College of Dentistry

Introduction to dentistry

Introduction to Oral Surgery

 Definition
 Its that branch of dental science dealing with

all surgical procedures of the teeth, oral cavity,

surrounding soft and hard tissues.
 Eg. Facial trauma and bone fractures, teeth

extraction, impacted teeth surgery, etc…….

 Relations between oral surgery and
anatomical structures

 Surgical procedures depend upon good

knowledge of anatomy of the area of surgery,

anatomy of the bones and related soft tissues.

 Indications for Maxillofacial
Surgery
1. Extractions of decayed teeth that cannot be
restored.
2. Surgical removal of impacted teeth.
3. Extraction of nonvital teeth.
4. Preprosthetic surgery to smooth and contour
the alveolar ridge.
5. Removal of teeth for orthodontic treatment.
6. Removal of root fragments.
7. Removal of cysts and tumors.
8. Biopsy.
9. Treatment of fractures of the mandible or
maxilla.
10.Surgery to alter the size or shape of the facial
bones.
11.Cleft lip and cleft palate repairs.
12.Surgical implant procedures.
 Sterilization and disinfection
Because surgical procedures invade open
tissue, the surgical team must follow a sterile
technique.
Sterilization: control of contamination by
killing all bacterial and viral growth by:
Boiling.
Dry heat.
Moist heat under pressure.
Sterilization (dry heat)
Sterilization (moist heat)
Scrubbing
 Disinfection
 To destroy or reduce pathogenic
microorganisms by physical or chemical means.
 Solutions:
 Alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, phenol,
chlorohexidine.
 Gases.
Ultraviolet rays.
 Surgical instruments
Extraction forceps and elevators
 Surgical instruments

Scalpel Surgical curette

 Surgical instruments

Sutures

needle holder
 Surgical burs
 Have extra-long shanks and used to
remove bone, or to cut or split the crowns
or roots of teeth.
 Anesthesia & Extraction

Anesthesia:

 Local anesthesia.

 General anesthesia.
 Tooth extraction
 Mean: remove the tooth from the dental
arches.
 Tooth extraction should be the last choice of
treatment.
 Tooth extraction
 Medical and dental history is important before
extraction.
 Good examination.
 Good sterilization.
 Suitable type of anesthesia.
 Select the suitable extraction forceps.
 Good patient and chair position.
 Suitable extraction movement.
 Good knowledge of the anatomy.
 Be ready for any complication.
 Good post operative instructions.
 Medical compromised patients: mean those
group with general medical disease need tooth
extraction, need special care e.g. cardiac patients
 Facial trauma

 Due to road traffic accidents. Gun shot, falling

down, work accident which lead to either soft
tissue lacerations or bone fractures or both.
Fracture maxilla
Fracture mandible
 Impacted teeth

Definition: it’s the tooth embedded in the bone

or partially erupted due to lack of space,
diagnosed clinically and radiologically, should
be treated by surgical removal.
 Postsurgical Complications
Alveolitis (dry socket).
Causative factors:
Inadequate blood supply to the socket.
Trauma to the socket.
Infection within the socket.
Dislodging of the clot from the socket.
 Special anatomy

Oral cavity.

Skull.

Muscles of mastication.

Salivary glands.
Thank You