Lesson 1: Defining Culture, Society, and Note: 'Yung President may kakayahan na

Politics i-reject 'yung proposal gamit 'yung right

niya to use Veto

2. Legislative (Make and pass laws)

Culture
-Senators (24)
-generally defined as the sum of an
individual’s way of life, ranging from the -House of representative (306)
food they eats, clothes they wear, and
house they live. BILL = proposal

-Materials/Non-materials 3. Judiciary (Interpret laws based on the

standards and norms)
Society
-Supreme court (15 in total: 1 Chief Justice,
-Is generally defined as an organized 14 associate Justices)
group/s of interdependent people who
shares a common territory, language and Socioeconomic Status
culture.
- refers to the categories of person
Politics who have more or less the same
socioeconomic privileges in a society.
-refers to the theory, art and
practice of government. -Privileges due to inherent/inherited
wealth, occupational status of the
• Political institution breadwinner in the household.
Government - concrete example of political 3 Types of Social classes:
institution.
• Upper Class
Power
- considered the most productive in
- is manifested in acquisition of terms of resources generation.
statuses and function.
-Very successful in their respective
fields of interests and endeavours;
agriculture; industry business &
Trivia: Our form of government is
government.
Democratic Republic
2 types of Upper class:

1. New Rich- start from humble

3 Branches of Government
beginning
1. Executive (Implementing laws) 2. Traditional Upper Class- acquired
their wealth through
-President inheritance/birthright.
-Vice President
• Middle Class
- composed of small business and
industry operations mostly owners and
managers, office workers.
-Enough to provide a comfortable
and descent living.
-OFW contribute greatly to economy
• Lower Class
- skilled and unskilled artisans,
service workers; people who maybe
unemployed or underemployed, and those
who belong to indigent families.
Subsistence life style are manifested
through the ff. conditions: (Skl
pinakabisado sa amin 'to, tatlo lang naman
kaya keri)
1. Family could hardly eat three descent
meal a day.
2. The breadwinner does not have a
permanent job.
3. The daily income of the breadwinner
could not feed the entire family.
Ethnicity
- the most potent cultural concept
- the expression of the set of cultural
ideas held by distinct ethnic or indigenous
group.
- people who collectively and
publicly identify themselves as distinct and
unique based on distinguishable culture
features that set them apart from others:
Language, shared ancestry, common origin,
and traditions.
Note: In terms of Culture Indigenous people
have PRESERVED CULTURE while Ethnic
groups have MODERN CULTURE.
Religion
- an organized system of ideas about
the spiritual sphere or supernatural.
- ceremonial and realistic practices.
Exceptionality
- being intellectually gifted
- having physically or mentally
challenge condition
Nationality
- legal relationship that binds a
person and a country.
- gives people a sense of identity and
belongingness.
Lesson 2:
Norms
- are often in the form of rules,
standards or prescription that are strictly
followed by people.
-every society has its own norms.
Types of Norms:
1. Norms of Decency- it is commonly
exhibited on the type of clothing a
person wears in specific occasion. It
also includes the manners and
behaviours that shows a person’s
refinement and civility.
2. Norms of Conventionality- these are
beliefs and practices that are
 acceptable to certain cultures, but
can be inimical to other cultures.
Conformity
- is defined as the state of having
internalized norms as part of social
expectation.
Deviance
- it described an action or behaviour
that violates social norms.
Types of Deviance:
1. Formal Deviance- it includes actions
that violate enacted laws.
2. Informal Deviance- refers to
violations social norms that are not
codified in to law.
Taboos
- related to food are also manifested
of deviancy.
Lesson 3: Social, Political, and Cultural
change
Change
- is generally pervasive and takes
place in culture, society, and politics.
Social Change
- refers to variation or modification
in the patterns of social organization of
sub-groups within a society or in the entire
society itself.
3 Causes of Social Change:
1. Invention- defined as new
combination or new use of existing
knowledge.
2. Discovery- takes place when people
recognized existing elements of the
world they had not noticed or learned
to see in the new way.
3. Diffusion- refers to the spread of
culture traits from one group to
another.
CULTURE SPREAD THROUGH THE
PROCESS OF:
1. Enculturation- takes place when
one culture spread to another through
learning.
2. Socialization- learning through
constant exposure and experiences to
culture.
3. Association- establishing a
connection with other culture,
bridging.
4. Integration- is the total assimilation
of culture as manifested by change of
worldviews, behaviour and
perspective of looking things.
Political Change
- change in the direction of
participatory and accountable politics.
Cultural Change
- refers to all alterations affecting
new traits and change in culture’s content
and structure.
Changes caused by several factors:
1. Physical Environment- natural
disasters (lindol, bagyo, etc.)
2. Population- overpopulation
3. War and Conquest- constant of war
4. Technology
Lesson 4: The Essence of Anthropology, Lesson 5 & 6: Society and Culture
Political Science, and Sociology

Culture and society are interrelated,

Anthropology these concept are not exactly the same.
- it is the study of human beings and Society exists when social beings
their ancestors. behave towards each other in ways
determined by their recognition of one
-produce knowledge about what another.
makes people different from one
another and what they share in
common.
John Honigman- An anthropologist, he
4 Fields of Discipline: pointed out the
1. Physical Anthropology 3 Components of cultures:
2. Biological Anthropology
3. Cultural Anthropology 1. Ideas- are thoughts, beliefs, rules,
4. Linguistic and feelings.
2. Activities- dynamic components of
Political Science culture.
3. Artifacts- man-made products of
- it is the body of knowledge relating ideas and activities.
to the study of state and government.
According to Taylor, culture is LEARNED,
- primarily focuses on the POWER SHARED and SYMBOLIC.
Political Power is divided into 2:
1. Central Power Aspects of Culture
2. Local Power
Culture is:
Sociology
1. DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE,
- considered the science of society ADAPTIVE- allow people to fit into
and social behaviour and adapt to their respective
- deals with social development environment.
perspective 2. SHARED and CONTESTED-
commonly share ideas, activities, and
artifacts. -behaviour of people
becomes socially and conventionally
ANTHROPOLOGY and SOCIOLOGY also standardized in form of manner.
help to explain the traditions customs, and 3. LEARNING THROUGH
beliefs of people. SOCIALIZATION and
ENCULTURATION- culture is
learned rather transmitted
biologically.
4. PATTERNED SOCIAL
INTERACTION- social interaction,
as commonly viewed, mutually of
responce.

5. INTEGRATED at times
UNSTABLE- culture is not closed
system.

6. TRANSMITTED THROUGH
SOCIALIZATION or
ENCULTURATION- acquired
through learning cultural ideas,
activities and artifacts are handed
down from generation to generation
as super organic inheritance, means
that it is inherently passed on.

7. REQUIRED LANGUAGE and

other FORMS of
COMMUNICATION- language has
been called “the store house of
culture”

- Language is the most important

means of cultural transmission
- Reconstruct the earlier language
from which our contemporary
language evolved.