Problem No.

⎛⎝x 2 + 5 x - 4⎞⎠ ⎛⎝2 x 3 + 3 x - 1⎞⎠

Solution:
⎛⎝x 2 + 5 x - 4⎞⎠ ⎛⎝2 x 3 + 3 x - 1⎞⎠
= x 2 ⎛⎝2 x 3 + 3 x - 1⎞⎠ + 5 x ⎛⎝2 x 3 + 3 x - 1⎞⎠
-4 ⎛⎝2 x 3 + 3 x - 1⎞⎠
= 2 x 5 + 3 x 3 - x 2 + 10 x 4 + 15 x 2 - 5 x
-8 x 3 - 12 x + 4
= 2 x 5 + 10 x 4 - 5 x 3 + 14 x 2 - 17 x + 4

Alternate Solution
2 x3 + 3 x - 1
x2 + 5 x - 4
--------------------

2 x5 + 3 x3 - x2
10 x 4 + 15 x 2 - 5x
-8 x 3 - 12x + 4
-----------------------------------------------------

2 x 5 + 10 x 4 - 5 x 3 + 14 x 2 - 17x + 4
Special Products
A. ((x + a)) ((x + b)) = x 2 + ((a + b)) x + ab
B. ((ax + b)) ((cx + d)) = acx 2 + ((ad + bc)) x + bd
2
C. ((x + a)) = x 2 + 2 ax + a 2
2
D. ((x - a)) = x 2 - 2 ax + a 2
E. ((x + a)) ((x - a)) = x 2 - a 2
3
F. ((x + a)) = x 3 + 3 ax 2 + 3 a 2 x + a 3
3
G. ((x - a)) = x 3 - 3 ax 2 + 3 a 2 x - a 3
(a) ⎛⎝2 r 2 - ‾ s ⎞⎠ ⎛⎝2 r 2 + ‾ s ⎞⎠
→ ((x + a)) ((x - a)) = x 2 - a 2
x = 2 r2 ; a = ‾ s
2 2
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ ‾ ⎞
= ⎝2 r ⎠ - ⎝ s ⎠
= 4 r4 - s
2
⎛ 1 ⎞ 2
‾
(b) ⎜ c + ―― ⎟ → ((x + a)) = x 2 + 2 ax + a 2
⎝ ‾
c⎠
2 ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞2
= ⎝ c ⎠ + 2 ⎛⎝
⎛ ‾ ⎞ ‾ ⎞
c ⎠ ⎜―― ⎟ + ⎜――⎟
⎝ ‾c⎠ ⎝ ‾ c⎠
1
= c+2+―
c

3
(c) ((2 a - 5 b))
3
3 2 2 3
( )
 3
(c) ((2 a - 5 b))
3
→ ((x - y)) = x 3 - 3 x 2 y + 3 x y 2 - y 3
x = 2a; y = 5b
3 3 2
((2 a - 5 b)) = ((2 a)) - 3 ((2 a)) ((5 b)) ↲
2 3
+ 3 ((2 a)) ((5 b)) - ((5 b))

= 8 a 3 - 60 a 2 b + 150 ab 2 - 125 b 3
3
((x + a)) = x 3 + 3 ax 2 + 3 a 2 x + a 3

3 expand
((2 a - 5 b)) ――→ -⎛⎝125 ⋅ b 3 ⎞⎠ + 150 ⋅ a ⋅ b 2 - 60 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b + 8 ⋅ a 3

f(x) = 2 x 3 + 1
g(x) = x 2
f(x) = 2 x 3 + 1
g(x) = x 2

(g∘f)(x) = g(f(x)) = g( 2 x 3 + 1 )
2
(g∘f)(x) = ⎛⎝2 x + 1⎞⎠
3

2
= ⎛⎝2 x ⎠ + 2 ⎛⎝2 x 3 ⎞⎠ ((1)) + 1 2
3⎞

= 4 x6 + 4 x3 + 1

(f∘g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f( x 2 )
⎛ 2 ⎞3
= 2 ⎝x ⎠ + 1
= 2 x6 + 1

