618/22, 11:46 AM Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC AD Yamathd HOME CATALOG BLOG ABOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP CONTACT US SEARCH 9 f Bin@ V&Q PRODUC ‘8 TO THE CART TO OBTAIN INSTANT DISCOUNTS! "4 = CART ‘Question? call us:#1-800-613-2974 Email us: SALES @VAMATHOSUPPLY.COM GET 10% OFF -ALCULATIONS February 28,2017 0 Comments x The recirculation rate and the temperature drop across the cooling tower are the two pieces of data needed to calculate the amount of water lost from the open recirculating cooling system (due to evaporation) Following items will be discussed and calculated in this article - Evaporation = Temperature Drop + Recirculation Rate - Concentration Ratio or Cycles of Concentration ~ Make Up Water - Holding Capacity or System Volume = Blowdown Rate Contact Us itps:twwn yamathosupply.comPblogsinews/cooling-tower-asic-calculations-2 ans618/22, 11:46 AM Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC DD PRODUCTS TO. THE CARILTO.OBIAIN INSTANT DISCOUNTS! ‘Someone from Ithaca, New York just BOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP purchased 1267162 SENSOR BOILER - SR. ARCH YW f OinO VQ ™ CART ‘question? Callus+1-800-613-2974 x Email us: SALES@YAMATHOSUPPLY.COM GET 10% OFF vaporation (Estimation: See Value Added Troubleshooting Guide - Cooling Section for precise method ) -E= AT x Rx 0.00085 when T measured in Fahrenheit -E= AT x Rx 0.00153 when T measured in Centigrade © Where: R = Recirculation Rate, gpm (m3/hr) © Units will be equivalent to the R value. Typically gpm or m3/hr. This figure can be used for estimating purposes, but should not be used when more exact information is required (e.g., in a proposal, problem solving, etc.). Details for calculating evaporation rate based upon ‘temperature and humidity conditions are provided in the PAC-3 section of the Value Added Troubleshooting Guide Temperature Drop : The temperature drop ( AT) for a cooling tower can be measured by taking the temperature of the tower return water (TR) and subtracting the ‘temperature of the basin supply water (TS). This difference can be used to calculate the approximate amount of evaporation that has occurred in ‘the cooling tower: AT = TR- TS Recirculation Rate To maintain a flow of water through the heat transfer equipment, water must be pumped or recirculated. The recirculation rate can be determine¢ from information on pump performance, tower hydraulics, etc, Adetailed “omtact Us itps:twwn yamathosupply.comPblogsinews/cooling-tower-asi-calculations-2 ans.618/22, 11:46 AM Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC Someone from Ithaca, New York just ABOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP purchased 1267162 SENSOR BOILER - SR. ARCH YW f OinO VQ = CART ‘Question? call us:#1-800-613-2974 Email us: SALES @VAMATHOSUPPLY.COM Need a cooling tower controller? Click here! Concentration Ratio or Cycles of Concentration itpstwwn yamathosupply.comPblogsinews/cooling-tower-basic-calculations-2 33618/22, 11:46 AM Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC DD PRODUCTS TO. THE CARILTO.OBIAIN INSTANT DISCOUNTS! ‘Someone from Ithaca, New York just BOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP purchased 1267162 SENSOR BOILER - SR. ARCH YW f OinOVA2Q ™ CART ‘question? Callus+1-800-613-2974 x Email us: SALES@YAMATHOSUPPLY.COM GET 10% OFF Concentration in the Make Up Water Theoretically, evaporation from a cooling tower is pure water. All of the dissolved ions are left behind to concentrate in the system. If the only system water loss was through evaporation, the dissolved ions in the recirculating water would continue to concentrate (from the ions left after evaporation) until the solubility of each ion in the water was exceeded and massive scale/deposition resulted, Most systems cannot tolerate any scale; therefore, the level or concentration of critical scaling-prone ions in the water is usually controlled by a combination of bleeding off a certain portion of the recirculation water and adding anti-scaling compounds. The rate at which water is bled from a system (in gpm; ™m3/hr) compared with the amount of fresh water being introduced in the system (in gpm; m3/hr) will also determine the concentration ratio, R= MU/ BD To check the concentration ratio in a system, select and monitor a soluble ion (such as silica or magnesium) that is present in sufficient quantity, stable, and easily tested. Compare its concentration in the makeup water 40 its concentration in the recirculating water by dividing the tower content by the makeup content. Repeating this same testing for scaling species (e.g,, calcium) will provide an indication if scaling is occurring or if the system is in chemical balance. If the cycles of calcium concentration are consistently lower than the cycles of magnesium concentration, for example, the calcium. can be assumed to be precipitating in the system. (There may also be scale forming in the heat transfer equipment, thereby impeding Contact Us tps tw yamathosupply.comPblogsinews/cooling-tower-asic-calculations-2 ans.618/22, 11:46 AM x Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC DD PRODUCTS. 10. THE CART.10 OBTAIN INSTANT DISCOUNTS! ‘Someone from Ithaca, New York just ABOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP purchased 1167162 SENSOR BOILER - SR. ARCH YW f OinOVA2Q = CART ‘Question? call us:#1-800-613-2974 Email us: SALES @VAMATHOSUPPLY.COM GET 10% OFF iter (MU). The amount of water entering the system must be equal to the amount leaving the system. MU=E+8D Where: MU = Makeup Rate, gpm (m3/hr) E = Evaporation Rate, gpm (m3/hr) BD = Blowdown Rate. gpm (m3/hr) includes drift, leakage, filter wastage and export If the temperature drop across the tower and the recirculation rates are known, the amounts of water loss through evaporation can be calculated, If the concentration ratio is also known then the makeup water requirements can be calculated as follows. IU=ExCRCR-1 ‘The expression was developed from the following fundamental cooling tower water balance relationships. MU=E+BD R= MU/BD Contact Us tps two yamathosupply.comPblogsinews/cooling-tower-basic-calculations-2 5113618/22, 11:46 AM Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC DD .PRODUCTS.T0.THE.¢ INSTANT DISCOUNTS! ‘Someone from Ithaca, New York just BOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP purchased 1267162 SENSOR BOILER - SR. ARCH YW f OinO VQ ™ CART ‘question? Callus+1-800-613-2974 x Email us: SALES@YAMATHOSUPPLY.COM GET 10% OFF ine blowdown (bleed-off) rate is generally defined as the water lost from the system for all reasons except evaporation. In very tight (low water loss) open recirculating systems, the two primary areas for system water loss are evaporation and water blowdown. In practice, however, a lot of water may also be lost through system water leaks, by water combining with the product or process, or by tower drift. Indsutry standard is the installation of a cooling blowdown controller, to adjust the amount of blowdown automatically. For calculation purposes, all of these water losses, except for evaporation, are generally considered together and called tower water blowdown. The blowdown rate is normally measured in gallons pen minute (m3/hr), System blowdown (BD) rate can be calculated from the following expression: BD=E x(CR-1) Where: BD = blowdown rate, gpm (m3/hr) E ‘ower evaporation rate, gpm (m3/hr) CR = concentration ratio or cycles This expression was derived from the following cooling tower water balance relationship: MU = BD +E ‘Substituting MU = (CR)(BD) in MU = BD +E : (CR)(BD) = BD +E (CR)(BD) -BD=E Contact Us itps:twwn yamathosupply.comPblogsinews/cooling-tower-asic-calculations-2 ans.618/22, 11:46 AM Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC ADD PRODUCIS.10.THE CARI.TO, OBTAIN INSTANT DISCOUNTS! X Someone from Ithaca, New York just ABOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP purchased 1267162 SENSOR BOILER - SR. |EARCH W f Bin@9VaaQ = CART ueston cobs 41-800-613-2974 x ‘Email us: SALES@YAMATHOSUPPLY.COM GET 10% OFF Need to improve your system’s Use Yamatho valves! Click here for details Contact Us Non-Blowdown Water Losses Included in Blowdown [ Drift, Leaks, Filter tps two yamathosupply.comPblogsinews/cooling-tower-asic-calculations-2 713618/22, 11:46 AM x GET 10% OFF Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC DD_ PRODUCTS. 10. THE CART.T0 OBTAIN INSTANT DISCOUNTS! ‘Someone from Ithaca, New York just BOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP purchased 1167162 SENSOR BOILER - SR. ARCH WY f OinOVA2Q = CART ‘Question? call us:#1-800-613-2974 Email us: SALES @VAMATHOSUPPLY.COM Ives. Drift - Tiny droplets of water that become entrained in the airstream and carried out of the unit in the leaving airstream. Unlike evaporation drift is a droplet of water and contains solids and bacteria. Drift is the primary mechanism for transmission of pathogens from a cooling system to a host. Drift is usually estimated based on a percentage of recirculation. Estimates vary from 0.002 to 0.01% of recirculation. Splash fill towers tend to have higher drift rates then film fill towers. Drift eliminator design, unit maintenance and air flow also have an influence on the amount of drift that is released from a cooling system. Leaks - Uncontrolled water lost from a system. Leaks should be identified, quantified and corrected where possible, Leak identification and management is a valuable service to any client operating a cooling system. Possible sources: pump seals, valves that do not seal, overflow, tower containment or splash out, exchanger failures Filter / Separator Wastage - Water wasted from a system due to separator flush or filter back wash. Export - Water intentionally removed from the system and used in another system. Holding Capacity or System Volume : The holding capacity of a system is the amount of water in the system expressed in gallons (cubic meters). Normally most of the capacity of a system is contained in the cooling tower basin; the exact amount, Contact Us tps tw yamathosupply.comPblogsinews/cooling-tower-asic-calculations-2 ans.618/22, 11:46 AM Cooling Tower Basic Calculations - Yamatho Supply LLC DD PRODUCTS TO. THE CARILTO.OBIAIN INSTANT DISCOUNTS! ‘Someone from Ithaca, New York just BOUT US HELP CENTER SITEMAP purchased 1267162 SENSOR BOILER - SR. ARCH WY f OinOVA2Q ™ CART ‘question? 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