Capital Extension (All Muscles Act Bilaterally)

56 Rectus capitis posterior major C1 (suboccipital)

57 Rectus capitis posterior minor C1 (suboccipital)

58 Obliquus capitis superior C1 (suboccipital)

59 Obliquus capitis inferior (extension doubtful) C1 (suboccipital)

60 Longissimus capitis C3-C8 (greater occipital)

61 Splenius capitis C3-C6

62 Semispinalis capitis C2-T1

63 Spinalis capitis C3-T1

83 Sternocleidomastoid (posterior) Accessory (XI) and C2-C3

124 Trapezius (upper) Accessory (XI) and C3-C4

Capital Flexion (All Muscles Act Bilaterally)

72 Rectus capitis anterior C1-C2

73 Rectus capitis lateralis C1-C2

74 Longus capitis C1-C3

75 Mylohyoid Trigeminal (V)

76 Stylohyoid Facial (VII)

77 Geniohyoid Hypoglossal (XII) with fibers from C1

78 Digastric Anterior belly Trigeminal (V) Posterior belly Facial (VII)

Cervical Extension (All Muscles Act Bilaterally)

64 Longissimus cervicis C3-T3

65 Semispinalis cervicis C2-T5

66 Iliocostalis cervicis C4-T3

67 Splenius cervicis C4-C8

69 Interspinales cervicis C3-C8

68 Spinalis cervicis C4-C8

124 Trapezius (upper) Accessory (XI) and C3-C4

70 Intertransversarii cervicis C3-C8

71 Rotatores cervicis C3-C8

94 Multifidus Segmental spinal nerves (axis to sacrum)

127 Levator scapulae C3-C4 spinal nerves (ventral rami) C5 dorsal scapular nerve
Cervical Flexion (All Muscles Act Bilaterally and are Variable)

79 Longus colli C2-C6

80 Scalenus anterior C4-C6

81 Scalenus medius C3-C8

82 Scalenus posterior C6-C8

83 Sternocleidomastoid Accessory (XI), C2-C3

84 Sternothyroid C1-C3

85 Thyrohyoid Hypoglossal (XII) and C1

86 Sternohyoid Hypoglossal (XII) and C1-C3

87 Omohyoid C1-C3

88 Platysma Facial (VII)

Rotation to Same Side (Turn Face to Same Side; All Variable)

56 Rectus capitis posterior major C1 (suboccipital)

59 Obliquus capitis inferior C1 (suboccipital)

60 Longissimus capitis C3-C8

61 Splenius capitis (debated) C3-C6

67 Splenius cervicis C4-C8

74 Longus capitis C1-C3

80 Scalenus anterior C4-C6

81 Scalenus medius C3-C8

82 Scalenus posterior C6-C8

127 Levator scapulae C5 (dorsal scapular) and C3-C4

Rotation to Opposite Side (All Innervations Variable)

124 Trapezius (upper) Accessory (XI) and C3-C4

62 Semispinalis capitis C2-T1

65 Semispinalis cervicis C2-T5

71 Rotatores cervicis C3-C8

79 Longus colli C2-C6

83 Sternocleidomastoid Accessory (XI) and C2-C3

94 Multifidus Segmental spinal nerves

Thoracic Extension
89 Iliocostalis thoracis T1-T12 (variable)

