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Country Region Sub-region Grape Climate Style

Germany Mosel Riesling Cool – stony soil Body: light / medium sweetness / high acidity
Reflection
sunlight river
Rheingenau Riesling Cool Dry / more body
Pfalz Riesling Cool Dry / body: medium
France Alsace Alsace AOC Riesling Cool Dry / pronounced aroma and flavour intensity / ripe citrus + stone
fruit + blossom
Pinot Gris Cool Vendanges tardives / acidity: medium / dry – medium / peach +
mango + ginger + notes of honey in-bottle
Grand cru vineyards = best
Gewurztraminer Body: full / acidity: low – medium / alcohol: high
Bourgogne Bourgogne AOC Chardonnay Cool – moderate Simple wine / flavour: apple, lemon / acidity: high
Villages Gevrey- Pinot Noir Acidity: high / tannins: low-medium /
Chambertin AOC Strawberries + red cherries + raspberry
Villages Nuits- Ripeness at time of harvest will influence fresheness
Saint-Georges
AOC
Pommard AOC
Chablis AOC Chardonnay Cool Dry / acidity: high / flavours: lemon + apple + wet stone / limited to
no oak (inert vessels)
Côte d’Ôr Côte de Beaune: Chardonnay Moderate Ripe fruit flavours: peach + melon
Meursault AOC
Puligny-
Montrachet AOC
Mâconnais Mâcon AOC Chardonnay Flavours: stone fruit (peach) + citrus (lemon) + tropical (melon)
Pouilly-Fuissé Fruit + unoaked
AOC
Loire Sancerre AOC Sauvignon Blanc Cool Dry / flavours: herbaceous (grass + asparagus) + wet stones
Pouilly-Fumé AOC
Touraine AOC Sauvignon Blanc Cool Fruity + inexpensive
Vouvray AOC Chenin Blanc Cool Dry – sweet
Dry: apple / off-dry: demi-sec / sweet: (botrytis) stone fruit +
tropical fruit
Bordeaux Bordeaux AOC Sauvignon Blanc Simple, fresh / grass + green apple

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Sémillon Dry – sweet / blends: sauvignon blanc
Merlot
Sauternes Sémillon
Graves AOC Sauvignon Blanc More complex
Pessac-Léognan Blends: Sémillon (body + helps with aging) + oak flavours + bottle
AOC aging (honey + nuts)
Graves AOC Merlot moderate Often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon
Médoc
Sauternes
Cabernet Sauvignon
Saint-Émilion AOC Merlot
Pomerol AOC
Médoc AOC Cabernet Sauvignon Soil: gravel (pebbles)
Haut-Médoc AOC
(Margaux AOC,
Pauillac AOC)
Northern Condrieu AOC Viognier Single-varietal / floral: blossom + apricot + peach / acidity: low-
Rhône medium
Côte Rotie AOC Syrah Complex peppery Syrah
Co-ferment: Viognier (floral)
Hermitage AOC Syrah High quality appellations
Crozes-Hermitage Syrah Less intense + less expensive + less complex
AOC
Southern Côtes du Rhone Grenache Warm Body: medium / red fruit
Rhône AOC
Côtes du Rhone Grenache Higher level of fruit concentration + complexity
Village AOC
Châteauneuf-du- Grenache Warm (pebbles) Body: full / high alcohol / bottle-aging: caramel + dried fruits
pape AOC
South of Merlot Single-varietal
France Blends: Syrah + Cabernet Sauvignon + Grenache
Cabernet Sauvignon More reliable ripening / single-varietal + blends (merlot + others)
Minervois AOC Syrah Blends with local varieties
Grenache Blends: Syrah / red fruit flavours
Pays d’Oc IGP Syrah Single-varietal

