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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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WELCOME TO MODULE 3 QUARTER 1 (SELF DEVELOPMENT)

Lesson 2: Developmental Stages in Middle and Late Adolescence

WHAT IS THE MODULE ALL ABOUT?

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the development that occurs in adolescents. Human life completes its journey through
various stages and one of the most vital stages is adolescence. Adolescence is the period of
transition from childhood to adulthood and plays a decisive role in the formation of pro-
social/anti-social adult. All of us undergo this stage, which poses many challenges and
is full of excitement. At the same time, it demands adjustment on many fronts. When we
come to this world, we are entirely dependent upon others and gradually learning to be
independent. This module will help you understand the nature of adolescence, challenges,
and significant tasks faced by adolescents, and some of the adolescents' essential problems

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to illustrate the connections between
thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in a person’s holistic development, specifically, you are
expected to:

classify various developmental tasks according to developmental stage (sP-

PD11/12DS-Ic-3.1)
evaluate one’s development in comparison with persons of the same age group (sP-
PD11/12DS-Id-3.2)
list ways to become a responsible adolescent prepared for adult life (sP-PD11/12DS-
Id-3.3)

To make your journey meaningful ad enjoyable, remember the following:

 Keep a personal journal for all the activities.
 Carefully follow the given instructions.
 Read each lesson and make sure to accomplish all the given activities.
 Diligently answer the activities provided. It will help you understand the lesson.
 Good luck and have fun learning.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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Working Paper 3.1
Write the most important events or experiences in your middle and late adolescence
stages in your life.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Tagudin Campus
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MODULE

Developmental Stages in Middle and Late Adolescents

1. Physical Development- adolescents experience a tremendous amount of
physical growth and development. This rapid physical development begins
during the prior developmental stages called puberty continues during
adolescence. The rate of physical development is varied during adolescence, it
often become the source of difficulty and discomfort. Some teens will develop
more slowly than their peers. Conversely, some teens may mature more quickly
than their peers. This earlier development may also cause feeling of frustration
and self-consciousness.

Physical Development: Key Physical Changes in Puberty

Boys Girls
Around 11-12 years Around 10-11 years
 The external genitals  Breast will start
will start to grow. It is developing. This is the
normal for one testis first visible sign of
to grow faster than the puberty is starting. It’s
other. You can normal for the left and
reassure that child that right breasts to grow at
men’s testes usually different speeds. It is
aren’t the same also common for the
 Pubic hair will start to breasts to bit tender as
grow. It will get darker they develop.
and thicker over time  A growth spurs occur.
Around 12-14 years Some part of your body
 Your child have a – like head, face and
growth spurt. Your hands – might grow
child will get taller faster than your limbs
and their chest and and torso. This might
shoulders will get result to your looking
broader. Some part of out for proportion for a
your body – like head, while. On average, boys
face and hands – grow 5-20 cm. they
might grow faster than usually stop growing at
your limbs and torso. around 16-17 years.
This might result to  The body shape will
your looking out for change. For example, a
proportion for a while. girl’s hip will widen.
On average, boys  The external genitals
grow 10-30 cm. they and pubic hair will start
usually stop growing to grow. Pubic hair will
at around 18-20 years. get darker and thicker
 It is common for boys over time.
to have minor breast Around 12-14 years
development. If you  Hair will start growing
are worried with this, under arms.
it might help you to  A clear or white
know that it is normal discharge from the

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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MODULE
and usually goes away vagina starts several
by itself. If it doesn’t months before periods
go away or if the start. Periods will
breasts seem to be usually start within 2
growing, consult your years of breast growth
GP. starting, but it can take
Around 13-15 years up to 4 years.
 Hair will start growing
on the other parts of
your body- under the
arms, on the face and
on the rest of the body.
Leg and arm hair will
thicken. Some young
men will grow more
body hair into their
early 20s
 The hormone
testosterone is
produced, which
stimulates the testes to
produce sperm.
 It might start having
erections and
ejaculating (releasing
sperm). During this
period, erections often
happen for no reason
at all.
 The larynx will
become more obvious.
The larynx will get
larger and voice will
break, eventually
becoming deeper.

