V = 283.325 cubic meters say 300 m3

The dimension of the cistern now would be as follows and

as illustrated,

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

Construction details shall be as illustrated in the following

pages.

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Fire Pump Installation Details

F F

Two fire pumps each having a 50 hp capacity shall be used

for this design. The rationale is to address the zone

concerned where it may be and at the same time saving on

energy. It should be noted also that the pumps should be

tested annually during fire drills.

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ECONOMIC ASPECT OF FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

It is interesting to note that in the economic analysis of fire

suppression system, the best way is to use a simple and

yet effective design and scheme.

One cannot place a specific value and life, for which

purpose the fire suppression must serve.

For purposes of quantifying the economics for this system,

most practitioners based their schemes on insurance

premium for buildings. However, still, it will draw down to

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the argument that life cannot be compared to monetary

value, hence it is priceless.

Therefore, it is economically sound and justified that by

placing effective fire suppression would aid in saving lives

of occupants in such application. This is the reason why

most of the time these systems are termed as Life Support

System.

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CHAPTER III

EVALUATION OF UNIVERSITY MAIN WATER

DISTRIBUTION
Water Demand
As mentioned in the previous paragraphs, the University of

Sto. Tomas averages water consumption in the following

order:

1. Maynilad Water Service, Inc (MWSI) = 11,954 m3

2. Recycled Water = 14,190 m3

Average Monthly Operating Cost of Waste Water

Treatment:

Energy usage of WTP P 220,000

Salary (for 2 employees) 35,000
Cost of Chemicals 7,700
Laboratory cost 7,040

Total Cost P 269,740

Totals water consumption is about 26,144 m3 monthly.

Statistically speaking, it can be said that 54.27% of the

consumption of the campus is taken from recycled water.

If MWSI is to supply 14,190m 3 this would translate to

P496,650 MWSI water bills, for commercial rate of P35/m 3.

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This will result to a savings of about P226,910 every

month.

Economically speaking, the monetary savings can be used

in other necessary expenses like providing an ecologically

healthy campus conducive to learning which the

administration has been addressing since time immemorial.

Notice that only in the campus of the University of Sto.

Tomas can be seen trees and clean and green scenaries

which inspire the students thus providing them with a

relaxed atmosphere.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE COMMUNITY

With the savings in water consumption of the university,

the watersheds feeding the water requirement of the

metropolis may be preserved. 31,586 cubic meters of

water per month translates to around 380,000 cubic

meters or about the size of a pool 2 meters deep and the

area of a city block.

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WATER SOURCE AND DISTRIBUTION
Illustrated below is a partial identification of the sources of

water for UST. As mentioned in the previous parts of this

report, the school sources its water from the MWSI (City

Mains), Recycled Water from STP and Deep Well source (to

address additional demand).

The distribution of water to the various buildings in the

campus is done by booster pumps and using reservoirs in

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every building. Two water tanks are used: one for the

potable water and the other for recycled water.

To date, these armies of water pumps help efficiently

distribute the water demand of the campus. This may be

attributed to proper maintenance not only of the water

distribution equipment but also the system as a whole.

The water demand has been established from experience of

the administrators, engineering analysis of sanitary

engineers and master plumbers, skills of mechanical

engineers for the distribution system, ingenious techniques

on the instrumentation by electrical and electronic

engineers, the aesthetical skills of architects, civil

engineers and environmental planners, all have contributed

in making this system work effectively, thus attaining its

objective of saving water… saving money.

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CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION
The water system of the University of Santo Tomas serves

as a model for large scale water consumers and contributes

a lot to the ecological balance of the community.

While addressing the potable requirements economically,

water is being reused for applications which do not require

potability. For instance in the highlight of this report, i.e.

the design of fire suppression system for the Roque Ruaño

Building, by using recycled water as a fire fighting medium,

the contribution to ecological balance is substantial.

Although this report aims only in illustrating the

engineering procedures in designing fire suppression

systems, it will serve as a guide in installing the same

system in other buildings of the university.

As a scholastic institution, it is the moral responsibility of

the administrators of the university to protect the lives of

the students and occupants while in the premises of the

school.

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Furthermore, with this analysis, the administrators have hit

two birds with one stone, i.e.,

1. Water Conservation

2. Life Preservation