(gf)(x) = g(x)f(x)
= x 2 ⎛⎝2 x 3 + 1⎞⎠ = 2 x 5 + x 2
BINOMIAL EXPANSION

2
((A + B)) = A 2 + 2 AB + B 2
3
((A + B)) = A 3 + 3 A 2 B + 3 AB 2 + B 3
4
((A + B)) = A 4 + 4 A 3 B + 6 A 2 B 2 + 4 AB 3 + B 4

4
⎛⎝2 x + 3 y 2 ⎞⎠
4 3
= ((2 x)) + 4 ((2 x)) ⎛⎝3 y 2 ⎞⎠ ↲
2 2
+ 6 ((2 x)) ⎛⎝3 y ⎠ ↲ 2⎞

3 4
+ 4 ((2 x)) ⎛⎝3 y ⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝3 y ⎞⎠
2 2

= 16 x 4 + 96 x 3 y 2 + 216 x 2 y 4 ↲
+ 216 x y 6 + 81 y 8

4 expand
⎛⎝2 x + 3 y 2 ⎞⎠ ――→ 81 ⋅ y 8 + 216 ⋅ x ⋅ y 6 + 216 ⋅ x 2 ⋅ y 4 + 96 ⋅ x 3 ⋅ y 2 + 16 ⋅ x 4
 13
⎛ 1⎞
Solve for the 4th and 7th terms of ⎜x 2 - ―⎟ .
⎝ y⎠

for n = 13, the coefficients are

1, 13, 78, 286, 715, 1287, 1716, 1716, 1287, 715,
286, 78, 13, 1

13
4th term of ((A + B)) is 286 A 10 B 3 .
13
⎛ 2 1⎞ 10 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 3
4th term of ⎜x - ― ⎟ is 286 ⎛⎝x ⎞⎠ ⎜-―
2
⎟
⎝ y⎠ ⎝ y⎠
x 20
= -286 ―
y3
13 - 7 + 1 = 7
13 - 7 + 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 7 - 1
7th term = 1716 ⎛⎝x ⎞⎠
2
⎜ -― ⎟
⎝ y⎠
6
⎛ 2 ⎞7 ⎛ 1 ⎞
7th term = 1716 ⎝x ⎠ ⎜-― ⎟
⎝ y⎠
x 14
7th term = 1716 ―
y6
 n
r term of ((A + B)) = nC(r-1) A n - r + 1 B r - 1
th

or
n
( )
r term of ((A + B)) = nC(r-1) A n - (r - 1) B r - 1
th

BREAK NA TAYO

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Special Products
A. x 2 + ((a + b)) x + ab = ((x + a)) ((x + b))
2
Special Products
A. x 2 + ((a + b)) x + ab = ((x + a)) ((x + b))
B. acx 2 + ((ad + bc)) x + bd = ((ax + b)) ((cx + d))
2
2 2
C. x + 2 ax + a = ((x + a))
2
2 2
D. x - 2 ax + a = ((x - a))
E. x 2 - a 2 = ((x + a)) ((x - a))
3
3 2 2 3
F. x + 3 ax + 3 a x + a = ((x + a))
3
3 2 2 3
G. x - 3 ax +3 a x - a = ((x - a))
H. x3 + y3 = ((x + y)) ⎛⎝x 2 - xy + y 2 ⎞⎠
I. x3 - y3 = ((x - y)) ⎛⎝x 2 + xy + y 2 ⎞⎠
(a)
2 2
2 2
25 r - 49 s = ((5 r)) - ((7 s))
= ((5 r + 7 s)) ((5 r - 7 s))
2 2
(b) 81 x - y = ⎛⎝9 x ⎠ - ⎛⎝y 2 ⎞⎠
4 4 2⎞