2. Cognitive Development- means the development of the ability to think

and reason. Children ages 6 to 12, usually think in concrete ways
(concrete operations). This can include things like how to combine,
separate, order, and transform objects and actions. Adolescence marks
the beginning development of more complex thinking processes (also
called formal logical operations). This time can include abstract thinking
the ability to form their own new ideas or questions. It can also include
the ability to consider many points of view and compare or debate ideas
or opinions. It can also include the ability to consider the process of
thinking.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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Typical Cognitive Changes during Adolescence

During adolescence (between 12 and 18 years of age), the developing teenager gains the
ability to think systematically about all logical relationships within a problem. The transition
from concrete thinking to formal logical operations happens over time.Every adolescent
progresses at their own rate in developing their ability to think in more complex ways. Each
adolescent develops their own view of the world. Some adolescents may be able to apply
logical operations to school work before they are able to apply them to personal
problems.When emotional issues come up, they can add an additional level of complexity for
an adolescent's cognitive reasoning. The ability to consider possibilities, emotions, and facts,
may impact decision making, in positive or negative ways.

Some common features indicating growth from more simple to more complex cognitive
development include:
Early Adolescence
During early adolescence, the use of more complex thinking is focused on personal decision
making in school and home environments. This can include:
 Begins to demonstrate use of formal logical operations in schoolwork.
 Begins to question authority and society standards.
 Begins to form and verbalize their own thoughts and views on a variety of topics.
These are usually more related to their own life, such as:
 Which sports are better to play
 Which groups are better to be included in
 What personal looks are desirable or attractive
 What parental rules should be changed

Middle Adolescence
The focus of middle adolescence often includes more philosophical and futuristic concerns.
Examples may include:

 Often questions and analyzes more extensively

 Thinks about and begins to form their own code of ethics (such as, what do I think is
right?)
 Thinks about different possibilities and begins to develop own identity (such as, who
am I?)
 Thinks about and begins to consider possible future goals (such as, what do I want?)
 Thinks about and begins to make their own plans
 Begins to think long term
 Begins to consider how to influence relationships with others

Late Adolescence

During late adolescence, complex thinking processes are used to focus on less self-centered
concepts and personal decision making. Examples may include:

 Increased thoughts about more global concepts such as justice, history and politics
 Develops idealistic views on specific topics or concerns
 Debates and develops intolerance of opposing views
 Begins to focus thinking on making career decisions
 Begins to focus thinking on emerging role in adult society

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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Fostering Healthy Adolescent Cognitive Development

To help encourage positive and healthy cognitive development in the adolescent:

 Help adolescents in getting adequate sleep, hydration, and nutrition.

 Include adolescents in discussions about a variety of topics, issues, and current events.
 Encourage adolescents to share ideas and thoughts with adults.
 Encourage adolescents to think independently and develop their own ideas.
 Help adolescents in setting their own goals.
 Encourage adolescents to think about possibilities of the future.
 Compliment and praise adolescents for well-thought-out decisions.
 Help adolescents in reviewing any poorly made decisions.

3. Social Development

Social Early Adolescents Middle Adolescents Late Adolescents

Group (ages 9-13) (ages 14-16) (ages 17-19)
Peers Center of social world Peer groups series of intimate
shifts from family to gradually give way to relationships
friends one-on-one begin to develop
friendships and
Peer group tends to be romances
same-sex
Peer group tends to
Strong desire to conform be gender-mixed
to and be accepted by a
peer group Dating begins

Less conformity and

less tolerance of
individual differences
Family Increasing conflict family influence is
between adolescents in balance with
and their parents peer influence

Family closeness is
most important
protective factor against
high-risk behavior

Identity
Young people are busy working out who they are and where they fit in the world. You
might notice adolecents trying out new things like clothing styles, subcultures, and
music, art or friendship groups. Friends, family, media and culture are some of the
influences on adolescent’s choices in these years.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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Independence
Adolescents will probably want more independence about things like how they get
around and where they go, how they spend their time and who with, and what they
spend money on. As they become more independent, it’ll probably mean some
changes in the family routines and relationships, as well as their friendships.

Responsibility
They might be keen to take on more responsibility both at home and at school. This
could include things like cooking dinner once a week or being on the school council.
Sometimes you might need to encourage a move towards more responsibility.

New experiences
They likely to look for new experiences, including risky experiences. This is normal
as they explore their own limits and abilities, as well as the boundaries you set. They
also needs to express themselves as an individual. But because of how teenage brains
develop, they might sometimes struggle with thinking through consequences and risks
before they try something new.
Values
this is the time adolescents start to develop a stronger individual set of values and
morals. They question more things. Parent’s words and actions help shape child’s
sense of right and wrong.