91 Longissimus thoracis T1-L1

92 Spinalis thoracis T1-T12 (variable)

93 Semispinalis thoracis T1-T12

94 Multifidus T1-T12 spinal nerves; whole spine

95 Rotatores thoracis T1-T12 (variable)

97 Interspinales thoracis T1-T3, T11-T12 (variable)

99 Intertransversarii thoracis

Lumbar Forward Flexion

110 Obliquus externus abdominis (both) T7-T12

111 Obliquus internus abdominis (both) T7-L1

113 Rectus abdominis (both) T7-T12

174 Psoas major L2-L4

175 Psoas minor L1 Lumbar Extension

90 Iliocostalis lumborum (both) L1-L5

94 Multifidus Spinal nerves: axis to sacrum

96 Rotatores lumborum (both) Lumbar spinal nerves (variable)

98 Interspinales lumborum Lumbar spinal nerves (variable)

99 Intertransversarii thoracis and lumborum Thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

100 Quadratus lumborum (both) T12-L3 (ventral rami)

182 Gluteus maximus L5-S2 inferior gluteal nerve

Lumbar Lateral Bending

90 Iliocostalis lumborum Lumbar spinal nerves (variable)

99 Intertransversarii lumborum Lumbar spinal nerves (variable)

100 Quadratus lumborum T12-L3

110 Obliquus externus abdominis T7-T12

111 Obliquus internus abdominis T7-L1

174 Psoas major L2-L4

Lumbar Rotation to Same Side

111 Obliquus internus abdominis T7-L1

Lumbar Rotation to Opposite Side

94 Multifidi Spinal nerves, axis to sacrum

96 Rotatores lumborum Lumbar spinal nerves (variable)

110 Obliquus externus abdominis T7-T12

Quiet Inspiration

101 Diaphragm C4 (phrenic)

102 Intercostales externi T1-T11 (intercostal)

103 Intercostales interni T1-T11 (intercostal)

104 Intercostales intimi T1-T11 (intercostal)

107 Levatores costarum T1-T11 (intercostal)

80 Scalenus anterior C4-C6

81 Scalenus medius C3-C8

82 Scalenus posterior C6-C8

108 Serratus posterior superior T2-T5 (intercostal)

Deep back extensors Segmental spinal nerves Expiration (During Exertion, Coughing, Valsalva
Maneuver, etc.)

110 Obliquus externus abdominis T7-T12

111 Obliquus internus abdominis T7-L1

113 Rectus abdominis T7-T12

112 Transversus abdominis T7-L1 (intercostal)

102 Intercostales externi (supporting data scarce) T1-T11 (intercostal)

103 Intercostales interni T1-T11 (intercostal)

106 Transversus thoracis T2-T11 (intercostal)

130 Latissimus dorsi C6-C8 (thoracodorsal)

Forced Inspiration All muscles of quiet inspiration plus:

83 Sternocleidomastoid Accessory (XI); C2-C3

88 Platysma Facial (VII)

131 Pectoralis major C5-T1 (medial and lateral pectorals)

129 Pectoralis minor C5-T1 (medial and lateral pectorals)

130 Latissimus dorsi C6-C8 (thoracodorsal)

Elevation of Pelvis
100 Quadratus lumborum T12-L3 spinal nerves

130 Latissimus dorsi C6-C8 (thoracodorsal)

110 Obliquus externus abdominis T7-T12 spinal nerves

111 Obliquus internus abdominis T7-T12 spinal nerves

90 Iliocostalis lumborum L1-L5 spinal nerves

The Scapula Scapular Elevation (Shrugging)

124 Trapezius (upper) Accessory (XI) and C3-C4

127 Levator scapulae C3-C4; C5 (dorsal scapular)

125 Rhomboid major C5 (dorsal scapular)

126 Rhomboid minor C5 (dorsal scapular)

Scapular Depression

124 Trapezius (lower) Accessory (XI) and C3-C4

132 Subclavius C5-C6 (nerve to subclavius)

Scapular Abduction (Protraction)

128 Serratus anterior C5-C7 (long thoracic)

129 Pectoralis minor C5-T1 (medial pectoral)

Scapular Adduction (Retraction)

124 Trapezius (middle and lower) Accessory (XI) and C3-C4

125 Rhomboid major C5 (dorsal scapular)

126 Rhomboid minor C5 (dorsal scapular)

127 Levator scapulae C3-C4; C5 (dorsal scapular)

Scapular Upward Rotation (Glenoid Fossa Up)

124 Trapezius (upper and lower) Accessory (XI) and C3-C4

128 Serratus anterior C5-C7 (long thoracic)

Scapular Downward Rotation (Glenoid Fossa Down)