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Beaujolais Gamay Moderate Banana + candy + red fruit flavours / body: light / tannin: low -
medium
Australia Eden Valley + Riesling Moderate Dry / pronounced aromas: lime + peach + blossom + petrol
Clare Valley
South Eastern Chardonnay Warm Grapes from very broad area / irrigation / blends: Semillon for
Australia balance
Syrah Inexpensive high volume
South- Adelaide Hills Chardonnay Moderate Ripe stone fruit (peach) + pineapple + banana + balanced oak /
Australia Victoria acidity: high
Yarra Valley Sauvignon Blanc Fresh + fruity: citrus – tropical fruit
Blends: Semillon (fuller + greater aging potential)
Pinot Noir
Mornington Pinot Noir
Peninsula
Western Margaret River Chardonnay Warm – cooling Longer growing season / peach + pineapple + vanilla + spice (oak)
Australia breezes
Sauvignon Blanc Single varietal / blend: Semillon
Concentrated herbaceous notes: grass
Merlot Traditionally blended with Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon Blend with Merlot – ripe black fruit + oak
New-South Hunter Valley Semillon Warm Single-varietal / light body / low alcohol / early harvest / acidity:
Wales Barossa Valley high / inert vessels
Barossa Syrah Oldest Syrah vines + low yields + concentrated black fruit / body:
full / tannins: high / cooked black fruit + black pepper + spicy notes
Grenache Old vines / outstanding / concentrated fruit
Blends: Shiraz (similar style to Chateauneuf-du-Pape)
Hunter Valley Syrah Body: medium / tannins: high / fresh black fruit + meat, earth
Coonawara Cabernet Sauvignon Mint + blackcurrant + smoke + cedar (oak)
Bottle-aging
USA California Inland Central Chardonnay Warm High yields – high volume brands
Valley Flavour: peach + pineapple / acidity: medium / body: medium /
oak: chips or staves
Pinot Noir
Northern Carneros, Chardonnay Moderate due to Body: full / flavours: tropical + vanilla + spice (new oak)

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California Sonoma coastal influence
Napa Valley
Napa Valley Sauvignon Blanc California too warm to have fresh + herbaceous S.B
Napa Valley: early harvest
Merlot Label: California – concentrated full body / oak: vanilla (new
barrels)
Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon Powerful, labelled Cabernet Sauvignon
Calistoga
Sonoma Cabernet Sauvignon Warm Outstanding quality
Napa Valley
Oakville Cabernet Sauvignon Warm Body: full / ripe black fruit
Rutherford
Central Coast Santa Barbara Chardonnay Moderate due to Style similar to Côte de Beaune to more tropical flavours / Higher
County coastal influence alcohol / more pronounced flavours from new oak
Oregon Chardonnay Moderate Acidity: high / flavours: lemon + melon / small production
Pinot Noir
New Marlborough Chardonnay Cool – moderate Lemon + peach + melon + subtle oak / acidity: high /
Zealand Sauvignon Blanc Moderate More pronounced characteristics than Loire / lemon + peach +
passion fruit + green bell pepper + asparagus
Blends across sites + harvested at different levels of ripeness
Hawke’s Bay Chardonnay Moderate Body: full / acidity: high / pronounced stone fruit + vanilla + spice
(oak)
Merlot Moderate + Light – fruity / body: full
rainfall Single-varietal + blend with Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon Moderate Blend with Merlot
Chile Casablanca Chardonnay Cooling Longer growing season / Flavours: lemon + peach + varying levels
Valley influences of oak influence
Pinot Noir
Sauvignon Blanc
Central Valley Chardonnay Moderate Range of quality levels: high quality or high volume
(altitude)
Merlot Moderate Soft – medium body – high volume brands for immediate
(altitude) consumption
Carmenère Warm Pungent herbaceous (capsicum) + tomato leaf + black fruit flavours
+ herbal notes (eucalyptus) + coffee + chocolate / acidity: medium-

