Campus XOS Switching and Routing Appendix - Virtual Lab 6-3

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ExtremeXOS

Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Appendix: Virtual Lab Access, Network


Topology, and Tools

Overview:
This section of the Document describes the Resources and Network Configuration for
the ExtremeXOS Fundamentals Training for Virtual Lab 6.

Objectives:
 Present Lab Information diagram for Virtual Lab 6, accessible via Sessions
Student61-613
 Provide instructions on access the training lab environment
 Terminal Server Console connection details
 Provide IP addressing details for lab devices

Resources/Tools:
 2 Summit X 460’s (Switches A & B)
 2 Core Switches (Core A & Core B)
 3 PCs (PC-A, PC-B, and PC-D)
 1 Extreme Management Center

Note: It is recommended to print your student section of this document or keep it close
during your training class.

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 1
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Contents
Appendix: Virtual Lab Access, Network, & Setup ...................................................... 1 
Section A:  Resources/Tools:...................................................................................... 3 
Section B:  Accessing the Remote Virtual Lab............................................................ 4 
Section C:  Student 1 Lab Access Information ............................................................ 8 
Section D:  Student 2 Lab Access Information ............................................................ 9 
Section E:  Student 3 Lab Access Information .......................................................... 10 
Section F:  Student 4 Lab Access Information .......................................................... 11 
Section G:  Student 5 Lab Access Information .......................................................... 12 
Section H:  Student 6 Lab Access Information .......................................................... 13 
Section I:  Student 7 Lab Access Information .......................................................... 14 
Section J:  Student 8 Lab Access Information .......................................................... 15 
Section K:  Student 9 Lab Access Information .......................................................... 16 
Section L:  Student 10 Lab Access Information ........................................................ 17 
Section M:  Student 11 Lab Access Information ........................................................ 18 
Section N:  Student 12 Lab Access Information ........................................................ 19 
Section O:  Student 13 Lab Access Information ........................................................ 20 
  ........................................................ 21 
Section Q:  vSphere Web Client................................................................................ 22 
Section R:  VI Cheat Sheet ....................................................................................... 26 

© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Appendix 2


ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section A: Resources/Tools:

 2 Summit X 460’s (Switches A & B)


 2 Core Switches (Core A & Core B)
 3 PCs (PC-A, PC-B, and PC-D)
 1 Extreme Management Center

Lab Wiring Diagram

Note: The above diagram shows your group connectivity.

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 3
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section B: Accessing the Remote Virtual Lab

Student Lab PC:  


 
Virtual Lab Number:  6 
Student Number:  (Assigned by your instructor) 
Computer Name:  Student6X †
Username:  students\Student6X † 
Password:  (Assigned by your Instructor) 

 X denotes the student number that was assigned to you by your instructor 

Method 1: Accessing the Remote Virtual Lab using your Web Browser

1. Navigate to “VirtualLabs.ExtremeNetworks.com” in any HTML5 enabled web browser


https://virtuallabs.extremenetworks.com

2. Login using the Username and Password assigned to you by your instructor

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 4
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Method 2: Accessing the Remote Virtual Lab using RDP file

The following link contains the RDP shortcuts to the student PCs:

Virtual Lab 6 RDP Files


https://extremenetworks2com.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/tech-training-class/EtZRDuR8ytpFmv2j-vbBbioBFoKT5rK7wR1T8kvQrNw0Jg

Lab Test PC: Test your connection to our remote lab using the “ExtremeTraining” PC. 
 
Computer Name: ExtremeTraining  
Username: students\ExtremeTraining 
Password: extremetraining 

© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Appendix 5


ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Method 3: Accessing the Remote Virtual Lab using RPD manually