125 Rhomboid major C5 (dorsal scapular)

126 Rhomboid minor C5 (dorsal scapular)

127 Levator scapulae C3-C4; C5 (dorsal scapular)

Shoulder Flexion (Musculocutaneous)

139 Coracobrachialis C5-C7 musculocutaneous)

133 Deltoid (anterior and middle) C5-C6 (axillary)

131 Pectoralis major (clavicular part) C5-C6 (lateral pectoral)

Shoulder Abduction

133 Deltoid (middle) C5-C6 (axillary)

135 Supraspinatus C5-C6 (suprascapular)

Shoulder Adduction

130 Latissimus dorsi C6-C8 (thoracodorsal)

131 Pectoralis major C5-T1 (medial and lateral pectorals)

137 Teres minor C5-C6 (axillary)

138 Teres major C5-C6 (subscapular)

139 Coracobrachialis C5-C7 (musculocutaneous)

Shoulder Internal Rotation (Medial Rotation)

130 Latissimus dorsi C6-C8 (thoracodorsal)

131 Pectoralis major C5-T1 (medial and lateral pectorals)

134 Subscapularis C5-C6 (subscapular)

138 Teres major C5-C6 (subscapular)

133 Deltoid (anterior) C5-C6 (axillary)

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction

131 Pectoralis major C5-T1 (medial and lateral pectorals)

133 Deltoid (anterior) C5-C6 (axillary)

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction

133 Deltoid (posterior) C5-C6 (axillary)

Shoulder External Rotation (Lateral Rotation)

133 Deltoid (posterior) C5-C6 (axillary)

136 Infraspinatus C5-C6 (suprascapular)

137 Teres minor C5-C6 (axillary)

Shoulder Extension

130 Latissimus dorsi C6-C8 (thoracodorsal)

133 Deltoid (posterior) C5-C6 (axillary)

138 Teres major C5-C7 (subscapular)

142 Triceps brachii (long head) C6-C8 (radial)

Elbow Flexion
140 Biceps brachii C5-C6 (musculocutaneous)

141 Brachialis C5-C6 (musculocutaneous)

143 Brachioradialis C5-C6 (radial)

146 Pronator teres C6-C7 (median)

148 Extensor carpi radialis longus C6-C7 (radial)

151 Flexor carpi radialis C6-C7 (median)

152 Palmaris longus C7-C8 (median)

153 Flexor carpi ulnaris C7-T1 (ulnar)

Elbow Extension

142 Triceps brachii C6-C8 (radial)

144 Anconeus C6-C8 (radial)

Forearm Pronation

146 Pronator teres C6-C7 (median)

147 Pronator quadratus C7-C8 (median)

151 Flexor carpi radialis C6-C7 (median)

Forearm Supination

145 Supinator C6-C7 (radial)

140 Biceps brachii C5-C6 (musculocutaneous)

Wrist Flexion

151 Flexor carpi radialis C6-C7 (median)

153 Flexor carpi ulnaris C7-T1 (ulnar)

156 Flexor digitorum superficialis C8-T1 (median)

157 Flexor digitorum profundus

Digits 2 and 3 C8-T1 (median)

Digits 4 and 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

166 Abductor pollicis longus C7-C8 (radial)

169 Flexor pollicis longus C7-C8 (median)

152 Palmaris longus C7-C8 (median)

Wrist Extension

148 Extensor carpi radialis longus C6-C7 (radial)

149 Extensor carpi radialis brevis C7-C8 (radial)

150 Extensor carpi ulnaris C7-C8 (radial)

154 Extensor digitorum C7-C8 (radial)

158 Extensor digiti minimi C7-C8 (radial)

155 Extensor indicis C7-C8 (radial)

Wrist Radial Deviation (Abduction)

148 Extensor carpi radialis longus C6-C7 (radial)

149 Extensor carpi radialis brevis C7-C8 (radial)

151 Flexor carpi radialis C6-C7 (median)

167 Extensor pollicis longus C7-C8 (radial)

168 Extensor pollicis brevis C7-C8 (radial)

166 Abductor pollicis longus C7-C8 (radial)

Wrist Ulnar Deviation (Adduction)

