Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum –570018

A Mini-Project Report
On
“Simple clap switch circuit for home automation”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics & Communication Engineering

Submitted by
AMULYA T B (4RA18EC002)
HARSHITHA T H (4RA18EC014)
NAMARATHA Y D (4RA18EC026)
POOJA M (4RA18EC029)

Under the Guidance of

Mrs.AMBIKA K,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
Rajeev Institute of Technology,
Hassan-573201

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,

Rajeev Institute of Technology, Hassan-573201
2020- 2021

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 RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HASSAN
Plot # 1 – D (P-1), Growth Center, Industrial Area,
Bangalore-Mangalore Bypass Road, Hassan – 573201

  Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering 

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the mini-project work entitled “SIMPLE CLAP SWITCH FOR HOME
AUTOMATION”.carried out by Ms.AMULYA T B (4RA18EC002) ,HARSHITHA T H
(4RA18EC014), NAMRATHA Y D(4RA18EC026) ,POOJA M (4RA18EC029) are Bonafide
students of RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYin partial fulfillment for the award of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year
2020-21. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment
have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The mini-project
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project
work prescribed for the said Degree.

Guide  HOD Principal

Mrs.AMBIKA K         Dr. Aravind B.N Dr. A.N. Ramakrishna
Assistant Professor Professor, RIT, Hassan.
E&C Department, E&C Department,
RIT, Hassan RIT, Hassan
  
                       External Viva 
Name of the Examiners                                                               Signature with date

1. -------------------------------- -------------------------------

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible,
whose constant guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with success.
I would like to profoundly thank our management of RIT & our founder
president Dr. V Rajeev for providing such a healthy environment for
successful completion of project work report.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to our principal Dr. A.N
Ramakrishna, Rajeev institute of technology for his encouragement that
motivated me for successful completion of project work report.
I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Aravind B.N, Head of the Department
of ECE for providing a good working environment and for his constant support
and encouragement.
It gives me great pleasure in placing on record a deep sense of gratitude to
my guide, Mrs.AMBIKA K Assistant/Associate Professor, Dept. Of ECE for
his/her expert guidance, initiative and encouragement that led me throughout a
project work report.
I would also like to thank all my staff of electronics and communication
engineering department who has directly and indirectly helped me in the
completion of project work report.
And lastly, I would hereby acknowledge and thank my parents who have been a
source of inspiration and also instrumental in the successful completion of a
project work report.

Date: Name

Place: Hassan (USN)

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 DECLARATION

I, Mr/Ms. Name ( USN) students of sixth/final semester BE, Electronics

and Communication Engineering, Rajeev Institute of technology, Hassan
hereby declare that the project report entitled “title of the project” has been
carried out under the supervision of guide, (Guide Name), Assistant
Professor, Dept. of ECE, RIT, Hassan, which has been submitted in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in ECE of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi is an authentic record of my own independent work carried out by
me during the academic year 2020-210.
I further undertake that the matter embodied in this dissertation has not
been submitted to any other Organization/University for the award of any
degree or certificate.

Date: NAME
Place: Hassan (USN)

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 CONTENTS
Abstract
SI.No Chapter Name Page.no

1. INTRODUCTION 7
2. DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM 8
3. CIRCUIT COMPONENTS EXPLANATION 9-11
4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 12
5. WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS 13
6. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 14
7. APPLICATIONS 15
8. CONCLUSION 16
9. FUTURE SCOPE 16
10. REFERENCES 17

ABSTRACT

CLAP SWITCH is a switch which can switch on/off any electrical circuit by the
sound of the clap.The basic idea of clap switch is that the electrical microphone picks up the
sound of your claps,coughs,and the sound of that book knocked off the table.It produces
small electrical signal which is amplified by the succeeding transistor stage. Two transistor
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cross connected as a bi-stable multi-vibrator change state at each signal.One of these
transistors drives a heavier transistor which controls a lamp.This circuit is constructed using
basic electronic components like resistors,transistors,relay,transformer,capacitors.

This circuit turns ’ON’ light for the first clap.The light turns ON till the next
clap.For the next clap the light turns OFF. This circuit works with 5v
voltage.Therefore a step-down transformer 12v/300mA is employed.The primary
application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person.It is generally used for a
light,television,radio,or similar electronic device that the personal will want to turn
on/off from bed. The major disadvantages are that,it is generally cumbersome to have
to clap one’s hands to turn something ON and OFF and it’s generally seen as simpler
for most use cases to use a traditional light switch.

