Name: Vu Son Bach

CODE: 82299
CLASS: BMM10

HOMEWORK

10 INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSION

INTRODUCING YOUR SPEECH

In public speaking, as in many other situations in life, first impressions are

vital.

As a result, a good introduction accomplishes a number of key goals:

● Gains your audience’s attention

● Signals your thesis

● Shows the relevance of the topic for your audience

● Establishes your credibility

● Previews your main points

All of this must be accomplished in a short amount of time in your introduction.

In a five- to ten-minute speech, for example, the introduction should go no
longer than one minute.

Gain Your Audience’s Attention

How do you craft an effective attention-getter?

● Tell a Story or an Anecdote.

● Offer a Striking or Provocative Statement
 ● Build Suspense
● Let Listeners Know You’re One of Them
● Use Humor,
● Ask a Rhetorical Question
● Provide a Quotation

Signal Your Thesis

After you've captured your audience's attention, you'll need to state your
speech's thesis. Your thesis statement should clearly communicate your
speech's topic and aim. This sentence, spoken early in the speech, answers a
question in the minds of the audience.

Show Your Audience What’s In It for Them

The following step is to state your speech's thesis after you've captivated your
audience's attention. Your thesis statement should clearly communicate your
speech's topic and goal. This statement, made early in the speech, responds
to a query that has been raised by members of the audience.

Establish Your Credibility

You must show that you have appropriate experience and education, as well
as significant research on the subject of your speech. You earn even more
credibility when your listeners regard you as trustworthy and believe you have
their best interests at heart. To create credibility, explain how you learned
about your issue.

Preview Your Main Points

It gives your audience an overview of the main points you'll make and helps
them visualize the structure of your speech—the order in which you'll present
them. Each major topic should be summarized in one phrase or less. The
strong second preview, on the other hand, clearly signals the speech
structure, allowing Alexandra's audience to quickly grasp the important
themes and the order in which she will cover them.

CONCLUDING YOUR SPEECH

Your introduction aids you in summarizing the message you developed in the
body of your speech and leaving a lasting impact on your audience. Start with
a transition, then summarize your important ideas before concluding with a
memorable clincher. You can following some way to build a good conclusion
speech: Transition to Your Conclusion, Summarize Your Main Points, Finish
with a Memorable Clincher, End with a Striking Sentence or Phrase.

16 INFORMATIVE SPEAKING
TECHNIQUES FOR INFORMING

Most informative speeches rely on one of the following techniques for

conveying information—definition, explanation, description, demonstration, or
narrative.

Definition

You describe something's essence, meaning, purpose, or identity. Any of the

following could be that "something":

● An object
● A person or group
● An event
● A process
● An idea or concept
We have four types of definition:
 ✔ Dictionary-The meaning of a term as it appears in a dictionary.
✔ Expert- The meaning of a term that comes from a person or an
organization that is a credible source of information on your speech’s
topic.
✔ Etymological-The understanding of a word or concept that is obtained
by tracing its roots in the same or other languages.
✔ Functional-The meaning of a term that comes from examining how it is
applied or how it functions.

Explanation
Explanation works well when you're giving a speech about a process, tracing
the end of an important event. For an interesting event, you could use
explanation to help your audience understand any one of the following: The
most common causes of running injuries, the stages that a person usually
goes through when grieving, and how Skype technology can be used for civic
engagement…

Description
When you use description, you use words to paint a mental picture for your
listeners so that they can close their eyes and imagine what you are saying.
Your descriptions can have maximum effect when you use vivid, presentation
aids. This can be especially effective if you use a sub-point to engage
listeners' imaginations.

Demonstration
If your goal is to explain to your audience how a process or set of standards
works, you may want to present a demonstration of the topic.

Narrative
Using narrative takes careful thought and preparation. You need to choose a
story that supports your message. In truth, using narrative in a speech can be
risky, but if you do it well, it offers you and your audience real rewards.
Remember that it's a bit of an art to telling a compelling story in a compelling
way that also informs and educates your audience. You want to come across
as casual and natural (rather than over-rehearsed) but also extensive
preparation and practice. It's as if you need to practice acting unaided.
TYPES OF INFORMATIVE SPEECHES

Types of objects include:

● Mechanical/technological
● Natural
● Cultural
● Personal

Individuals or Groups:
Giving an informative speech about an individual or a group offers an equally
wide range of possibilities.

Events:
An event is a notable or exceptional occurrence, either from the present time
or from some point in the past.

Processes:

A series of steps or stages that lead to outcomes. Provide informative

speeches about processes can be at the micro or macro level.

Ideas

● Family values
● Income inequality
● The economic effects of globalization
● Generational theft
● The disadvantages of technology
● “It’s better to give than to receive.”
 ● The separation of church and state
● The advantages of working for employers who contribute to social or
● ethical causes

DEVELOPING YOUR INFORMATIVE SPEECH

● Analyzing Your Audience

As with any type of public presentation, audience analysis is essential for

developing a successful speech. Focus on where and how your audience is
situated for the presentation. Look for a common ground you might have with
your audience. Consider the occasion for your speech outside of class, the
time of day, the size of your audience, the expected length of your speech.

● Selecting a Technique

Your choice of technique is crucial because it helps you decide how you’ll
develop and organize the main points and supporting materials in your
presentation.

● Focusing on Your Goal to Inform:

When developing an informative speech, it's particularly important to remain

focused on your rhetorical purpose. If you find yourself choosing evidence that
supports a particular point of view, you are going beyond informing.
Remember that it's easy to remain objective on some subjects (such as
knitting or explaining how an engine. works). But other topics, such as defining
terrorism or freedom of speech, can wander into the more persuasive territory.

ORGANIZING YOUR INFORMATIVE SPEECH

Organizational:

● Pattern Pattern: Description Example Spatial Describes or

explains elements or events as they occur in space.
● Chronological: Moves from the beginning to the end by
referencing points in time Causal: Explains the roots of a
phenomenon or process
 ● Comparison: Presents major similarities and differences between
two items
● Categorical: Main points constitute separate topics, each of which
supports

CLARIFYING AND SIMPLIFYING YOUR

MESSAGE

Clarity is something you'll want to strive for in every informative speech, no

matter what your topic is or who your listeners are. To clarify or simplify
complex messages, consider the following techniques: Use words that have
vague meanings, be hard to connect with your audience, and simplify your
message. For listeners who have little knowledge of your topic and the topic is
complex, simplicity will be vital. To clarify or simplify complex messages,
consider the following techniques:

● Move from General to Specific.

● Reduce the Quantity of Information You Present.
● Make Complex Information Seem Familiar.
● Use Presentation Aids.
● Reiterate Your Message.
● Repeat Your Message.