150 Extensor carpi ulnaris C7-C8 (radial)

153 Flexor carpi ulnaris C7-T1 (ulnar)

Thumb Flexion Carpometacarpal (CMC)

169 Flexor pollicis longus C7-C8 (median)

172 Opponens pollicis C8-T1 (median)

170 Flexor pollicis brevis: Superficial head C8-T1 (median) Deep head C8-T1 (ulnar)

Metacarpophalangeal (MP)

170 Flexor pollicis brevis: Superficial head C8-T1 (median) Deep head C8-T1 (ulnar)

169 Flexor pollicis longus C7-C8 (median)

173 Adductor pollicis C8-T1 (ulnar)

Interphalangeal (IP)

169 Flexor pollicis longus C7-C8 (median)

Thumb Extension Carpometacarpal (CMC)

168 Extensor pollicis brevis C7-C8 (radial)

167 Extensor pollicis longus C7-C8 (radial)

166 Abductor pollicis longus C7-C8 (radial)

Metacarpophalangeal (MP)

168 Extensor pollicis brevis C7-C8 (radial)

167 Extensor pollicis longus C7-C8 (radial)

Interphalangeal (IP)

167 Extensor pollicis longus C7-C8 (radial)

171 Abductor pollicis brevis C8-T1 (median)

Thumb Abduction (Away from Digit 2 [Index Finger])

Carpometacarpal (CMC)

166 Abductor pollicis longus C7-C8 (radial)

168 Extensor pollicis brevis C7-C8 (radial)

171 Abductor pollicis brevis C8-T1 (median)

172 Opponens pollicis C8-T1 (median)

152 Palmaris longus C7-C8 (median)

Metacarpophalangeal (MP)

171 Abductor pollicis brevis C8-T1 (median)

Thumb Adduction (Toward Digit 2)

Carpometacarpal (CMC)

173 Adductor pollicis C8-T1 (ulnar)

164 1st dorsal interosseous C8-T1 (ulnar)

Metacarpophalangeal (MP)

173 Adductor pollicis C8-T1 (ulnar)

Thumb Opposition

172 Opponens pollicis C8-T1 (median) C8-T1 (ulnar) frequently

171 Abductor pollicis brevis C8-T1 (median)

170 Flexor pollicis brevis: Superficial head C8-T1 (median) Deep head C8-T1 (ulnar)

Finger Motions: Digit 2, 3, and 4 Motions (Index, Long, and Ring Fingers)

Finger Flexion

Metacarpophalangeal (MP)

163 Lumbricales, 1st and 2nd, for digits 2 and 3 C8-T1 (median)

163 Lumbricales, 3rd and 4th, for digits 4 and 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

165 Palmar interossei for digits 2, 4, and 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

164 Dorsal interossei for digits 2, 3, and 4 C8-T1 (ulnar)

156 Flexor digitorum superficialis for digits 2 to 5 C8-T1 (median)

157 Flexor digitorum profundus for digits 2 and 3 C8-T1 (median)

157 Flexor digitorum profundus for digits 4 and 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP)

156 Flexor digitorum superficialis C8-T1 (median)

157 Flexor digitorum profundus: For digits 2 and 3 C8-T1 (median) For digits 4 and 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

Distal Interphalangeal (DIP)

157 Flexor digitorum profundus:

For digits 2 and 3 C8-T1 (median)

For digits 4 and 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

Finger Extension Metacarpophalangeal (MP)

154 Extensor digitorum (digits 2 to 5) C7-C8 (radial)

155 Extensor indicis (digit 2) C7-C8 (radial)

Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal (PIP and DIP)