Influences
Friends and peers might influence particularly child’s behaviour, appearance,
interests, sense of self and self-esteem. You still have a big influence on long-term
things like your child’s career choices, values and morals.

Sexual identity
They might start to have romantic relationships or go on ‘dates’. But these aren’t
always intimate relationships. For some young people, intimate or sexual relationships
don’t occur until later on in life.

Media
The internet and social media can influence how child communicates with friends and
learns about the world. They have many benefits for child’s social development, but
also some risks.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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4. Emotional Development
Elements Boys Girls

Growth/ Establish identity, new cognitive Establish identity, new

development skills, ability to reflect on who they cognitive skills, ability to
are and what makes them unique reflect on who they are and
what makes them unique
Changes different ways of appearing, different ways of appearing,
observed sounding and behaving sounding and behaving
increased social relationship
increased social relationship
recognize and manage emotions
recognize and manage
develop empathy, learn to resolve emotions
conflict constructively
develop empathy, learn to
develop cooperative spirit resolve conflict
constructively
develop cooperative spirit

 Moods and feelings

Adolescents might show strong feelings and intense emotions, and their moods might
seem unpredictable. These emotional ups and downs happen partly because your
child’s brain is still learning how to control and express emotions in a grown-up way.
 Sensitivity to others
As they get older, they’ll get better at reading and understanding other people’s
emotions. But while your they are developing these skills, they can sometimes
misread facial expressions or body language. This means they might need some help
working out what others are feeling.
 Self-consciousness
Teenage self-esteem is often affected by how teenagers think they look. As they
develop, they might feel self-conscious about their physical appearance. Adolescent
might also compare their body with those of friends and peers.
 Decision-making
They might go through a stage where they seem to act without thinking a lot of the
time. Their decision-making skills are still developing, and they’re still learning that
actions have consequences and even risks sometimes.

Social and emotional maturity is intertwined. As teens’ emotional maturity increases, their
relationships with their peers change as they become more vulnerable and emotionally
intimate. This increased vulnerability and intimacy require greater trust among peers. Thus,
during the adolescent years, teen peer groups become increasingly crucial as they experience
closeness in these friendships resulting in more gratifying relationships. Nowadays, teens turn
to their friends for help; instead of their families as the first line of support during times of

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
Tagudin Campus
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MODULE
worry or upset. This increased reliance on friendships is yet another way for teens to
demonstrate their growing independence.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Tagudin Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
Working Paper No. 3.2

What are the different developmental stages of adolescence? Explain each briefly.

In a drawing below, label the three (3) major parts of the human body; the mind, the heart,
and the body by writing the persons/individuals responsible for its development.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Tagudin Campus
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MODULE
Teens modify their behavior, activities, etc. to be accepted by a peer group.
Since acceptance by a peer group becomes essential, teens modify their speech, dress,
behavior, choices, and activities to become more similar to their peers. This increased
similarity among peers provides them a sense of security and affirms their acceptance into
their chosen peer group. The developmental theorist Erik Erickson described this
developmental step as a crisis of identity vs. identity confusion. When teens modify their
choices or behavior in order to conform to what their friends are doing, they are adapting to
peer pressure. Peer pressure is often associated with adverse outcomes such as skipping
school, wearing distasteful clothing, or drinking alcohol, and using drugs. However, many
parents do not recognize that peer pressure may also have a positive influence. Because of
advanced cognitive and emotional maturity, teens can now encourage each other to make
wise decisions and discourage them from making wrong choices.

Since it is vital for youth to "fit in" with their peer group, they may also decide to participate
in the same hobbies or activities as their friends. Doing so will enable them to spend more
time together and to bond over shared experiences. In general, teens will gravitate toward
peer groups with whom they share common interests and activities, similar cultural
backgrounds, or simply a similar outlook on life. Nevertheless, as teens experiment with their
identity, they may be attracted to peer groups with very different interests.

In summary, during adolescence, the number of close friendships decline, but the quality of
these relationships becomes more vulnerable, trusting, and intimate. Meanwhile, the number
of casual acquaintances continues to rise, as youths' social networks expand due to
sophisticated communication technologies, new recreational and social activities, new
educational experiences, and employment.

FAMILY
Role of Family in Adolescent’s Development

Developmental theories view adolescence as a period of growth in which identity formation

is addressed. This view means that the family's role is lessened or that family has only a
limited role in the lives of young people at this time. However, research shows that ongoing
positive family connections are protective factors against a range of health risk behaviors.
Although the nature of relationships is changing, the continuity of family connections and a
secure emotional base is crucial for the positive development of young people.

