DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

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UNIT NO. : 02
UNIT NAME: STRUCTURE OF ATOM
TOPIC: NCERT EXERCISE QUESTIONS
(61-67)

Assignment No.: 32 DATE: 15.06.2021

KEY POINTS:
Quantum numbers may be defined as a set of 4 numbers with the help of which we
can get complete information about all the electrons in an atom, i.e. location,
energy, the type of Orbital occupied, space and orientation of that orbital. It tells
the principal energy level or shell to which the electron belongs.

To completely describe an electron in an atom, four quantum numbers are needed:

 Principal quantum number, denoted by n.

 Orbital angular momentum quantum number (or azimuthal quantum number),
denoted by l.
 Magnetic quantum number, denoted by ml.
 The electron spin quantum number, denoted by ms.

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ASSIGNMENT NO.: 32 CLASS: 11TH SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY DATE: 15.06.2021

Principal Quantum Number

 Principal quantum numbers are denoted by the symbol ‘n’. They
designate the principal electron shell of the atom. Since the most
probable distance between the nucleus and the electrons is described by it, a
larger value of the principal quantum number implies a greater distance
between the electron and the nucleus (which, in turn, implies a greater
atomic size).
 The value of the principal quantum number can be any integer with a positive
value that is equal to or greater than one.

Azimuthal Quantum Number (Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum

Number)
 The azimuthal (or orbital angular momentum) quantum number describes the
shape of a given orbital. It is denoted by the symbol ‘l’ and its value is equal
to the total number of angular nodes in the orbital.
 A value of the azimuthal quantum number can indicate either an s, p, d, or f
subshell which vary in shapes. This value depends on (and is capped by) the
value of the principal quantum number, i.e. the value of the azimuthal
quantum number ranges between 0 and (n-1).

Magnetic Quantum Number

 The total number of orbitals in a subshell and the orientation of these orbitals
are determined by the magnetic quantum number. It is denoted by the
symbol ‘ml’. This number yields the projection of the angular momentum
corresponding to the orbital along a given axis.
 The value of the magnetic quantum number is dependent on the value of the
azimuthal (or orbital angular momentum) quantum number. For a given value
of l, the value of ml ranges between the interval -l to +l. Therefore, it indirectly
depends on the value of n.
 For example, if n = 4 and l = 3 in an atom, the possible values of the
magnetic quantum number are -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, and +3.

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ASSIGNMENT NO.: 32 CLASS: 11TH SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY DATE: 15.06.2021

Electron Spin Quantum Number

 The electron spin quantum number is independent of the values of n, l, and
ml. The value of this number gives insight into the direction in which the
electron is spinning, and is denoted by the symbol ms.

 The value of ms offers insight into the direction in which the electron is
spinning. The possible values of the electron spin quantum number are +½
and -½.

Question 61.
If the position of the electron is measured within an accuracy of ± 0.002
nm, calculate the uncertainty in the momentum of the electron. Suppose
the momentum of the electron is h/4πm x 0.05 nm. Is there any problem in
defining this value.
Answer:

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ASSIGNMENT NO.: 32 CLASS: 11TH SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY DATE: 15.06.2021

Since actual momentum is smaller than the uncertainty in measuring

momentum, therefore, the momentum of electron cannot be defined.

Question 62.
The quantum numbers of six electrons are given below. Arrange them in
order of increasing energies. List if any of these combination(s) has/have the
same energy
(i) n = 4, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = -1/2
(ii) n = 3, l = 2, ml = 1, ms = +1/2
(iii) n = 4, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = +1/2
(iv) n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = -1/2
(v) n = 3, l = l, ml = -1, ms = +1/2
(vi) n = 4, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = +1/2

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ASSIGNMENT NO.: 32 CLASS: 11TH SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY DATE: 15.06.2021

Answer:
The electrons may be assigned to the following orbitals :
(i) 4d
(ii) 3d
(iii) 4p
(iv) 3d
(v) 3p
(vi) 4p.
The increasing order of energy is :
(v) < (ii) = (iv) < (vi), = (iii) < (i)

Question 63.
The bromine atom possesses 35 electrons. It contains 6 electrons in 2p
orbital, 6 electrons in 3p orbital and 5 electrons in 4p orbital. Which of these
electrons experiences lowest effective nuclear charge?

Answer:
4p electron experiences lowest effective nuclear charge because of the
maximum magnitude of screening or shielding effect. It is farthest from the
nucleus.

Question 64.
Among the following pairs of orbitals, which orbital will experience more
effective nuclear charge (i) 2s and 3s (ii) 4d and 4f (iii) 3d and 3p?

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ASSIGNMENT NO.: 32 CLASS: 11TH SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY DATE: 15.06.2021

Answer:
Please note that greater the penetration of the electron present in a particular
orbital towards the nucleus more will be the magnitude of the effective
nuclear charge. Based upon this,
(i) 2s electron will experience more effective nuclear charge.
(ii) 4d electron will experience more effective nuclear charge.
(iii) 3p electron will experience more effective nuclear charge.

Question 65.
The unpaired electrons in Al and Si are present in the 3p orbital. Which
electrons will experience more effective nuclear charge from the nucleus?

Answer:
Configuration of the two elements are :
Al (Z = 13) : [Ne] 3s23p1 ; Si (Z = 14) : [Ne] 3s23p2
The unpaired electrons in silicon (Si) will experience more effective nuclear
charge because the atomic number of the element Si is more than that of Al.
Question 66.
Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in :
(a) P (b) Si (c) Cr (d) Fe and (e) Kr.
Answer:
(a) P (z=15) : [Ne]10 3s23p3 ; No. of unpaired electrons = 3
(b) Si (z=14) : [Ne]10 3s23p2 ; No. of unpaired electrons = 2
(c) Cr (z=24): [Ar]18 4s13d5 ; No. of unpaired electrons = 6
(d) Fe (z=26): [Ar]18 4s23d6 ; No. of unpaired electrons = 4
(e) Kr (z=36) : [Ar]18 4s23d104p6 ; No. of unpaired electrons = Nil.

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ASSIGNMENT NO.: 32 CLASS: 11TH SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY DATE: 15.06.2021

Question 67.
(a) How many sub-shells are associated with n = 4?
(b) How many electrons will be present in the sub-shells having ms value of
-1/2 for n = 4?

Answer:
(a) For n = 4 ; No. of sub-shells = (l = 0, l = 1, l = 2, l = 3) = 4.
(b) Total number of orbitals which can be present = n2 = 42 = 16.
Each orbital can have an electron with ms = – ½ ‘. Total no. of electrons
with ms = – 1/2 is 16.

Prepared By : Vijay Kumar, Chemistry Lecturer,G.S.S.S

Bassi Kalan, Hoshiarpur. (9815368990)
Under the Guidance of : Sh. Harkamaljeet Singh,DM
Principal, G.S.S.School Bohan, Hoshiarpur.(8146283399)
Supervised By : Smt. Jasvinder Kaur (Assistant Director)
PPPP Science Sen. Sec. State
Coordinator.

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