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 6
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 7
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section C: Student 1 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student61  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student61  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.11.103  10.140.6.100 port 2001 
Switch‐B  172.16.11.102  10.140.6.100 port 2002 
CoreA  172.16.11.1   
11 
CoreB  172.16.11.254   
PC‐A  172.16.11.2    
PC‐D  172.16.11.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.11.103  172.16.11.1  10.140.6.100 port 2001 
Switch‐B  172.16.11.102  172.16.11.1  10.140.6.100 port 2002 
PC‐A  172.16.11.2  172.16.11.103  11    
PC‐B  172.16.11.12  172.16.11.103   
XMC Server  172.16.11.100  172.16.11.103      
PC‐D  172.16.14.13  172.16.14.2  14   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 8
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section D: Student 2 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student62  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student62  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.21.103  10.140.6.100 port 2003 
Switch‐B  172.16.21.102  10.140.6.100 port 2004 
CoreA  172.16.21.1   
21 
CoreB  172.16.21.254   
PC‐A  172.16.21.2    
PC‐D  172.16.21.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.21.103  172.16.21.1  10.140.6.100 port 2003 
Switch‐B  172.16.21.102  172.16.21.1  10.140.6.100 port 2004 
PC‐A  172.16.21.2  172.16.21.103  21    
PC‐B  172.16.21.12  172.16.21.103   
XMC Server  172.16.21.100  172.16.21.103      
PC‐D  172.16.24.13  172.16.24.2  24   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 9
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section E: Student 3 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student63  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student63  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.31.103  10.140.6.100 port 2005 
Switch‐B  172.16.31.102  10.140.6.100 port 2006 
CoreA  172.16.31.1   
31 
CoreB  172.16.31.254   
PC‐A  172.16.31.2    
PC‐D  172.16.31.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.31.103  172.16.31.1  10.140.6.100 port 2005 
Switch‐B  172.16.31.102  172.16.31.1  10.140.6.100 port 2006 
PC‐A  172.16.31.2  172.16.31.103  31    
PC‐B  172.16.31.12  172.16.31.103   
XMC Server  172.16.31.100  172.16.31.103      
PC‐D  172.16.34.13  172.16.34.2  34   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 10
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section F: Student 4 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student64  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student64  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.41.103  10.140.6.100 port 2007 
Switch‐B  172.16.41.102  10.140.6.100 port 2008 
CoreA  172.16.41.1   
41 
CoreB  172.16.41.254   
PC‐A  172.16.41.2    
PC‐D  172.16.41.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.41.103  172.16.41.1  10.140.6.100 port 2007 
Switch‐B  172.16.41.102  172.16.41.1  10.140.6.100 port 2008 
PC‐A  172.16.41.2  172.16.41.103  41    
PC‐B  172.16.41.12  172.16.41.103   
XMC Server  172.16.41.100  172.16.41.103      
PC‐D  172.16.44.13  172.16.44.2  44   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 11
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section G: Student 5 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student65  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student65  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.51.103  10.140.6.100 port 2009 
Switch‐B  172.16.51.102  10.140.6.100 port 2010 
CoreA  172.16.51.1   
51 
CoreB  172.16.51.254   
PC‐A  172.16.51.2    
PC‐D  172.16.51.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.51.103  172.16.51.1  10.140.6.100 port 2009 
Switch‐B  172.16.51.102  172.16.51.1  10.140.6.100 port 2010 
PC‐A  172.16.51.2  172.16.51.103  51    
PC‐B  172.16.51.12  172.16.51.103   
XMC Server  172.16.51.100  172.16.51.103      
PC‐D  172.16.54.13  172.16.54.2  54   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 12
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section H: Student 6 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student66  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student66  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.61.103  10.140.6.100 port 2011 
Switch‐B  172.16.61.102  10.140.6.100 port 2012 
CoreA  172.16.61.1   
61 
CoreB  172.16.61.254   
PC‐A  172.16.61.2    
PC‐D  172.16.61.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.61.103  172.16.61.1  10.140.6.100 port 2011 
Switch‐B  172.16.61.102  172.16.61.1  10.140.6.100 port 2012 
PC‐A  172.16.61.2  172.16.61.103  61    
PC‐B  172.16.61.12  172.16.61.103   
XMC Server  172.16.61.100  172.16.61.103      
PC‐D  172.16.64.13  172.16.64.2  64   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 13
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section I: Student 7 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student67  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student67  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.71.103  10.140.6.100 port 2013 
Switch‐B  172.16.71.102  10.140.6.100 port 2014 
CoreA  172.16.71.1   
71 
CoreB  172.16.71.254   
PC‐A  172.16.71.2    
PC‐D  172.16.71.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.71.103  172.16.71.1  10.140.6.100 port 2013 
Switch‐B  172.16.71.102  172.16.71.1  10.140.6.100 port 2014 
PC‐A  172.16.71.2  172.16.71.103  71    
PC‐B  172.16.71.12  172.16.71.103   
XMC Server  172.16.71.100  172.16.71.103      
PC‐D  172.16.74.13  172.16.74.2  74   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 14
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section J: Student 8 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student68  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student68  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.81.103  10.140.6.100 port 2015 
Switch‐B  172.16.81.102  10.140.6.100 port 2016 
CoreA  172.16.81.1   
81 
CoreB  172.16.81.254   
PC‐A  172.16.81.2    
PC‐D  172.16.81.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.81.103  172.16.81.1  10.140.6.100 port 2015 
Switch‐B  172.16.81.102  172.16.81.1  10.140.6.100 port 2016 
PC‐A  172.16.81.2  172.16.81.103  81    
PC‐B  172.16.81.12  172.16.81.103   
XMC Server  172.16.81.100  172.16.81.103      
PC‐D  172.16.84.13  172.16.84.2  84   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 15
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section K: Student 9 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student69  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student69  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.91.103  10.140.6.100 port 2017 
Switch‐B  172.16.91.102  10.140.6.100 port 2018 
CoreA  172.16.91.1   
91 
CoreB  172.16.91.254   
PC‐A  172.16.91.2    
PC‐D  172.16.91.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.91.103  172.16.91.1  10.140.6.100 port 2017 
Switch‐B  172.16.91.102  172.16.91.1  10.140.6.100 port 2018 
PC‐A  172.16.91.2  172.16.91.103  91    
PC‐B  172.16.91.12  172.16.91.103   
XMC Server  172.16.91.100  172.16.91.103      
PC‐D  172.16.94.13  172.16.94.2  94   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 16
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section L: Student 10 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student610  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student610  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.101.103  10.140.6.100 port 2019 
Switch‐B  172.16.101.102  10.140.6.100 port 2020 
CoreA  172.16.101.1   
101 
CoreB  172.16.101.254   
PC‐A  172.16.101.2    
PC‐D  172.16.101.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.101.103  172.16.101.1  10.140.6.100 port 2019 
Switch‐B  172.16.101.102  172.16.101.1  10.140.6.100 port 2020 
PC‐A  172.16.101.2  172.16.101.103  101    
PC‐B  172.16.101.12  172.16.101.103   
XMC Server  172.16.101.100  172.16.101.103      
PC‐D  172.16.104.13  172.16.104.2  104   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 17
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section M: Student 11 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student611  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student611  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.111.103  10.140.6.100 port 2021 
Switch‐B  172.16.111.102  10.140.6.100 port 2022 
CoreA  172.16.111.1   
111 
CoreB  172.16.111.254   
PC‐A  172.16.111.2    
PC‐D  172.16.111.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.111.103  172.16.111.1  10.140.6.100 port 2021 
Switch‐B  172.16.111.102  172.16.111.1  10.140.6.100 port 2022 
PC‐A  172.16.111.2  172.16.111.103  111    
PC‐B  172.16.111.12  172.16.111.103   
XMC Server  172.16.111.100  172.16.111.103      
PC‐D  172.16.114.13  172.16.114.2  114   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 18
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section N: Student 12 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student612  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student612  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.121.103  10.140.6.100 port 2023 
Switch‐B  172.16.121.102  10.140.6.100 port 2024 
CoreA  172.16.121.1   
121 
CoreB  172.16.121.254   
PC‐A  172.16.121.2    
PC‐D  172.16.121.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.121.103  172.16.121.1  10.140.6.100 port 2023 
Switch‐B  172.16.121.102  172.16.121.1  10.140.6.100 port 2024 
PC‐A  172.16.121.2  172.16.121.103  121    
PC‐B  172.16.121.12  172.16.121.103   
XMC Server  172.16.121.100  172.16.121.103      
PC‐D  172.16.124.13  172.16.124.2  124   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 19
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section O: Student 13 Lab Access Information