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INTRODUCTION

This is a project on CLAP SWITCH which can switch on/off any

electrical circuit by the sound on a clap.The operation of the circuit is simple.If
we clap the lamp turns on and to switch it off clap again. The condenser
microphone picks up the sound of your claps,coughs,and the sound of that
book knocked off the table.It produce a small electrical signal which is
amplified by the succeeding transistor stages.Two transistors cross connected
as s bi-stable multi vibrator change state at each signal.One of these transistor
drives a heavier transistor which controls a lamp.This circuit can switch on
and off a light,a fan or a radio etc by the sound of a clap.

This circuit is constructed using basic electronic components like

resistor,transistor,relay,transformer,capacitors,IC,diode,breadboard,blub.The
light turns ON till the next clap.For the next clap the light turns OFF.This
circuit works with 5v voltage.This working of this circuit is based on IC4017
nature of the transistor,switching nature of transistor,relay,diode as an
electronic switch.Basically,this is a sound operated switch.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM

AUDIO AMPLIFIER
When we clap our hands,the sound is received by by AUDIO AMPLIFIER.Here the given
sound signal is converted into electrical signal and then amplified by using transistor.
FLIP FLOP CIRCUIT
After amplifying the given input signal(sound of a clap),it is fed to flip flop circuit.It consists of
two transistors,one for the on position and the other for the off position.For this reason it is also
known as bi-stable multi vibrator.

CIRCUIT AMPLIFIER
The signal after this process the outcome electrical signal becomes very weak.so, it is amplified
using another transistor and given to relay ,it acts as a mechanical switch.

CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
1.CD4017 IC
2.BC547 NPN transistors
3.DC Condenser Mic
4.100nf(103)Capacitor

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5.10k Resistor
6.270k Resistor
7.1M Resistor
8.220-ohm Resistor
9.1N4007 Diode
10.5v SPDT relay
11.LED 5mm 3volt
12.AC lamp 220v/110v
13.5v DC supply
14.Breadboard or PCB

COMPONENT EXPLANATION

RESISTORS
This are the most common passive electronic component. They are used to
control voltage and current.While a resistor is a very basic components,there are
many ways to manufacture them.Each style has its own characteristics that make it
desirable in certain type of applications.Choosing the right type of resistor is
important to making high-performance or precision circuit work well.This bonus
chapter covers the resistor types and helps with picking the right one for your

project.
All resistor are basically just a piece of conducting material with a specific
value of resistance .For that piece of conducting material to be made into a practical
resistor,a pair of electrodes and leads are attached so current can flow.The resistors
is then coated with an insulating material to protect the conducting material from
the surrounding environmental and vice versa.The construction of the resistor can
affect its performance at high frequencies where it may act like a small inductor or
capacitor has been added,called parasitic inductance or capacitance.

CD4017 IC

The CD017 IC is a CMOS decade counter IC.CD4017 is used for low range
counting application .it can count from 0to10(the decade count) and the circuit with

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an IC 4017 will save board space as well as the time necessary to design the circuit.A
CMOS decade counter like 4017IC include a five stages johnson counter&10
decoded output for counting up to 10 decimal. This IC can be used in different
counter circuit such as an LED chaser light&also a non-contact circuit with an AC
detector .This IC includes 16-pins where 10&16 pins are output pins.

This IC is very useful and also user-friendly.To use the IC, just connect it according to the
specifications described above in the pin configuration and give the pluses you need to count
to the pin_14 of the IC. Then you can collect the output pins.When the output pins.When the
count is 1,pin-2 is high, and so on.

CAPACITORS

Capacitors has ability to store charge and release them at a later

time.Capacitance is the measure of the amount of charge that a capacitor can
store for a given applied voltage .The unit of capacitance is used in the circuit
are electrolytic-capacitor.In the circuit the electrolytic capacitor is used as a
bypass capacitor.Any noise variation in circuit is removed by the capacitor .

TRANSISTOR
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to apply and switch electronic
signals and electrical power.It is composed of semiconductor material with a
least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltages or current
applied to one pair of the transistor’s terminals changes the current flowing
through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled power can be higher

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 than the controlling power,a transistor can amplify a signal.

RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch.Many relay use an electromagnet to
operate a switching mechanism mechanically,but other operating are used.Relay are
used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal,or where
several circuit must be controlled by one signal .Relay were used extensively in
telephone exchange and early computers to perform logical operation.

DIODE
1N4007 is a rectifier diode,designed specifically for circuits that need to
covert alternating current that need to convert alternating current to direct current.It
can pass current of up to 1 A,and have peak inverse voltage(PIV) rating of
1,000V.1N4007 is a PN junction rectifier diode .The 1N4007 is a general purpose
diode from ON semiconductor .It is widely used in rectifier and power supply
applications.The small form factor of these diodes makes them ideal for space
constrained applications.Following is a full bridge diode rectifier circuit which
converts the AC voltage into DC voltage.