Family is still important. It is typical for young people to begin to think for themselves and
question aspects of their lives and family relationships. These changes may mean times of
anger and frustration leveled at the family, but majority of circumstances proved that these
feelings are likely to be temporary or circumstantial.

Adolescents are moving towards becoming independent physically, emotionally and

cognitively, and yet they are still growing. Young people require stability in a home or
environment, where they may get a secure emotional base from which to explore and
experience the world. This sense of security provides them with somewhere to come back to
for reassurance, support, and unconditional love, particularly during tough times. A young
person benefits from expectations of respect, consideration, and reciprocity in family
relationships. They still benefit from 'trying out' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors within the
family environment, and from observing and experiencing relationships within families.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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There will still be times when they fall, yet they will benefit from understanding and support
to pick them up.

Changing role of parents A parent's relationship and caring role with a young person
continues to be vital, although the relationship will need to be flexible to adapt to the
teenager's changing needs. At this time, there will need to be a gradual change from a more
authoritative approach, to a more collaborative approach. Parents need to face the (painful)
reality that their child is no longer a child, is becoming independent, and is no longer within
their control. They may feel distressed as they perceive that the young person will not listen
to them, or does the opposite of what they may suggest. They may have to watch their young
person disregard the things they taught them were necessary, such as ways to look after their
health, or their future goals (as the parent envisaged it). Parents have to learn to ‘let go,’ not
of the relationship, but their dreams for the young person. This may include their full
authority over young people so that they may allow them to develop their own dreams and
greater self- responsibility.

Ways on how to become responsible adult in life

Be responsible and make good choices. Becoming responsible and being able to make good
choices are fundamental traits, no matter what developmental stage you are. It holds true for
adolescents especially that they are just beginning to internalize and imbibe virtues, values,
and other essential qualities

Working Paper No. 3.3

Instruction: List down all your improved qualities you acquired during your adolescent life.
Explain how it may help you in preparing for adult life.

The demands and expectations of their parents and other people around them can also be
stressful. However, the good news is, they can treat these “difficulties” as “challenges,”
which can make their lives exciting. Having that mindset is also an indication of becoming a
responsible and mentally mature adolescent

8 simple rules which could help teenagers become a responsible adolescent prepared for
adult life:

1. Focus on your studies and do well in all your endeavors. There is a time for everything.
2. Take care of your health and hygiene. Healthy body and mind are important as you journey
through adolescence.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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3. Establish good communication and relation with your parents or guardian. Listen to them.
Though this may be easier said than done at this stage, but creating good relationship with
them will do you good as they are the ones you can lean on especially in times of trouble.
4. Think a lot before doing something. Evaluate probable consequences before acting.
Practice self-control and self-discipline.

5. Choose to do the right thing. There are plenty of situations in which it is better to use your
mind rather than your heart.
6. Do your best to resist temptations, bad acts, and earthly pleasures and commit to being a
responsible adolescent.
7. Respect yourself. You are an adult in the making. Do not let your teenage hormones get
into you. If you respect yourself, others will respect you too.
8. Be prepared to be answerable or accountable for your actions and behavior. It is part of
growing

Ease the transition from being an adolescent to being an adult by practicing essential skills
while you’re still at home. While still at home, you can help ease the transition by practicing
essential skills, like proper management of time and money. To manage time well, always try
to be punctual when meeting friends and family, as this shows respect for their time. To
become skilled at managing your money, start by learning to budget. You can make this
easier by downloading a budget app onto your smartphone. Input all your expenses and bill
payments, to keep track of your spending and savings. Once you gain confidence with your
budgeting and time skills, gradually work toward becoming independent from your family by
setting goals like getting work

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
Tagudin Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

Working Paper No. 3.4

Find a group you are comfortable working with. Interview at least three (3) teenagers and ask
them to describe the changes they have observed of their bodies, their beliefs and how they
think, how they socialize with peers and their major emotions

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso

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POLYTECHNIC STATE
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MODULE
Working Paper 3.5

1) Examine how you interact with others. Ask yourself “How did I interact with other
people?

2) Observe how your environment affects you. Ask yourself “How did my environment or
the people affect the way I understand myself?

3) What were the greatest emotional conflicts you have experienced in your adolescent
years?

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Instructor: Mr. Jhunrey M. Calibuso