154 Extensor digitorum (digits 2 to 5) C7-C8 (radial)

155 Extensor indicis (digit 2) C7-C8 (radial)

163 Lumbricales: 1st and 2nd, for digits 2 and 3 C8-T1 (median) 3rd and 4th, for digits 4 and 5 C8-T1
(ulnar)

165 Palmar interossei for digits 2, 4, and 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

164 Dorsal interossei for digits 2, 3, and 4 C8-T1 (ulnar)

Finger Abduction

164 Dorsal interossei: 1st and 2nd, for digits 2 and 3 C8-T1 (ulnar) 3rd and 4th, for digits 3 and 4

154 Extensor digitorum (digits 2, 4, and 5) C7-C8 (radial)

Finger Adduction

165 Palmar interossei: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, for digits 2, 4, and 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

155 Extensor indicis (for index finger) C7-C8 (radial)

Finger Motion:

Little Finger Flexion (Digit 5)

Carpometacarpal (CMC)

161 Opponens digiti minimi C8-T1 (ulnar)

Metacarpophalangeal (MP)

160 Flexor digiti minimi brevis C8-T1 (ulnar)

159 Abductor digiti minimi C8-T1 (ulnar)

163 4th lumbrical C8-T1 (ulnar)

165 3rd palmar interosseus C8-T1 (ulnar)

156 Flexor digitorum superficialis for digit 5 C8-T1 (median)

157 Flexor digitorum profundus for digit 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP)

156 Flexor digitorum superficialis C8-T1 (median)

157 Flexor digitorum profundus for digit 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

Distal Interphalangeal (DIP)

157 Flexor digitorum profundus for digit 5 C8-T1 (ulnar)

Extension (Digit 5) Metacarpophalangeal (MP)

154 Extensor digitorum C7-C8 (radial)

158 Extensor digiti minimi C7-C8 (radial)

Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal (PIP and DIP)

154 Extensor digitorum C7-C8 (radial)

158 Extensor digiti minimi C7-C8 (radial)

163 4th lumbrical C8-T1 (ulnar)

165 3rd palmar interosseus C8-T1 (ulnar)

Abduction (Digit 5)

154 Extensor digitorum for 5th digit C7-C8 (radial)

159 Abductor digiti minimi C8-T1 (ulnar)

158 Extensor digiti minimi C7-C8 (radial)

161 Opponens digiti minimi C8-T1 (ulnar)

Adduction (Digit 5)

165 3rd palmar interosseus C8-T1 (ulnar)

Opposition (Digit 5)

159 Abductor digiti minimi C8-T1 (ulnar)

161 Opponens digiti minimi C8-T1 (ulnar)

160 Flexor digiti minimi brevis C8-T1 (ulnar)

163 4th lumbrical C8-T1 (ulnar)

165 3rd palmar interosseus C8-T1 (ulnar)

Hip Flexion
176 Iliacus L2-L3 (femoral)

174 Psoas major L2-L4 (often L1)

196 Rectus femoris L2-L4 (femoral)

195 Sartorius L2-L3 (femoral)

177 Pectineus L2-L3 (femoral)

179 Adductor longus L2 or L3-L4 (obturator)

180 Adductor brevis L2-L4 (obturator)

181 Adductor magnus (superior) L2-L4 (obturator)

185 Tensor fasciae latae L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

183 Gluteus medius (anterior) L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

Hip Extension

182 Gluteus maximus L5-S2 (inferior gluteal)

192 Biceps femoris (long) L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

193 Semitendinosus L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

194 Semimembranosus L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

181 Adductor magnus (inferior) L2-L4 (sciatic [tibial])

183 Gluteus medius (posterior) L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

Hip Abduction

183 Gluteus medius L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

184 Gluteus minimus L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

185 Tensor fasciae latae L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

195 Sartorius L2-L3 (femoral)

182 Gluteus maximus (upper) L5-S2 (inferior gluteal)

186 Piriformis (hip flexed) S1-S2 (nerve to piriformis)

189 Gemellus superior (hip flexed) L5-S1 (nerve to obturator internus)

190 Gemellus inferior (hip flexed) L5-S1 (nerve to quadratus femoris)

187 Obturator internus (hip flexed) L5-S1 (nerve to obturator internus)

Hip Adduction

181 Adductor magnus L2-L4 (sciatic [tibial] and obturator)

180 Adductor brevis L2-L3 (obturator)

179 Adductor longus L2 or L3-L4 (obturator)

177 Pectineus L2-L3 (femoral)

178 Gracilis L2-L3 (obturator)

188 Obturator externus L3-L4 (obturator)

182 Gluteus maximus (lower) L5-S2 (inferior gluteal)

Hip Internal Rotation (Medial Rotation)

