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Heat Transfer 1
Heat Transfer 1
Heat Transfer 1
HEAT TRANSFER
5 REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES
Prescribed Textbook
Frank Kreith, Raj M. Manglik, Mark S. Bohn. Principles of Heat
Transfer. 7th ed. Singapore. Cengate Learning Inc., 2011
T. W. Fraser Russell, Anne S. Robinson, Norman J. Wagner, Mass
and heat transfer. New York, Cambrigde University Press, 2008
Reference Literature
[1] William S. Janna. Engineering Heat Transfer. 2nd ed. Boca Raton.
CRC, 2000
[2] John H. Lienhard. A Heat Transfer Textbook. 3rd ed.
Massachusetts. Plogiston, 2008
[3]. Purdue University Thermophysical Properties Research Center.
Thermophysical Properties of Matter. New York, NY: IFI/Plenum, 1970-
1979
[4]. Reid, R. C. The Properties of Gases and Liquids. 4th ed. New York,
NY: McGraw-Hill, 1987
LECTURE PRESENTATION
HEAT TRANSFER
HOW
WHEN
WHAT
HEAT
TRANSFER
Text
WHAT
WHAT IS HEAT TRANSFER?
HOW
HOW
WHEN
WHEN
WHAT
HEAT
TRANSFER
Text
WHAT
WHEN DOES HEAT TRANSFER?
Definitely wrong
conclusion
HOW
HOW
WHEN
WHEN
WHAT
HEAT
TRANSFER
Text
WHAT
Diagram
HEAT TRANSFER
1 2 3
CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION
HOW DO HEAT TRANSFER?
Dimension Unit
Q=mCT (J)
Where:
The specific heat capacity of a material is the quantity of
heat needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass
through a unit degree (J/KgoK).
HEAT MEASUREMENT
𝑄
𝑞= (W)
𝑡
" 𝑄
𝑞 = (W/m2)
𝐴.𝑡
DEMENSIONS & UNITS
Example
QT = mccc t + mwcw t
Coffee-water: (0.20 kg)(4186 J/kgC0)(76 C0)
QT = 63,600 J + 14,800 J
CLASS PROBLEMS
Solution:
The amount of heat this resistor dissipates during a 24-hour period is
Q qt (0.6 W)(24 h) 14.4 Wh = 51.84 kJ
D 2 (0.4 cm) 2
As 2 DL 2 (0.4 cm)(1.5 cm) 0.251 1.885 2.136 cm 2
4 4
The heat flux on the surface of the resistor:
q 0.60 W
q
"
0.2809 W/cm 2
As 2.136 cm 2
HEAT MEASUREMENT
Change of phase
The latent heat of fusion (hf) of a substance is the heat per
unit mass required to change the substance from the solid to the liquid
phase of its melting temperature.
hf =Q/m
hv =Q/m
LATENT HEAT EXCHANGE
Solution:
Heat required to convert 0 °C ice to 0 °C water
Use the formula q = m·hf
q = (25 g)x(334 J/g)
Class problem
Thermal conductivity
is a material property that indicates the amount
of heat that will flow per unit time across an unit
area when the temperature gradient is unity
k (W/m)
CONDUCTION
Thermal conductivity
CONDUCTION
Process Heat Transfer Principles and Applications - Robert W. Serth - Elsevier Science &
Technology Books
Example
Solution:
Assumptions : Steady operating conditions exist during the entire
night since the surface temperatures of the roof remain constant at the
specified values.
The area of the roof is A = 6 m x 8 m = 48 m2,
The heat transfer through the roof is
The amount of heat lost through the roof during a 10-hour period
Problem: A refrigerator consumes 600 W of power when operating, and its motor
remains on for 5 min and then off for 15 min periodically. Refrigerator has height of 1.8
m, width of 0.8 m and length of 1.2 m. the thickness of the refrigerator walls is 0.03m.
What is the average thermal conductivity of the refrigerator walls?
Assumptions 1 Quasi-steady operating conditions exist. 2 The inner and outer surface
temperatures of the refrigerator remain constant. The coefficient of performance (COP)
of the refrigerator is 2.5. The temperature difference between two side of the
refrigerator’s walls is constant and equal to 30oC.
Solution:
The total surface area of the refrigerator where heat transfer takes place is
Since the refrigerator has a COP of 2.5, the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated
space, which is equal to the rate of heat gain in steady operation, is
But the refrigerator operates a quarter of the time (5 min on, 15 min off). Therefore, the
average rate of heat gain is
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