CONDENSOR MIC

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This construction creates a capacitors which may be in the region of 10 to 50pf.The
microphone to operate it requires a DC voltage to be applied.The term condenser is
actually obsolete but has stuck as the name for this type of microphone,which uses a
capacitor to convert acoustical energy into electrical enerry.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

Clap switch is a circuit that can switch ON & OFF a light,fan,radio etc.At
first, the clap sound sensed by the condenser mic.The condenser mic converts the
sound into an electrical pulse.Then the electrical pulse amplified by the BC547
transistors.After that,the electrical pulse fed to the CLK pin of CD4017 IC.For each
high pulse at CLK pin the state of the PIN 2 changes.When the PIN 2 becomes
HIGH,the second transistors turns ON the relay also turns ON.Now when the
condenser sense the sound clap sound,the next high pulse received at CLK PIN.The
PIN 2 changed the state (becomes LOW),so the second transistor turns OFF.so the
relay OFF and the load connected with the relay also turns OFF.The circuit on a
breadboard.Now before connecting the relay it is better to test the circuit.The LED
should turn ON after the first clap and turns OFF after the second clap.

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS EXPLANATION

TRANSISTOR
230v ac is converted to 12v ac by transistor and this ac current is converted to dc by
diode.

CONDENSOR MIC
Sound energy received by microphone is converted to electrical signals.Microphones ae
types of transistors,they convert acoustic energy i.e sound signal.Basically, a microphone is made
up of a diaphragm,which is a thin piece of material that vibrates when it is stuck by sound
wave.This causes other components in the microphone to vibrate leading to vibrate in some
electrical quantities thereby causing electrical current to be generated.The current generated in
the microphone is the electrical pulse.The current generate by a microphone is very small and this
current is referred to as mic level and typically measured in milli-volts.

FLIP-FLOP ARRANGEMENT

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 The transistors arranged like flip flop acts as counter and produce a signal output when
triggered.So,it is also known as the triggered pulse producer. If it doesn’t receives 2 claps within 3
minutes the diode doesn’t receives any signal from flip flop arrangement and the bulb doesn’t
glow and in the other case diode acts as switch and allows electrical signals.

RELAY

 The relay is an electrically operated switch .It is also called as mechanical switch.If a small
voltage is applied to its input terminal,it activate an electromagnet and close its contacts.These
contacts can then switch on larger amount of current and voltage safely.But a low power
transistor is also needed to switch the current for the relay’s coil.

ADVANTAGES

The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person.

 We can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the
room(e.g.while lying in the bed) simply by clapping our hands.
 Low cost and reliable circuit.
 Complete elimination of man power.
 Energy efficient.

DISADVANTAGES
1. It is generally cumbersome to have one’s hands to turn something on or off
and it is generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light
switch.
2. Unless we use a filter in the circuit, it is not that advantageous.So that circuit
activates only for clap of particular frequencies and then it becomes accurate.

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APPLICATIONS

1. Clap activated switch device will serve well in different phono-

controlled application.
2. Clap switch is generally used for a light, television,radio,or similar
electronic device that the person will want to turn on/off from bed.
3. This circuit functions on using the sound energy by the clap which is
converted into electrical energy by condenser microphone .Using this
converted electrical energy which is used to turn on relay(an electronic
switch).
4. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired
person.
5. The major advantages of a clap switch is that you can turn
something(e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the room(e.g.while
lying in bed)simply by clapping your hands.
6. The major disadvantages is that it’s generally cumbersome to have to
clap one’s hands to turns somethings on or off and it’s generally seen as
simpler for most us cases to use a traditional light switch.

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 CONCLUSION

The clap activated switching device function properly by responding to both hand
claps at about there to four meter away and figure tap sound at very close
range,since both are low frequency sounds and produce the same pulse wave
features.The resulting devices is realizable,has good reliability and it’s relatively
inexpensive.Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and enclose it in a
suitable box.This circuit is very useful in field of electronic circuits.By using some
modification it area of application can be extended in various fields.It can be used to
raised alarm in security system with a noise, and also used at the place where
silence needed.

FUTURE SCOPE

1. We can increased the range of this equipment by using better Mic.

2. We can use this as remote controller.

REFERENCES

[1]. Edward Hughes,Hughes electrical technology.Addition Wesley Longman

(singapore)plc ltd, India,seventh edition,(pp 395-399).(2001).
[2]. Paul Horonitz and Weinbeild hill, the art of electronics,second
edition,Cambridge university ulc.(1995).
[3]. Ray Marston,relay output circuits,electronics now magazine ,July 1994.

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