= ⎛⎝9 x 2 + y 2 ⎞⎠ ⎛⎝9 x 2 - y 2 ⎞⎠
⎡ 2 ⎤
= ⎛⎝9 x + y ⎞⎠ ⎣ ((3 x)) - y 2 ⎦
2 2

= ⎛⎝9 x 2 + y 2 ⎞⎠ ((3 x + y)) ((3 x - y))

let x = 1, y = 2
81 ((1)) 4 - ((2)) 4 = 65 = 13 ((5)) ((1))
9 x 2 + y 2 = 9 ((1)) 2 + ((2)) 2 = 13
3 x + y = 3 ((1)) + 2 = 5
3 x - y = 3 ((1)) - 2 = 1
 81 ((1)) 4 - ((2)) 4 = 65 = 13 ((5)) ((1))
9 x 2 + y 2 = 9 ((1)) 2 + ((2)) 2 = 13
3 x + y = 3 ((1)) + 2 = 5
3 x - y = 3 ((1)) - 2 = 1

3 3
8 c - 27 d = ⎛⎝2 c ⎠ - ⎛⎝3 d ⎠
6 9 2⎞ 3⎞

x 3 - y 3 = ((x - y)) ⎛⎝x 2 + xy + y 2 ⎞⎠

x = 2 c2 ; y = 3 d3
⎡ 2 2⎤
= ⎛⎝2 c - 3 d ⎞⎠ ⎣ ⎛⎝2 c ⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝2 c ⎞⎠ ⎛⎝3 d ⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝3 d ⎞⎠ ⎦
2 3 2 2 3 3

= ⎛⎝2 c 2 - 3 d 3 ⎞⎠ ⎛⎝4 c 4 + 6 c 2 d 3 + 9 d 6 ⎞⎠
Divide ⎛⎝4 x 3 - 13 x - 22⎞⎠ by ((x - 3))
f(x) = x 3 - 3 x 2 + x + 5
divide by x-2; c = 2
remainder =f(2) = ((2)) 3 - 3 ((2)) 2 + ((2)) + 5 = 3

x + 3?
remainder = f(-3)
remainder = ((-3)) 3 - 3 ((-3)) 2 + ((-3)) + 5 = -52

f ((x)) = x 3 - 4 x 2 + 3 x + 2
A. f(-1) = ((-1)) 3 - 4 ((-1)) 2 + 3 ((-1)) + 2 = -6
f ((x)) = x 3 - 4 x 2 + 3 x + 2
A. f(-1) = ((-1)) 3 - 4 ((-1)) 2 + 3 ((-1)) + 2 = -6
x + 1 is not a factor
B. f(1) = ((1)) 3 - 4 ((1)) 2 + 3 ((1)) + 2 = 2
x - 1 is not a factor
C. f(-2) = ((-2)) 3 - 4 ((-2)) 2 + 3 ((-2)) + 2 = -28
x +2 is not a factor
D. f(2) = ((2)) 3 - 4 ((2)) 2 + 3 ((2)) + 2 = 0
x - 2 is a factor

f(x) = a ((x - 2)) ((x + 1)) ((x - 3))

((x - 2)) ((x + 1)) = x 2 - x - 2
expand
f(x) = a ((x - 2)) ((x + 1)) ((x - 3))
((x - 2)) ((x + 1)) = x 2 - x - 2
expand
⎛⎝x - x - 2⎞⎠ ((x - 3)) ――→ x 3 - 4 ⋅ x 2 + x + 6
2

f(x) = a ⎛⎝x 3 - 4 x 2 + x + 6⎞⎠

f(x) = ax 3 - 4 ax 2 + ax + 6 a

If f(1) = 5, find a.
5 = a ((1 - 2)) ((1 + 1)) ((1 - 3)) = 4
5
a= ―
4

2 x4 + 5 x3 - 2 x - 8 25
――――――― = 2 x 3 - x 2 + 3 x - 11 + ――
x+3 x+3

Remainder theorem
R = f(-3) = 2 ((-3)) 4 + 5 ((-3)) 3 - 2 ((-3)) - 8 = 25

Practice Problems:
Practice Problems: