DEPT.

OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Title of Experiment : 1. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws

Name of the candidate : Mithun Menon

Register Number : RA2111003010835

Date of Experiment :24-09-2021

Sl. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

No. (50)
1 Pre Lab questions 5
2 Oral Viva / Online Quiz 15
3 Circuit Connection and Execution 15
4 Verification 10
5 Post Lab questions 5
Total 50

Staff Signature
 18EES101J-BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)

PRE LAB QUESTIONS

1. Define Ohm’s law.

Ohm’s law states that the current flowing through a conductor then is directly proportional
to the voltage across it’s ends.

2. State KCL and KVL.

KCL states that the algebraic sum of the current flowing through a junction is 0.
KVL states that the around a closed loop the sum of the voltage adds up to 0.

3. Define absolute potential and potential difference

Absolute potential is the work done to move a charge from infinity to a point.
Potential difference is the work done to move a charge from 1 point to another.

4. What is the difference between mesh and loop?

A loop is a closed path in a circuit whereas a mesh is a loop that doesn’t contain a loop
within itself.

5. What is super-node?

Super node is a surface enclosing the voltage source and its two nodes.

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 18EES101J-BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)

Experiment No. 1 VERIFICATION OF KIRCHOFF’S LAWS

Date :

Aim:
To verify Kirchhoff’s current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law for the given circuit.

Apparatus Required:
Sl.No. Apparatus Range Quantity
1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-30 V) 2
2 Resistance 330 , 220  1k 6
3 Ammeter (0-30 mA)MC 3
4 Voltmeter (0-30 V)MC 3
5 Bread Board & Wires -- Required

Statement:

KCL: The algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a node/junction is equal to zero.

KVL: In any closed path / mesh, the algebraic sum of all the voltages is zero.

Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.

Procedure for KCL:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value of voltage (refer table) in RPS using voltage control knob
3. Note down the corresponding ammeter reading
4. Repeat the same for different voltages

Procedure for KVL:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2.
3. Set a particular of voltage (refer table) in RPS.
4. Note all the voltage reading
5. Repeat the same for different voltages

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 18EES101J-BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)

HARDWARE SETUP:

Circuit for KCL verification:

KCL - Theoretical Values:

Sl. Voltage Current I1 = I2 + I3
No. E I1 I2 I3
Volts mA mA mA mA
1 10 11.36 5.16 6.19 11.356
2 20 22.73 10.33 12.39 22.72
3 25 28.42 15.01 12.91 27.92

KCL - Practical Values:

Sl. Voltage Current I1 = I2 + I3
No. E I1 I2 I3
Volts mA mA mA mA
1 10 11.37 6.25 5.12 11.37=6.25+5.12
2 20 22.74 12.5 10.24 22.74=12.5+10.24
3 25 28.42 15.62 12.8 28.42=15.62+12.8

Model Calculations:

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 18EES101J-BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)

Circuit for KVL verification:

KVL – Theoretical Values

Sl.No. RPS Calculated voltage values KVL
E1 V1 V2 E1 = V1 + V2
V V V V
1 10 2.48 7.51 10
2 20 4.96 15.03 19.99
3 25 6.2 18.79 24.93

KVL - Practical Values

Sl.No. RPS Voltmeter reading KVL
E1 V1 V2 E1 = V1 + V2
V V V V
1 10 2.48 7.52 10
2 20 4.96 15.04 20
3 25 6.2 18.8 25

Model Calculations

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 18EES101J-BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)

Simulation Circuit
KCL

KVL

Result:
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 18EES101J-BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)

1. Kirchhoff’s Circuit Law has been verified successfully.

2. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law has been verified successfully.

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 18EES101J-BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (LABORATORY)

POST LAB QUESTIONS

1. Illustrate KCL and KVL.

KCL states that the algebraic sum of the current flowing through a junction is 0.KVL
states that the around a closed loop the sum of the voltage adds up to 0..

2. Express the limitations of Ohm’s law?

 The law is not applicable to unilateral networks.

 Ohm’s law is also not applicable to non – linear elements.

 If I is the current for a certain V, then reversing the direction of V keeping its

magnitude fixed, does not produce a current of the same magnitude as I in the
opposite direction

3. What is the practical application of Kirchhoff’s law?

Kirchhoff's Laws are useful in understanding the transfer of energy through an electric
circuit. They are also valuable in analyzing electric circuits.

4. Compare series and parallel circuits

In series circuits same number of current flows through all the components whereas in
parallel circuits the current flowing through each component combines to form the
current flow through the source.

5. What is the difference between series and parallel connection of batteries?

Batteries connected in series stack their voltages in order to run machinery that
requires higher voltage amounts. ... In contrast, batteries connected in a parallel
configuration can increase the amp-hour capacity of your batteries, at the same
voltage.