183 Gluteus medius (anterior) L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

184 Gluteus minimus L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

185 Tensor fasciae latae L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

194 Semimembranosus L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

193 Semitendinosus L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

181 Adductor magnus29 L2-L4 (obturator, sciatic [tibial])

179 Adductor longus L2 or L3-L4 (obturator)

Hip External Rotation (Lateral Rotation)

182 Gluteus maximus L5-S2 (inferior gluteal)

188 Obturator externus L3-L4 (obturator)

191 Quadratus femoris L5-S1 (nerve to quadratus femoris)

189 Gemellus superior L5-S1 (nerve to obturator internus)

190 Gemellus inferior L5-S1 (nerve to quadratus femoris)

187 Obturator internus L5-S1 (nerve to obturator internus)

186 Piriformis S1-S2 (nerve to piriformis)

195 Sartorius L2-L3 (femoral)

192 Biceps femoris (long) L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

183 Gluteus medius (posterior) L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

174 Psoas major L2-L4

202 Popliteus (tibia fixed) L4-S1 (tibial)

Knee Flexion

194 Semimembranosus L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

193 Semitendinosus L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

192 Biceps femoris: Long L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial]) Short L5-S2 (sciatic, common peroneal)

178 Gracilis L2-L3 (obturator)

195 Sartorius L2-L3 (femoral)

202 Popliteus L4-S1 (tibial)

185 Tensor fasciae latae (via iliotibial band) (after 30° knee flexion) L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

207 Plantaris S1-S2 (tibial)

205 Gastrocnemius S1-S2 (tibial

) Knee Extension

196-200 Quadriceps femoris (all): L2-L4 (femoral)

185 Tensor fasciae latae L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

Knee Internal Rotation (Knee Flexed)

194 Semimembranosus L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

193 Semitendinosus L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial])

195 Sartorius L2-L3 (femoral)

178 Gracilis L2-L3 (obturator)

202 Popliteus L4-S1 (tibial)

Knee External Rotation (Knee Flexed)

192 Biceps femoris: Long head L5-S2 (sciatic [tibial]) Short head L5-S2 (sciatic, common peroneal)

185 Tensor fasciae latae L4-S1 (superior gluteal)

Ankle Plantar Flexion

205 Gastrocnemius S1-S2 (tibial)

206 Soleus S1-S2 (tibial)

204 Tibialis posterior L4-L5 (tibial)

208 Peroneus longus L5-S1 (superficial peroneal)

209 Peroneus brevis L5-S1 (superficial peroneal)

207 Plantaris S1-S2 (tibial)

222 Flexor hallucis longus L5-S2 (tibial)

213 Flexor digitorum longus L5-S2 (tibial)

Ankle Dorsiflexion

203 Tibialis anterior L4-L5 (deep peroneal)

210 Peroneus tertius L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

221 Extensor hallucis longus L5 (deep peroneal) (L4-S1 also cited)

211 Extensor digitorum longus L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

Foot Inversion
204 Tibialis posterior L4-L5 (tibial)

203 Tibialis anterior L4-L5 (deep peroneal)

221 Extensor hallucis longus L5 (deep peroneal)

222 Flexor hallucis longus L5-S2 (tibial)

213 Flexor digitorum longus L5-S2 (tibial)

206 Soleus S1-S2 (tibial)

Foot Eversion

208 Peroneus longus L5-S1 (superficial peroneal)

209 Peroneus brevis L5-S1 (superficial peroneal)

205 Gastrocnemius (medial head) S1-S2 (tibial)

210 Peroneus tertius L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

211 Extensor digitorum longus L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

Great Toe Flexion Proximal Joint (MP)

