Relations & Functions 3

Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT-Patna
7+ years Teaching experience
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Relations & Functions 3
 Previous Lecture
❖ Inverse of Relation
❖ Domain, Codomain and Range
❖ For Relation to become function
➢ All the elements of A must be mapped
➢ Each element in A must have one and only one
image in B
❖ Ramayan is not function, but Mahabharat is function
Homework
A B A B
a p a p
b q b q
c r c r
d s d s

f f
A B A B
a p a p
b q b q
c r c r
d s d s
t
 Domain, Codomain and Range of functions

Domain =
A B
Codomain =

Range = a p

b q

c r

d s
 Domain, Codomain and Range of functions

Domain =
A B
Codomain =

Range = 1 1

-1 4

3 9

-3 16
Types of functions

1. One-one and many-one

2. Onto and into
One-one and Many-one functions

A B A B

a p a p

b q b q

c r c r
d s d s
 Onto and Into functions

A B A B

a p a p

b q b q

c r c r
d s d s
One-one or Many-one?

y = x2

y=|x|
Shortcut - Graphical method

Horizontal line test

Vertical line test

HLT → To check whether the fn is one-one/many-one

VLT → to check whether it is fn or not

Horizontal line test
Horizontal line test

y = x3 y = 1/x
Horizontal line test

y = sin x y = cos x
All periodic functions are many-one?

y = sin x
Vertical line test
Are they functions?
Names

One - one ↔ Injective

Onto ↔ Surjective

Injective + Surjective = Bijective

Inverse of a function
f-1(x) → inverse of function exists only for bijective fn

Why?
If the function is Many-one
A B A B

1 1
-1 1 -1 1
2 4 2 4
-2 -2
If the function is INTO

A B A B

1 a 1 a
2 b 2 b
c c
ODD / Even Functions
Even and Odd functions
Even and Odd functions
Even Odd
If f(-x) = f (x) If f(x) = -f(x)

Eg. |x|, x2 Eg. x, x3

Eg. cos x, sec x Eg. sin x, cosec x
tan x , cot x

NOTE

1. A function might be neither odd nor even

2. f(x)=0 is the only function which is both
even as well as odd.
Check if function is odd/even?

1. f(x) = x3 + x
2. g(x) = x2 + |x|
Example f (x) = 2x3 - x + 1

A. Odd

B. Even

C. Neither odd nor even

D. Both even as well as odd

Example

A. Odd
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B. Even

C. Neither odd nor even

D. Both even as well as odd

Example

A. Odd
IIT JEE
B. Even

C. Neither odd nor even

D. Both even as well as odd

 Summary
❖ One-One ↔ Injective
❖ ONTO ↔ Surjective
❖ Inverse of function exists only for bijective functions
❖ Function is ONTO if
➢ Codomain = Range
❖ Horizontal Line Test(HLT) is done to check if the fn
one one or many one
❖ Vertical Line Test(VLT) is done to check if the given
graph is function or not
❖ Function is EVEN if f(-x) = f(x)
❖ Function is ODD if f(-x) = - f(x)
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