All PC-A’s IP addresses and default gateways are permanently set cannot be
configured by the student. All IP Address Masks are /24.

Login Credentials
Account/Device  Login Name  Password 
PC‐A  Student613  <Instructor provided> 
Switch‐A  admin  <no password> 
Switch‐B  admin  <no password> 
XMC  root  training 
vSphere login  Student613  <Instructor provided> 

Device IP Addressing for Switching Labs


Device Name   IP Address  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.131.103  10.140.6.100 port 2025 
Switch‐B  172.16.131.102  10.140.6.100 port 2026 
CoreA  172.16.131.1   
131 
CoreB  172.16.131.254   
PC‐A  172.16.131.2    
PC‐D  172.16.131.13      

Device IP Addressing for Routing Labs


Device Name  IP Address  Default Gateway  VLAN  Console Port 
Switch‐A  172.16.131.103  172.16.131.1  10.140.6.100 port 2025 
Switch‐B  172.16.131.102  172.16.131.1  10.140.6.100 port 2026 
PC‐A  172.16.131.2  172.16.131.103  131    
PC‐B  172.16.131.12  172.16.131.103   
XMC Server  172.16.131.100  172.16.131.103      
PC‐D  172.16.134.13  172.16.134.2  134   

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 20
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

1. To open the console connection to a Switch. Click the PuTTy icon on your PC-A
desktop to open your PuTTy connection.

2. Enter the IP address of the terminal server in the Host Name box. The terminal
server IP address and port numbers are provided in the individual student sections
of this document.

3. Click the Telnet radio button.

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 21
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

4. In the Port field, enter the port number that has been provided in your student
section. Note: It is important to click the telnet radio button before this step as
clicking the telnet radio button will default the “Port” value to 23.

5. Click Open.
Note: The terminal server will end your telnet session after 10 minutes of inactivity.

Section Q: vSphere Web Client

1.

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 22
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Example: Username = Student6X


Password = (Assigned by your Instructor)

3. The desktop will open in your Browser.

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 23
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

(Assigned by your Instructor)

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 24
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

8. Click on the virtual machine’s desktop snapshot to open your desktop in your
Browser.

9. The desktop will open in your Browser.

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© 2017 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Appendix 25
ExtremeXOS Switching & Routing Lab Guide Appendix

Section R: VI Cheat Sheet

General Commands

To exit vi and save changes: ZZ or :wq

To exit vi without saving changes: :q!

To enter vi command mode: [esc]

Inserting

r replace character under cursor with next


character typed

R keep replacing character until [esc] is hit

i insert before cursor

a append after cursor

A append at end of line

O open line above cursor and enter append mode

Deleting

x delete character under cursor

dd delete line under cursor

dw delete word under cursor

db delete word before cursor

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