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high / single-varietal + blends
Maipo Valley Cabernet Sauvignon Single-varietal
Colchague Blends: Merlot + Carmenère
Valley Herbal (mint) + herbaceous (green bell pepper) + black fruit + oak
South Western Cape Chardonnay Hot inland High volume brands
Africa Blends: Chenin Blanc
Pinotage Red fruit
Medium body to full body / oak / single-varietal / blends: cabernet
sauvignon + merlot (cape blends)
Walker Bay Chardonnay Coolest in SA Good quality / acidity: high / flavours: peach + pineapple + oak
Pinot Noir
Constantia Sauvignon Blanc Refreshing + tropical + herbaceous
Elgin Sauvignon Blanc Cooled by Green fruit (apple) + sometimes wet stones
altitude
/ Chenin Blanc Warm High acidity in warm climate
High volume brands / dry / body: medium / peach + pineapple +
vanilla (oak chips/staves)
Stellenbosch Merlot Moderate-warm Complex / age-worthy / Bordeaux varieties
Cabernet Sauvignon Moderate-warm Fresh, herbal, full body, cooked fruits, high level of alcohol
Cabe blend: pinotage
Italy Veneto Delle Venezie Pinot Grigio Inexpensive / high yield / early picked / flavours: apple + lemon /
DOC finish: short / acceptable to good quality
Veneto IGT
Soave DOC Garganega Apple + pear + lemon + peach + honey (in-bottle)
Soave Classico Dry (recioto = appassimento)
DOC Acidity: high
Recioto di Soave Body: medium
DOCG Drink young + fresh
Valpolicella DOC Corvina Body: light / fruit / simple in flavour / no oak / drink young
Valpolicella Corvina More body + complexity
Classico DOCG
Amarone della Corvina Dry – off-dry
Valpolicella Appassimento - body: full / alcohol: high / tannins: high /
pronounced flavours of fresh red fruit + dried prunes + raisins + figs
Recioto della Corvina Sweet / partially dried grapes / sugar levels not possible to ferment

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Valpolicella DOCG to dryness
Friuli-Venezia Pinot Grigio More complex
Giulia Body: full
Piemonte Gavi DOCG Cortese Cool – moderate Floral: blossom + apple + pear + lemon / dry / acidity: high / body:
light / no oak /
Barolo DOCG Nebbiolo Body: full / pronounced flavours / tannins: high / acidity: high
Barbaresco Nebbiolo Similarly powerful + long-lived wines
Age potential!
Barbera d’Asti Barbera Tannins: low / drink young
Marche Verdicchio dei Verdicchio Apple + pear + lemon + fennel / dry / acidity: high / body: medium
Castelli di Jesi Drink young
Campania Fiano del Avellino Fiano Peach + melon + mango + lees contact + oak
DOCG Dry / acidity: medium / body: medium-full / drink young
Tuscany Chianti Sangiovese Red fruit + dried herbs / tannins: high / acidity: high
Montalcino Brunello
Montepulciano Montepulciano Montepulciano Black fruit / acidity: medium / tannins: high
d’Abruzzo DOC
Hungary Tokaji Furmint Sweet wine (botrytis) + blended with local grape varieties
(complexity) / stone fruit + citrus + caramel + vanilla / body: full /
acidity: high / finish: long + intense
Spain Galicia DO Rias Baixas Albariño Cooler + wetter Lemon + grapefruit + peach + apricot
Acidity: high / body: medium / unoaked + contact lees
Rioja Rioja DOCa Garnacha Dry rose
Navarra DO
Tempranillo Moderate Blends: tempranillo + garnacha
Catalunya Priorat DOCa Garnacha Warm Most powerful + body: full / old vines + tiny yields + blends
Catalunya DO Tempranillo Warm Simple + fruity + light bodied to powerful + oak
Burgos region Ribeira del Duero Tempranillo Warm Very full body + fresh black fruit flavours
DO
Argentina Mendoza Malbec Black fruit / body: full / tannins: high / new oak / blends: cabernet
sauvignon and/or merlot
Single varietal

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