223 Flexor hallucis brevis S1-S2 (medial plantar)

222 Flexor hallucis longus L5-S2 (tibial)

224 Abductor hallucis S1-S2 (medial plantar)

225 Adductor hallucis S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

Distal Joint (IP)

222 Flexor hallucis longus L5-S2 (tibial)

Great Toe Extension (Toe 1) Proximal Joint (MP)

221 Extensor hallucis longus L5 (deep peroneal) (L1-S4 also cited)

212 Extensor digitorum brevis L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

Distal Joint (IP)

221 Extensor hallucis longus L5 (deep peroneal)

Great Toe Abduction (Away from Toe 2)

224 Abductor hallucis S1-S2 (medial plantar)

Great Toe Adduction (Toward Toe 2)

225 Adductor hallucis S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

Motions of Toes 2, 3, and 4 Toe Flexion

MP Joints
218 Lumbricales: 1st, for digit 2 L5-S1 (medial plantar) 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, for digits 3, 4, and 5 S2-S3
(lateral plantar)

220 Plantar interossei: 1st and 2nd, for digits 3 and 4 S2-S3 (lateral plantar, deep branch) 3rd, for
digit 5 S2-S3 (lateral plantar, superficial branch)

219 Dorsal interossei, 1st to 4th, for digits 2 to 5 S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

214 Flexor digitorum brevis S1-S2 (medial plantar)

213 Flexor digitorum longus L5-S2 (tibial)

PIP Joints

214 Flexor digitorum brevis S1-S2 (medial plantar)

213 Flexor digitorum longus L5-S2 (tibial)

DIP Joints

213 Flexor digitorum longus L5-S2 (tibial)

217 Quadratus plantae S1-S3 (lateral plantar)

Toe Extension Proximal Joints (MP)

211 Extensor digitorum longus L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

212 Extensor digitorum brevis L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

Middle and Distal Joints (PIP and DIP)

211 Extensor digitorum longus L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

212 Extensor digitorum brevis L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

218 Lumbricales: 1st for digit 2 L5-S1 (medial plantar) 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, for digits 3, 4, and 5 S2-S3
(lateral plantar)

220 Plantar interossei for digits 3 to 5 S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

219 Dorsal interossei for digits 2 to 5 S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

Toe Abduction (Away from Axial Line through Digit 2)

219 Dorsal interossei, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, for digits 2, 3, and 4 S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

Toe Adduction (Toward Axial Line through Digit 2)

220 Plantar interossei, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, for digits 3, 4, and 5 S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

Little Toe Flexion

MP Joint

216 Flexor digiti minimi brevis S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

215 Abductor digiti minimi S1-S3 (lateral plantar)

218 Lumbrical, 4th S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

220 Interosseus, 3rd plantar S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

214 Flexor digitorum brevis S1-S2 (medial plantar)

213 Flexor digitorum longus L5-S2 (tibial)

PIP Joint

214 Flexor digitorum brevis S1-S2 (medial plantar)

213 Flexor digitorum longus L5-S2 (tibial)

DIP Joint

213 Flexor digitorum longus L5-S2 (tibial)

217 Quadratus plantae (flexor digitorum accessorius) S1-S3 (lateral plantar)

Little Toe Extension

Proximal Joint (MP)

211 Extensor digitorum longus L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

Middle and Distal Joints (PIP and DIP)

211 Extensor digitorum longus L5-S1 (deep peroneal)

218 Lumbrical, 4th S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

220 Interosseus, 3rd plantar S2-S3 (lateral plantar)

Little Toe Abduction (Away from Digit 4)

215 Abductor digiti minimi S1-S3 (lateral plantar)

Little Toe Adduction (Toward Digit 4)

220 Interosseus, 3rd plantar S2-S3 (lateral plantar)